
<p>Test case design techniques are the key to planning, designing, and implementing tests for software applications. These techniques involve various steps that aim to ensure the effectiveness of test cases in uncovering bugs or other defects in software programs. This blog post will review all these techniques, including their pros and cons and when to use them.</p>



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets"><p class="toc_title">Table Of Contents</p><ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#Test_Case_Design_Techniques"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">1</span> Test Case Design Techniques</a></li><li><a href="#A_basic_example_of_test_case_design"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">2</span> A basic example of test case design</a></li><li><a href="#What_are_the_types_of_test_case_design_techniques"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">3</span> What are the types of test case design techniques?</a><ul><li><a href="#1_Specification-Based_or_Black-Box_techniques"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">3.1</span> 1. Specification-Based or Black-Box techniques</a></li><li><a href="#2_Structure-Based_or_White-Box_techniques"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">3.2</span> 2. Structure-Based or White-Box techniques</a></li><li><a href="#Experience-Based_techniques"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">3.3</span> Experience-Based techniques</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Test_Case_Software_for_managing_Test_Cases"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">4</span> Test Case Software for managing Test Cases</a></li><li><a href="#Can_these_designs_be_helpful_while_automating_your_tests"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">5</span> Can these designs be helpful while automating your tests?</a></li><li><a href="#Summary"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">6</span> Summary</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">7</span> Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li><a href="#Why_are_test_case_design_techniques_used"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">7.1</span> Why are test case design techniques used?</a></li><li><a href="#What_are_the_advantages_of_test_case_design_techniques"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">7.2</span> What are the advantages of test case design techniques?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-test-case-design-techniques"><span id="Test_Case_Design_Techniques"><strong>Test Case Design Techniques</strong></span></h2>



<p>There are tons of different ways to design your test cases. These techniques help you test all your software&#8217;s features and functions efficiently.</p>



<h2 id="h-a-basic-example-of-test-case-design"><span id="A_basic_example_of_test_case_design"><strong>A basic example of test case design</strong></span></h2>



<p>Let us consider any e-commerce app or website (like Amazon or Flipkart) for test case design. We want to ensure users can quickly checkout and make payments without issues. Here we test for 1 product in the cart; we will see later that this test case design technique is a boundary value analysis technique.</p>



<p><strong>Title:</strong> Test that user can complete the checkout process when there is 1 item in the card. </p>



<p><strong>Description:</strong> Ensure users can checkout and make payments without issues on the website/app </p>



<p><strong>Preconditions: </strong>The user is already logged in </p>



<p><strong>Assumptions:</strong> They are using a supported device or browser to log in. </p>



<p><p style="padding-top:30px"><strong>Test Steps:</strong></p></p>



<ol><li>Open the app/website.</li><li>Go to 1 product</li><li>Add the product to the cart.</li><li>Check out the item in the cart.</li><li>Add address information for delivery</li><li>Add payment information</li><li>Complete the checkout process.</li></ol>



<p><p style="padding-top:15px"><strong>Expected Result</strong>: The checkout process should be complete, and the user should receive confirmation.</p></p>



<h2 id="h-what-are-the-types-of-test-case-design-techniques"><span id="What_are_the_types_of_test_case_design_techniques"><strong>What are the types of test case design techniques?</strong></span></h2>



<p>These test case design techniques can be classified into three major groups:</p>



<h3 id="h-1-specification-based-or-black-box-techniques"><span id="1_Specification-Based_or_Black-Box_techniques">1. <strong>Specification-Based or Black-Box techniques</strong></span></h3>



<p>Specification-based testing, also known as black-box testing, is a testing technique that focuses on testing the software system based on its functional requirements and specifications without any knowledge about the underlying code or system structure.</p>



<ol><li><strong>Boundary Value Analysis (BVA)</strong> identifies errors at the input domain&#8217;s boundary. A simple example of boundary value analysis would be testing a text box that requires the user to enter a number between 1 and 10. In this case, the boundary values would be 1 and 10, and we would test with values that are just above, at, and just below these boundaries.<br><br><strong> Example: </strong>We would test with 0, 1, 2, 9, 10, and 11. We can expect that errors or defects are most likely to occur at or near the boundary values. Identifying these issues early can help prevent them from causing problems later in the software development process.<br></li><li><strong>Equivalence Partitioning (EP)</strong> is another technique that helps reduce the required test cases. By partitioning test input data into classes with an equivalent number of data, one can design test cases for each class or partition. This technique ensures that one thoroughly tests the software while minimizing the required test cases. <br><br><strong>Example</strong>: If a program requires an input of numbers between 1 and 100, an EP test would include a range of values, such as 1-50 and 51-100, and numbers outside that range, such as -1 or 101. Testing one value from each partition is sufficient to test all values within that partition.<br></li><li><strong><a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/decision-table-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Decision Table Testing</a></strong> is a technique that involves designing test cases based on decision tables formulated using different combinations of inputs and their corresponding outputs based on various conditions and scenarios sticking to other business rules. This technique ensures that we test the software thoroughly and accurately. <br><br><strong>Example</strong>: If a program offers discounts based on the type of customer and the amount spent, a decision table would list all possible combinations of customer types and the amount paid to receive a discount. Each cell in the table would specify the value that should be applied. Testers can ensure the program behaves correctly under various scenarios by testing all combinations.<br></li><li>Developers use<strong> State Transition Diagrams(STD)</strong> to test software with a finite number of states of different types. A set of rules that define the response to various inputs guides the transition from one state to another. This technique is handy for systems with specific workflows within them. <br><br><strong>Example</strong>: Consider an e-commerce website that has different states such as &#8220;logged out,&#8221; &#8220;logged in,&#8221; &#8220;cart empty,&#8221; &#8220;cart not empty,&#8221; and &#8220;order placed.&#8221; The transitions between the states would be triggered by login in and logout, adding the product to the cart, removing the product from the cart, proceeding to checkout, etc. An STD can help visualize and test such complex states and transitions in a system.<br></li><li><strong>Use Case Testing</strong> involves designing test cases to execute different business scenarios and end-user functionalities. <br><br><strong>Example</strong>: A use case could be a &#8220;student enrolling in a course&#8221; on an academic website. Test cases would simulate the enrollment process and verify the system&#8217;s response from a student&#8217;s perspective.</li></ol>



<h3 id="h-2-structure-based-or-white-box-techniques"><span id="2_Structure-Based_or_White-Box_techniques">2. <strong>Structure-Based or White-Box techniques</strong></span></h3>



<p>Structure-based testing, also known as white-box testing, is a testing technique that involves the testing of internal structures or components of software applications. In this approach, the tests interact with the code directly. These tests are designed to ensure the code works correctly and efficiently.</p>



<ol><li><strong>Statement Testing and Coverage</strong> is a technique that involves executing all the executable statements in the source code at least once. We then calculate the percentage of executable statements as per the given requirement. <br><br><strong>Example</strong>: Consider code that inputs two numbers and checks if the first number is greater than or equal to the second. A statement coverage test would verify that both the &#8220;greater than&#8221; and &#8220;equal to&#8221; statements are executed during testing to ensure that all code branches are covered.<br></li><li><strong>Decision Testing Coverage</strong>, also known as branch coverage, validates all the branches in the code by executing each possible branch from each decision point at least once. This helps ensure that no branch leads to unexpected application behavior. <br><br><strong>Example</strong>: If a program requires an input of a number between 1 and 100 and uses an &#8220;if/else&#8221; statement to check if the number is even, decision testing coverage would ensure that both the even and odd outcomes have been tested to confirm all possible scenarios have been checked.<br></li><li><strong>Condition Testing</strong>, also known as Predicate coverage testing. It involves evaluating each Boolean expression in the code and checking its output values, TRUE or FALSE, against the expected outcomes. This test checks all outcomes at least once to achieve 100% code coverage. We design test cases that make it easy to execute the condition outcomes. <br><br><strong>Example</strong>: If a program determines whether a user is eligible for a discount based on age, condition testing would verify that the code handles each age group accurately. It would test age values such as one less than, one more than, and within the age range requirement to evaluate if the code performs as expected.<br></li><li><strong>Multiple Condition Testing</strong> aims to test different combinations of conditions to achieve 100% coverage. This technique requires two or more test scripts, which may require more effort. <br><br><strong>Example</strong>: If a program uses an &#8220;if/else&#8221; statement to check age and gender to provide a discount, multiple condition testing would verify that the program handles all possible scenarios correctly. It would test various age ranges and gender combinations to ensure the code performs accurately for all possibilities.<br></li><li><strong>All Path Testing </strong>leverages the source code of a program to find every executable path. <br><br><strong>Example</strong>: If a program asks a user for two inputs (A and B) and has multiple conditions, All Path Testing would ensure that each condition is tested independently. The technique would test all combinations of A and B, including zero, negative, and positive Testings, to identify any potential errors in the code.</li></ol>



<p>By implementing these testing techniques, testers, and developers can ensure the testing code is thoroughly tested and free of unexpected behavior. Choosing the appropriate method based on the project&#8217;s specific requirements is critical.</p>



<h3 id="h-experience-based-techniques"><span id="Experience-Based_techniques"><strong>Experience-Based techniques</strong></span></h3>



<p>The experience-based techniques can be broadly categorized into the following types:</p>



<ul><li><strong>Error Guessing</strong> is a testing technique that relies on the testers&#8217; skill, intuition, and experience to anticipate potential errors in the product.</li><br><li>On the other hand, <strong>Exploratory Testing</strong> is a technique used to test applications without any formal documentation. This method is recommended once scripted testing has been executed when working on the software.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-test-case-software-for-managing-test-cases"><span id="Test_Case_Software_for_managing_Test_Cases"><strong>Test Case Software for managing Test Cases</strong></span></h2>



<p>To ensure accurate test case management, it is essential to utilize refined test case software. This tool helps craft detailed test cases and enables users to report bugs that may arise from any failed step quickly.</p>



<p>Its advanced features allow for creating complete reports through built-in filters, providing valuable insights that can be acted upon. This innovative software empowers teams to manage their testing processes and deliver high-quality results efficiently.</p>



<p><strong>Examples of these tools include:</strong></p>



<ol><li>TestRail: A web-based tool that helps to manage, track, and organize test cases.</li><li>Zephyr: A comprehensive test case management tool that integrates with Jira and offers real-time visibility into testing activity.</li><li>TestLink: An open-source <a href="https://testsigma.com/test-management-tools">test management tool</a> that handles multiple test plans, requirements, test cases, and test reports.</li><li>SpiraTest: A flexible and comprehensive test management platform that offers traceability, version control, and defect tracking.</li><li>qTest: A web-based test management tool that automates test scheduling, offers collaboration, and integrates with other testing tools.</li></ol>



<h2 id="h-can-these-designs-be-helpful-while-automating-your-tests"><span id="Can_these_designs_be_helpful_while_automating_your_tests"><strong>Can these designs be helpful while automating your tests?</strong></span></h2>



<p>Yes! Test case design techniques help to create a structured approach to test automation. When test cases are well designed, achieving better test automation results is easier, sooner.</p>



<p><strong><a href="https://testsigma.com/">Testsigma</a></strong> is a genAI-based, low-code test automation tool that enables teams to create test cases in simple English. With that, it also supports data-driven testing and enables testers to implement all the test case designs efficiently.</p>



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<h2 id="h-summary"><span id="Summary"><strong>Summary</strong></span></h2>



<p>In this blog, we learned about test case design techniques that are fundamental in ensuring the effectiveness and efficiency of software testing. Knowledge of these testing techniques can enhance the testers&#8217; ability to design smart test cases that will be able to identify potential defects, avoid common pitfalls, and assess the performance and functionality of different software systems, better.</p>



<h2 id="h-frequently-asked-questions"><span id="Frequently_Asked_Questions"><strong>Frequently Asked Questions</strong></span></h2>



<h3 id="h-why-are-test-case-design-techniques-used"><span id="Why_are_test_case_design_techniques_used"><strong>Why are test case design techniques used?</strong></span></h3>



<p>These techniques are employed to optimize the testing process by identifying critical Testing and reducing redundancy, thus allowing for the efficient allocation of resources.</p>



<h3 id="h-what-are-the-advantages-of-test-case-design-techniques"><span id="What_are_the_advantages_of_test_case_design_techniques"><strong>What are the advantages of test case design techniques?</strong></span></h3>



<ol><li>Test case design techniques provide a more structured approach to testing, resulting in comprehensive test coverage and higher-quality software.</li><li>Using these techniques, testers can identify complex scenarios, generate effective test data, and design test cases that evaluate full system functionality.</li><li>It helps reduce the risk of missed defects and ensures all software requirements are met.</li><li>These techniques support faster and more efficient testing, reducing costs and increasing software reliability.</li></ol>




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<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets"><p class="toc_title">Table Of Contents</p><ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#Introduction"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">1</span> Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Defining_Brain_fog"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">2</span> Defining Brain fog:</a></li><li><a href="#Identifying_the_Causes_of_Brain_Fog"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">3</span> Identifying the Causes of Brain Fog:</a></li><li><a href="#What_Causes_Brain_Fog_in_Software_Testers"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">4</span> What Causes Brain Fog in Software Testers?</a></li><li><a href="#Recommended_Strategies_to_Overcome_Brain_Fog"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">5</span> Recommended Strategies to Overcome Brain Fog</a></li><li><a href="#Conclusion_Putting_it_all_Together"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">6</span> Conclusion: Putting it all Together</a></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-introduction"><span id="Introduction"><strong>Introduction</strong></span></h2>



<p>Hello there,</p>



<p>Welcome to another interesting blog that discusses the current hardships that we face. The past few years have indeed been tough for all of us. We were all faced with several challenges, both professionally and personally. One of the primary causes for this was COVID-19. Following the epidemic, we are returning to normalcy. Most of us are still dealing with <a href="https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/coronavirus-disease-(covid-19)-post-covid-19-condition" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">post-covid symptoms</a> like depression, anxiety, stress, and so on. You may or may not be aware of the implications. However, in order to live a calm existence, it is imperative that these issues be addressed.</p>



<p>In today&#8217;s article, we&#8217;ll look at brain fog and its impacts. Is this a brand-new term? Don&#8217;t be concerned! We&#8217;ve got you covered. Let us study and practice together.</p>



<p>Let&#8217;s study and use some of the finest strategies for overcoming brain fog.&nbsp;</p>



<h2 id="h-defining-brain-fog"><span id="Defining_Brain_fog"><strong>Defining Brain fog:</strong></span></h2>



<p>The word &#8220;brain fog&#8221; refers to feelings of forgetfulness, bewilderment, and mental exhaustion. Brain fog is a prevalent occurrence that affects everyone, particularly in the post-COVID age. While brain fog is not a medical diagnosis, it is a genuine and distressing condition that can have an impact on your quality of life. When you have brain fog, it might be difficult to remember what you&#8217;ve learned, focus on your work, and think clearly. It can also make it difficult to think creatively or make decisions. In rare cases, brain fog might result in memory loss.</p>



<p><p style="padding-bottom: 20px">Brain fog can cause several symptoms, including:</p></p>



<p>&#8211; Being forgetful or unable to focus</p>



<p>&#8211; Being confused or disoriented&nbsp;</p>



<p>&#8211; Having difficulty performing activities&nbsp;</p>



<p>&#8211; Being mentally exhausted</p>



<br><h2 id="h-identifying-the-causes-of-brain-fog"><span id="Identifying_the_Causes_of_Brain_Fog"><strong>Identifying the Causes of Brain Fog:</strong></span></h2>



<p><p style="padding-bottom: 20px">Brain fog is a prevalent problem that affects people of all ages and socioeconomic backgrounds. A multitude of reasons can contribute to it, including stress, lack of sleep, poor diet, dehydration, and hormone abnormalities.</p></p>



<ul><li>Stress can overwhelm the brain, rendering it incapable of processing information properly.&nbsp;</li></ul>



<ul><li>Sleep deprivation can make it harder to concentrate and comprehend information.&nbsp;</li></ul>



<ul><li>Poor diet can lead to brain fog because the body needs certain nutrients to function properly.</li></ul>



<ul><li>Dehydration can cause disorientation and difficulties concentrating.&nbsp;</li></ul>



<ul><li>Hormonal imbalances might leave you feeling hazy and distracted.&nbsp;</li></ul>



<ul><li>Additionally, it can be caused by environmental factors like noise or light levels.&nbsp;</li></ul>



<p><p style="padding-top: 20px">Identifying the origin of brain fog is critical for effective treatment. It is critical to monitor lifestyle factors such as stress, sleep, diet, and hydration.</p></p>



<h2 id="h-what-causes-brain-fog-in-software-testers"><span id="What_Causes_Brain_Fog_in_Software_Testers"><strong>What Causes Brain Fog in Software Testers?</strong></span></h2>



<p>Brain fog can be a debilitating condition for software testers, making it difficult to focus, remember facts, and recall details. It can be a source of frustration and cause of distress for testers, but there are ways to work through it. It is a state of confusion and difficulty to focus, which can make even the easiest of tasks seem difficult. As a software tester, it can be hard to complete tasks when brain fog is on the rise. By identifying the causes of brain fog, software testers can begin to move past it and shine brighter.&nbsp;</p>



<p>There are many possible causes of brain fog for software testers. It can be due to sleeplessness caused by project issues and timelines, improper work-life balance, same mundane project work, missing fun at work, etc. Whatever the cause, brain fog can make it difficult to think clearly and perform at your best.</p>



<h2 id="h-recommended-strategies-to-overcome-brain-fog"><span id="Recommended_Strategies_to_Overcome_Brain_Fog"><strong>Recommended Strategies to Overcome Brain Fog</strong></span></h2>



<p>We all suffer from brain fog at one time or another. As software testers, we are constantly finding bugs and checking for errors in code, a seemingly endless task. Also, we are gatekeepers of the project, which puts a lot of pressure on us. This can be draining and make it harder to stay focused and efficient. The first step in overcoming brain fog is to identify its source.</p>



<p><p style="padding-bottom: 20px">If you&#8217;re a software tester and you&#8217;re struggling with brain fog, there are a few things you can do to try and clear it up.</p></p>



<ul><li>Take regular breaks: It is critical for software testers to take frequent breaks to renew their minds and avoid brain fog. During breaks, they are free to engage in whatever activity they find comforting, such as reading, listening to music, or creating anything really.</li></ul><br>



<ul><li>Delegate tasks: Software testers can feel overwhelmed by the amount of work they have to do and feel brain fog due to the amount of pressure they are under. So to avoid this, it is crucial to do a proper work delegation and understand when it&#8217;s necessary to let go of some work and let someone else do it.</li></ul><br>



<ul><li>Say &#8220;No&#8221;: As a software tester, it&#8217;s important to be a team player and be able to say &#8216;no.&#8217; You should be able to say &#8216;no&#8217; whenever you are overwhelmed by too much work. Please don&#8217;t wait for the threshold and burst on. Always keep an eye on how you feel and start saying no to any tasks that are not essential and adding to your workload.</li></ul><br>



<ul><li>Get adequate sleep: The vast majority of testers work long hours, which might lead to exhaustion. To avoid this, it is crucial to keep a regular sleeping pattern to ensure that your mind and body receive adequate rest. Every day, strive to get 8 hours of good sleep.</li></ul><br>



<ul><li>Organize the work and workstation: Staying organized helps you to keep track of tasks and deadlines and make sure that your work is progressing in the right direction. This will help to reduce confusion and make it easier for the tester to focus on the tasks at hand. Organizing doesn&#8217;t mean that you are supposed to complete all the tasks. It’s about prioritizing, deprioritizing, decluttering etc. This will give you clarity on what needs to be done when. Also, please keep your work environment neat and tidy. Organizing your workspace will help you to be more productive, and it will also help you to feel more relaxed and calm.&nbsp;</li></ul><br>



<ul><li>Exercise regularly: Exercise not only keeps software testers physically healthy, but it also helps them clear their thoughts and focus more effectively. Regular physical activity also aids in the release of happy hormones, which can assist in boosting mood and maintaining the brain health. Start simple. Begin with walking for 30 minutes a day and gradually increase the amount of time and intensity.</li></ul><br>



<ul><li>Eat a balanced diet: One of the biggest causes of fatigue and brain fog is a poor diet. A healthy diet rich in fresh fruits and vegetables is vital for maintaining energy levels throughout the day. <a href="https://carnivorestyle.com/carnivore-diet/meal-plans/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Plan your meal</a> in advance to ensure that you have a healthy, balanced meal.</li></ul>



<ul><li>Drink Plenty of Water: Dehydration can cause fatigue and disorientation, so drinking lots of water throughout the day can assist in keeping the mind clear and operating at peak performance.</li></ul><br>



<ul><li>Practice positive thinking: Positive thinking is a powerful technique that may help to reduce worries and anxiety. Every day, software testers should practice positive thinking by visualizing their goals, staying present, and thinking about the positives/good results.</li></ul><br>



<ul><li>Meditate: Meditation can assist the mind in being in the present moment, boosting attention and decreasing brain fog. The discipline of being attentive and present in the moment, focusing on the current experience, and letting thoughts and emotions pass without getting caught up in them, is known as mindful meditation. By clearing the thoughts of distractions and focusing on what is happening in the now, mindful meditation can help software testers stay focused and enthusiastic.</li></ul><br>



<ul><li>Make a routine and stick to it: Developing a routine and sticking to it until it becomes a habit will help ensure that your body and mind get the rest and relaxation they require.</li></ul><br>



<ul><li>Change up the Task: Doing the same task for an extended period of time can lead to boredom and exhaustion, therefore, switching tasks can assist in maintaining attention and prevent brain fog.</li></ul><br>



<ul><li>Make Time for Fun: Taking time to unwind and enjoy activities outside of work can assist in decreasing stress, improve mental clarity, and rejuvenate the mind.</li></ul><br>



<ul><li>Spending time outside in nature: Getting out in nature for a few minutes might assist to clear the mind and make it easier to focus on the subject at hand.</li></ul>



<p><p style="padding-top: 20px">If you&#8217;re still struggling, there are some cognitive-enhancing supplements that you can try. Of course, you need to consult the medical practitioner before that. And finally, if all else fails, you can always take a long break from work and come back to it when you&#8217;re feeling more clear-headed.</p></p>



<h2 id="h-conclusion-putting-it-all-together"><span id="Conclusion_Putting_it_all_Together"><strong>Conclusion: Putting it all Together</strong></span></h2>



<p>Brain fog can be an obstacle in the software testing profession. However, with the proper knowledge and strategies, it can be managed and even eliminated. We, as software testers, should be more open-minded and enthusiastic so that our brains can help in delivering the best quality products.&nbsp;</p>



<p>Finally, it is important to remember that brain fog affects everyone. It is natural to experience difficulty in focusing at times. By taking regular breaks, staying organized and maintaining a healthy lifestyle, software testers can overcome the effects of brain fog and continue to shine brighter.&nbsp;</p>



<p><p style="padding-top: 20px">You might want to read some more blogs by Pricilla Bilavendran:</p></p>



<p><a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/software-test-engineer-stress/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Is there a way for software test engineers to manage stress in this culture of hustle?</a></p>



<p><a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/a-testers-gambit/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">A Tester’s Gambit</a></p>



<p><a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/how-to-be-an-open-minded-tester/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">How To Be An Open-Minded Tester?</a></p>


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A Guide to Handling a WebTable in Selenium


<p>You are working on software. But how do you ensure your users will be able to use it? User acceptance testing may hold the answer for you. This blog post will cover everything from the basics of UAT to the User Acceptance Testing Checklist, and, most importantly, we will share some tips and tricks with you.</p>



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets"><p class="toc_title">Table Of Contents</p><ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#User_Acceptance_Testing_UAT_Checklist"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">1</span> User Acceptance Testing (UAT) Checklist</a><ul><li><a href="#Initiating_the_UAT_project"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">1.1</span> Initiating the UAT project</a></li><li><a href="#Planning"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">1.2</span> Planning </a></li><li><a href="#Design"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">1.3</span> Design</a></li><li><a href="#Execution"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">1.4</span> Execution</a></li><li><a href="#Release_Decisions"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">1.5</span> Release Decisions</a></li><li><a href="#Post-User_Acceptance_Testing_Actions"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">1.6</span> Post-User Acceptance Testing Actions</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#User_Acceptance_Testing_Checklist_Example"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">2</span> User Acceptance Testing Checklist Example</a></li><li><a href="#Benefits_of_having_a_UAT_Checklist"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">3</span> Benefits of having a UAT Checklist</a></li><li><a href="#Automate_your_Acceptance_Tests"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">4</span> Automate your Acceptance Tests</a></li><li><a href="#Summary"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">5</span> Summary</a></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-user-acceptance-testing-uat-checklist"><span id="User_Acceptance_Testing_UAT_Checklist"><strong>User Acceptance Testing (UAT)</strong> <strong><strong>Checklist</strong></strong></span></h2>



<p>Here is a checklist for User Acceptance Testing that includes some of the essential elements to consider while conducting UAT:</p>



<h3 id="initiating-the-uat-project"><span id="Initiating_the_UAT_project">Initiating the UAT project</span></h3>



<p>Initiating the<a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/uat-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> User Acceptance Testing</a> (UAT) project is a big deal.</p>



<p>First, involve all the essential peeps like developers, testers, project managers, and end users. Your test cases need to be super thorough and cover all possible scenarios.</p>



<p>Once your test cases are ready, review them by stakeholders to ensure they&#8217;re accurate and complete.</p>



<h3 id="h-planning"><span id="Planning">Planning </span></h3>



<p>Make a UAT plan with clear goals and tasks, like setting up the test environment, creating test cases, and deciding on a timeline. This plan will help guide the whole testing process.</p>



<h3 id="h-design"><span id="Design">Design</span></h3>



<p>Next, you must create test cases based on user stories or use cases from the requirements document.</p>



<h3 id="h-execution"><span id="Execution">Execution</span></h3>



<p>The UAT Execution process involves testing the system or application by actual users to determine whether it meets their requirements and expectations. We analyze and evaluate the results and make necessary changes before the final release.</p>



<p>The UAT Execution process is essential in ensuring the product is user-friendly, meets the requirements, and satisfies the client&#8217;s needs.</p>



<h3 id="h-release-decisions"><span id="Release_Decisions">Release Decisions</span></h3>



<p>Before releasing the software, the User Acceptance Testing (UAT) process must be completed. The team will examine the UAT results and make release decisions to ensure the software meets end-user requirements. They should evaluate feedback, identify issues or flaws, and remedy them before launching the software.</p>



<p>The successful completion of User Acceptance Testing (UAT) can indicate the software&#8217;s readiness for launch; however, it is essential to consider other elements, such as technical and financial viability. Making decisions based on data is imperative to guarantee that the software meets end-users&#8217; demands and achieves success within the market.</p>



<h3 id="h-post-user-acceptance-testing-actions"><span id="Post-User_Acceptance_Testing_Actions">Post-User Acceptance Testing Actions</span></h3>



<p>Post-User Acceptance Testing Actions refer to the steps taken after successfully testing a software application. These actions involve analyzing the testing results, identifying any issues or bugs found, and fixing them before the final implementation of the software. Post-testing involves collecting and incorporating user feedback into the <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/uxui-how-improve-user-experience-software-development-rodriguez" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">software design to improve user experience</a>.</p>



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<h2 id="user-acceptance-testing-checklist-example"><span id="User_Acceptance_Testing_Checklist_Example"><strong>User Acceptance Testing Checklist Example</strong></span></h2>



<p>For the User Acceptance Testing checklist example, let’s look at a <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/test-scenario/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">test scenario</a> of an e-commerce website. The objective is to ensure that the new features of the website work expectedly and meet user requirements. The test environment is staging.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-table"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Test ID</strong></td><td><strong>Test Scenario</strong></td><td><strong>Test Steps</strong></td><td><strong>Expected Resuts</strong></td><td><strong>Actual Results</strong></td><td><strong>Pass/Fail</strong></td><td><strong>Comments</strong></td></tr><tr><td>1</td><td>User registration</td><td>1. Navigate to the registration page.<br>2. Fill out the registration form.<br>3. Submit the form.</td><td>New user should be registered and redirected to the homepage</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>User login</td><td>1. Navigate to the login page.<br>2. Enter valid credentials.<br>3. Click the login button.</td><td>User should be logged in and taken to the dashboard.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Add to cart</td><td>1. Search for a product.<br>2. Select the product.<br>3. Click on &#8220;Add to Cart&#8221;.</td><td>Product(s) should be added to the shopping cart.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>Order history</td><td>1. Navigate to the user account page.<br>2. Click on &#8220;Order History”.</td><td>User should see a list of past orders.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>Checkout process</td><td>1. Go to the shopping cart.<br>2. Click on &#8220;Proceed to Checkout&#8221;.<br>3. Fill out shipping and payment details.<br>4. Submit the order.</td><td>Order should be placed successfully, and confirmation email sent.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>Filter products by category</td><td>1. Navigate to the category page.<br>2. Apply a category filter.</td><td>Products should be filtered according to the selected category.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>



<p>Check here &#8211; <a href="https://testsigma.com/user-acceptance-testing-tools" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Best User Acceptance Testing Tools  </a></p>



<h2 id="benefits-of-having-a-uat-checklist"><span id="Benefits_of_having_a_UAT_Checklist"><strong>Benefits of having a UAT Checklist</strong></span></h2>



<p>Now, you have a checklist handy. All you have to do is put this checklist to good use. Below are the benefits you reap when using a checklist like this to the dot:</p>



<ul><li>Consistency and efficiency come when you run tests in a sequence without missing any step.</li><li>Checklists allow testers to track which test cases have been executed, their outcomes, and any issues encountered.</li><li>You can record and refer to the results along with the comments to stay on top of any changes that might happen in the text scenario.</li><li>A checklist provides a structured approach to UAT testing.</li><li>It promotes communication and collaboration among team members.</li></ul>



<p>Check here &#8211; <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/uat-test-cases-template/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">UAT Test Case Template</a></p>



<h2 id="h-automate-your-acceptance-tests"><span id="Automate_your_Acceptance_Tests"><strong>Automate your Acceptance Tests</strong></span></h2>



<p>Once the needed changes are incorporated into the product, the next step is to automate the <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/acceptance-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">acceptance tests</a>. For automating these tests, you need to choose the tool that would be right for you and would let you grow your<a href="https://testsigma.com/automated-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> test automation</a> suite further. </p>



<p>Testsigma is a tool for automating acceptance tests and allows you to scale your test automation efforts when needed. Some features that make it ideal for the automation of acceptance tests are:</p>



<p> i. It&#8217;s a no-code test automation tool; thus, writing your tests is like writing them in simple English. You don&#8217;t need to be an expert in coding here. </p>



<p>ii. You begin your test automation in minutes. </p>



<p>iii. Testsigma lets you automate your tests for web, mobile, desktop, and APIs from the same place. </p>



<p>iv. The test cases are very easy to edit too. Testsigma is also available as open source and free. </p>



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<h2 id="h-summary"><span id="Summary"><strong>Summary</strong></span></h2>



<p>Ultimately, UAT is an essential step that ensures the product offered to the end-users is high quality, meets their expectations, and is accepted as a valuable addition to their work or lifestyle. A User Acceptance Testing checklist outlines all the steps and procedures to complete the UAT process successfully.</p>



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<ts-linktext-value>User Acceptance Testing VS Usability Testing</ts-linktext-value>
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User Acceptance Testing Checklist- 6 Essential Elements To Consider

User Acceptance Testing Checklist – 6 Factors to Consider


<p>Test automation distinguishes itself by making a difference via reducing expenses, boosting productivity, and lowering error rates. No development team, I&#8217;m sure, will reject the efficiency that a solid automation suite can establish during a typical development process. The most significant of these traits is that test automation is a collaborative and time-consuming effort. Silo tests frequently fail to produce the desired outcomes, especially when many teams are working together to create impact.&nbsp;</p>



<p>In order to keep the machine running smoothly, collaboration is essential oil. This article focuses on the six crucial principles, software test automation teams should talk about before beginning to automate the tests &nbsp;Creating consensus and outlining common rules aids teams in creating and maintaining cleaner and efficient code.</p>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" src="https://testsigma.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/image-37.png" alt="6 test automation principles" class="wp-image-27469" width="600" height="400"/></figure></div>



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets"><p class="toc_title">Table Of Contents</p><ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#6_principles_of_automation_testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">1</span> 6 principles of automation testing</a><ul><li><a href="#1_System_state"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">1.1</span> 1. System state </a></li><li><a href="#2_Authenticationnbsp"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">1.2</span> 2. Authentication&nbsp;</a></li><li><a href="#3_Authorisationnbsp"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">1.3</span> 3. Authorisation&nbsp;</a></li><li><a href="#4_Test_data_bed"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">1.4</span> 4. Test data bed</a></li><li><a href="#5_Test_Layeringnbsp"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">1.5</span> 5. Test Layering&nbsp;</a></li><li><a href="#6_Frequency_of_test_executionnbsp"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">1.6</span> 6. Frequency of test execution&nbsp;</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="6-principles-of-automation-testing"><span id="6_principles_of_automation_testing">6 principles of automation testing</span></h2>



<p>Here are the 6 principles of automation testing for effective, scalable, and maintainable test practices</p>



<h3 id="h-1-system-state"><span id="1_System_state"><strong>1. System state </strong></span></h3>



<p>While building the test automation suite, one important principle is “system state”. System state makes the foundational aspect and has direct influence on the success or failure of test suite. Considering the application design into the account teams have to consider the state in which the application presents better. Not to forget the costs involved in maintaining the environment. Test environments are set up in various ways&nbsp;</p>



<p>i.  <strong><em>Long Living test environment </em></strong>&#8211; These are the test environments, once set up will continue to run except few maintenance shutdowns. Usually, enterprise applications are backed with such test environments due to the complexity of the business functions and speghetti system configuration. Most often we also see legacy applications running on long living test environments.&nbsp;</p>



<p>ii.  <strong><em>Hybrid test environments </em></strong>&#8211; These are the test environments where part of the system configuration is up and running all the time, whereas some part can be triggered on-demand. These type of test environments are the most complex to work with due to the partial existence, not many teams prefer the system set up this way.&nbsp;</p>



<p>iii.  <strong><em>On-demand Test environments</em></strong>&#8211; These are the test environments which can be set up anytime and dismantled after the use. Most often cloud applications harness this advantage.&nbsp;</p>



<p>In each of these test environment the behavior of test data, authroization, authentication and external integrations vary at various levels. Test teams have to&nbsp; take into application architecture into account before designing the E2E tests. While long living test environments are blessed with an advantage of maintaining and managing the system status, the On-demand environments have advantage of prestine test environment avoiding any stale test data.</p>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" src="https://testsigma.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/image-39.png" alt="test environments" class="wp-image-27473" width="600" height="400"/><figcaption><strong>On-demand Test environments</strong></figcaption></figure></div>



<h3 id="2-authentication"><span id="2_Authenticationnbsp"><strong>2. Authentication&nbsp;</strong></span></h3>



<p>The most fundamental test that any automation suite may have is user authentication into an application. However, the majority of applications operate behind cookies. When a user logs into an application, the application is supported by pertinent cookies to function around the user. The high level of personal experience that e-commerce websites want to deliver necessitates that these applications operate behind cookies.&nbsp;</p>



<p><p style="padding-top: 15px;padding-bottom: 15px">There are 2 ways to distribute these cookies.&nbsp;</p></p>



<p>1. Create the appearance of a typical user action and log in to the application using the user credentials.&nbsp;</p>



<p>2. After starting the program, insert these cookies into the active browser session to acquire access to it before the window loads.&nbsp;</p>



<p>Before creating the test suits, test teams should agree on the execution strategy, especially in multi-scrum/scaled agile teams. Depending on how the system is accessed, various <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/software-testing-strategy/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">testing strategies</a> are used. When tests are created to use embedded cookies, extra caution must be taken to check the cookies each time the session reloads; otherwise, the tests will continue to regularly fail.&nbsp;</p>



<p>According to the test requirements of the team, the test suite is frequently repeated and run in a variety of environments, including development, testing, staging, demo, and production. In these circumstances, the test suit unquestionably requires clarification regarding how authentication will be handled.</p>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" src="https://testsigma.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/image-38.png" alt="Authentication " class="wp-image-27471" width="600" height="400"/><figcaption><strong>Authentication&nbsp;</strong></figcaption></figure></div>



<h3 id="3-authorisation"><span id="3_Authorisationnbsp"><strong>3. Authorisation&nbsp;</strong></span></h3>



<p>One of the key concepts in any B2B or B2C application is access management. Authorization for user layers is a widely used notion in business solutions. Before developing the test automation suit, this is one of the most vital aspects that needs to be addressed. Concepts related to identity and access management should be handled as early in the phase as possible given they directly affect the test design.&nbsp;</p>



<p>Below are a few open questions to consider&nbsp;</p>



<p>Should you create several users with various levels of access? or alter the authorisations on the fly while running the test?&nbsp;</p>



<p>Should you create a new user each time the test is triggered? or can we have long living user credentials?&nbsp;</p>



<p>How do you prefer to compare modifications made by users with varying levels of authorisation?&nbsp;</p>



<p>What levels must be included in the process of test automation? Should we conduct vertical testing or handle each tier separately? What user combinations can never be generated?&nbsp;</p>



<p>Test data dependancy for user levels&nbsp;</p>



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<h3 id="4-test-data-bed"><span id="4_Test_data_bed"><strong>4. Test data bed</strong></span></h3>



<p>Preparing the test bed before the test execution is very important. Most tests should be supported with relevant Test data for successful execution. Theoretically most data should be flexible and should be achieved through parameterization. However, in real world execution not all tests can be run on flexible protocol due to various parameters.&nbsp;</p>



<p>A shared understanding of the constants used for the test execution should be established. Test framework should also be supported with separate file with collection of hard data. Application URL, User credentials, search terms, forms etc are classic examples where we see hard data being seeded.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 id="5-test-layering"><span id="5_Test_Layeringnbsp"><strong>5. Test Layering&nbsp;</strong></span></h3>



<p>Load a Frontend, perform an action wait for the operation to take place triggering changed UI state. Applying assertion on the changed UI state is what by and large is defined as test automation. Personally, I believe this is not how tests should be automated. By restricting the checks only to the old v/s new UI state you are barely scratching the surface of the test goal.&nbsp;</p>



<p>Establish a clear test design guideline for all CRUD operations performed and layers that needs to be verified to call it a successful tests. For example: When a user is prompted to fill the form and on click of save button the form details will be saved in backend DB. The tests should include the verification of the calls made to the backend, type of data transferred, checking the headers for security, verifying the response call, verifying the response schema and finally validating the data rendering on the UI makes a complete test flow for respective feature.&nbsp;</p>



<p>Let us not forget, achieving such test design needs good hold technically. Most often test teams lose their track over a period of time when new team members join and automation is handed over with less care.</p>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" src="https://testsigma.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/image-40.png" alt="Test Layering " class="wp-image-27475" width="600" height="400"/><figcaption><strong>Performance Checks</strong></figcaption></figure></div>



<h3 id="6-frequency-of-test-execution"><span id="6_Frequency_of_test_executionnbsp"><strong>6. Frequency of test execution&nbsp;</strong></span></h3>



<p><strong>&nbsp;</strong>A team of active developers generate more PRs in a day compared to conservative development team. The main goal behind <a href="https://testsigma.com/automated-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">automating tests</a> is to free up test engineers time for more critical tasks and also to achieve flexibility in executing the tests wherever required without having to worry about environments where the tests are triggered.&nbsp;</p>



<p>A team with higher PR traffic cannot afford to wait until all tests get executed to receive the early feedback. As this becomes the bottleneck in the <a href="https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/devops/what-cicd-pipeline" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">CI pipeline</a> as agents get busy building the code for a long. Thus, as a team, the last principle of software test automation is to decide on the type and frequency of tests to be performed during the code build, during the nightly executions etc.</p>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" src="https://testsigma.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/image-41.png" alt="Frequency of test execution" class="wp-image-27477" width="600" height="400"/></figure></div>



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<p>Read more articles written by Sowmya Sridharamurthy:</p>



<p><a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/the-unpleasant-phenomenon-in-agile-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Unpleasant Phenomenon In Agile Testing</a></p>



<p><a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/api-testing-basics/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">API testing basics for beginners</a></p>


6 elemental principles to be discussed before initiating test automation

6 Elemental Principles of Automation: Why They Matter?


<p>API vs UI Testing: Which one should you choose? Well, that&#8217;s a tricky choice because both these testing types play crucial roles in ensuring the overall functionality and reliability of an application.&nbsp;</p>



<p>Validating the front end and back end is crucial to ensuring the smooth operation of any application type. This blog will discuss the basics of API and UI testing, their differences and advantages, and how they impact an application&#8217;s quality.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" width="1000" height="420" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/blog-assets-production.testsigma.com/blogs/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/03123538/API-testing.webp" alt="API vs UI testing using Testsigma
" class="wp-image-53702" srcset="https://s3.amazonaws.com/blog-assets-production.testsigma.com/blogs/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/03123538/API-testing.webp 1000w, https://s3.amazonaws.com/blog-assets-production.testsigma.com/blogs/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/03123538/API-testing-768x323.webp 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px" /></figure>



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets"><p class="toc_title">Table Of Contents</p><ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_is_API_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">1</span> What is API Testing?</a></li><li><a href="#What_is_UI_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">2</span> What is UI Testing?</a></li><li><a href="#API_vs_UI_Testing_The_Core_Differences"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">3</span> API vs UI Testing: The Core Differences</a></li><li><a href="#Automating_API_and_UI_Testing_With_Testsigma"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">4</span> Automating API and UI Testing With Testsigma</a><ul><li><a href="#API_Test_Case_Generation_Using_Copilot"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">4.1</span> API Test Case Generation Using Copilot</a></li><li><a href="#No-Code_Test_Automation_for_UI_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">4.2</span> No-Code Test Automation for UI Testing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Conclusion"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">5</span> Conclusion</a></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-what-is-api-testing"><span id="What_is_API_Testing"><strong>What is API Testing?</strong></span></h2>



<p><a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/api-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">API testing</a> is a software testing technique that tests the APIs and the business logic of the application. It helps check if the APIs are working fine as expected in terms of functionality, performance, reliability, and security.&nbsp;</p>



<p>Also, this testing requires software to send calls to the API. The software will send requests to API, receive output, and compare the actual responses with the expected responses. Thus, it helps check if the API is working correctly.</p>



<h2 id="h-what-is-ui-testing"><span id="What_is_UI_Testing"><strong>What is UI Testing?</strong></span></h2>



<p><a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/ui-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">UI testing</a> is the process of testing the design and layout of the application. It involves testing the individual components of the interface, such as button color, input fields, and menus, as well as how they interact with each other.&nbsp;</p>



<p>Testers focus on evaluating the look and feel of the application to identify any design defects, errors, or usability issues before the product is released to end users.</p>



<p>The importance of testing UI cannot be overstated. A recent survey stated that <a href="https://www.forbes.com/advisor/business/software/website-statistics/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">21%</a> of businesses have low website traffic due to issues with their website performance. Also, a recent Google survey revealed that over <a href="https://www.marketingdive.com/news/google-53-of-mobile-users-abandon-sites-that-take-over-3-seconds-to-load/426070/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">53%</a> of mobile site visitors leave the web page if it takes more than three seconds to load.</p>



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<h2 id="h-api-vs-ui-testing-the-core-differences"><span id="API_vs_UI_Testing_The_Core_Differences"><strong>API vs UI Testing: The Core Differences</strong></span></h2>



<p>Both testing types play a major role in assuring a product&#8217;s quality. Let&#8217;s take a quick look at the major differences to understand these concepts better.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-table"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>UI Testing</strong></td><td><strong>API Testing</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Testers perform it</td><td>Developers and testers perform it</td></tr><tr><td>The functionality of the application is tested</td><td>The Business Logic of the application is validated</td></tr><tr><td>Testing is between the user and front-end of the application</td><td>Testing is between back-end of one application and back-end of another application</td></tr><tr><td>It is performed on the presentation layer, i.e., the front-end</td><td>It is performed on the business layer, i.e., the back-end</td></tr><tr><td>Slow execution time</td><td>Fast execution time as no user interface is required for this testing.</td></tr><tr><td>Both manual and automated testing are possible.&nbsp;</td><td>Both manual and automated testing are possible.&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Manual UI testing is preferred only in the case of small websites that consist of a minimum number of web pages and UI elements.&nbsp;</td><td>Though manual API testing is possible, it is highly daunting as you need to process a large amount of data for testing.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/automated-ui-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Automated UI testing</a> is considered the best for fast and efficient results.</td><td>Automated API testing offers fast and efficient results.</td></tr><tr><td>Top test automation tools like <a href="https://testsigma.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><strong>Testsigma</strong></a>, Selenium, or Cypress can be used.</td><td>Top test automation tools like <strong>Testsigma</strong>, Apache JMeter, Postman, or SoapUI can be used.</td></tr><tr><td>Improves your application&#8217;s quality and stability as it helps find and fix bugs in the UI.</td><td>Improves the overall security of the application as it helps identify security vulnerabilities in the API.</td></tr><tr><td>Ensures users have a positive experience while using your product.&nbsp;</td><td>Tests the product in-depth and validates if all the system components and databases are working as expected.</td></tr><tr><td>High test maintenance because changes to the UI can be quite frequent</td><td>Low test maintenance as changes to the API are mostly rare.</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>



<p>Though various tools are available in the market, Testsigma is one of a kind that allows you to automate both these tests in one platform.</p>



<h2 id="h-automating-api-and-ui-testing-with-testsigma"><span id="Automating_API_and_UI_Testing_With_Testsigma"><strong>Automating API and UI Testing With Testsigma</strong></span></h2>



<p>Testsigma is a powerful <a href="https://testsigma.com/ai-driven-test-automation" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><strong>GenAI-powered test automation</strong></a> platform that lets you automate both UI and API testing in the same place. It is a cloud-based codeless testing platform that allows you to create and execute automated tests for web, mobile, desktop, API, Salesforce, and SAP applications. A quick look at the benefits,</p>



<ul><li><strong>GenAI-powered testing: </strong>Interact with Copilot using prompts. Copilot generates automated test cases and test scenarios within seconds based on user prompts. </li></ul>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" width="1918" height="981" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/blog-assets-production.testsigma.com/blogs/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/03121740/Gen-Ai-powered-testing.jpg" alt="GenAI-powered test automation
" class="wp-image-53700" srcset="https://s3.amazonaws.com/blog-assets-production.testsigma.com/blogs/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/03121740/Gen-Ai-powered-testing.jpg 1918w, https://s3.amazonaws.com/blog-assets-production.testsigma.com/blogs/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/03121740/Gen-Ai-powered-testing-768x393.jpg 768w, https://s3.amazonaws.com/blog-assets-production.testsigma.com/blogs/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/03121740/Gen-Ai-powered-testing-1536x786.jpg 1536w" sizes="(max-width: 1918px) 100vw, 1918px" /></figure></div>



<ul><li><strong>Faster test development: </strong>Create your automated tests in seconds using GenAI and codeless testing.</li><li><strong>70% more test coverage: </strong>Cover multiple test scenarios including edge cases, by getting test suggestions from Copilot.</li><li><strong>Zero setup time: </strong>No infrastructure setup is required. You can quickly execute your API tests on the cloud.</li><li><strong>10x Faster: </strong>It makes your entire test automation process 10x faster and more efficient.</li><li><strong>Unified testing: </strong>Automate your web, mobile, desktop, API, Salesforce, and SAP tests in one place.</li><li><strong>Faster execution time: </strong>Run your UI, functional, API, visual, and accessibility tests in the same run.</li><li><strong>70% reduced test maintenance:</strong> AI-powered auto-healing tests can help reduce test failures by adapting to UI changes.</li><li><strong>Test continuously: </strong>Integrate automated tests into your existing CI/CD and DevOps pipeline. Testsigma offers 30+ integrations with popular tools to ensure continuous testing.</li><li><strong>Parallel testing:</strong> Run multiple tests simultaneously on various test environments on the cloud.</li><li><strong>Read device testing:</strong> Use our real device cloud to test across 3000+ real devices/platforms/browsers on the cloud.</li><li><strong>Actionable test insights:</strong> Get automated test reports that highlight failures or errors and provide detailed insights into the performance of your application.</li></ul>



<h3 id="h-api-test-case-generation-using-copilot"><span id="API_Test_Case_Generation_Using_Copilot"><strong>API Test Case Generation Using Copilot</strong></span></h3>



<p>With Testsigma, you can <a href="https://testsigma.com/automated-api-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">automate API testing</a> in minutes using Copilot. How can Copilot enhance your API test automation? Let&#8217;s discuss:</p>



<ul><li>Build API tests and validate responses in real-time</li><li>Improve your test coverage by 3X with data-driven testing</li><li>Validate your API using various REST API methods like GET, POST, DELETE, PUT, and HEAD via one integrated test or separate tests for each method.</li><li>Perform both API and functional UI tests using the same platform.</li><li>Validate API responses using various comparison modes</li><li>Easily send multiple API requests to test whether the communication channels are working properly.</li></ul>



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<p class="title">Scale your API testing with Testsigma&#8217;s GenAI-powered test automation</p>
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<h3 id="h-no-code-test-automation-for-ui-testing"><span id="No-Code_Test_Automation_for_UI_Testing"><a href="https://testsigma.com/low-code-test-automation" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><strong>No-Code Test Automation</strong></a><strong> for UI Testing</strong></span></h3>



<p>Testsigma allows you to test the application&#8217;s UI without requiring any coding. You can create automated UI tests in plain English using the Testsigma Recorder or NLP Engine. The powerful and intuitive UI makes it easy for technical and non-technical team members to collaborate and deliver quality products in a short time. </p>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" width="1918" height="978" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/blog-assets-production.testsigma.com/blogs/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/03121520/No-code-test-automation.jpg" alt="Automated UI testing with Testsigma
" class="wp-image-53698" srcset="https://s3.amazonaws.com/blog-assets-production.testsigma.com/blogs/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/03121520/No-code-test-automation.jpg 1918w, https://s3.amazonaws.com/blog-assets-production.testsigma.com/blogs/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/03121520/No-code-test-automation-768x392.jpg 768w, https://s3.amazonaws.com/blog-assets-production.testsigma.com/blogs/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/03121520/No-code-test-automation-1536x783.jpg 1536w" sizes="(max-width: 1918px) 100vw, 1918px" /></figure></div>



<ul><li>Intelligent test recorder that allows you to create automated tests in minutes.</li><li>Via Testsgima Coilpot &#8211; you can generate automated UI tests in minutes based on prompts, user stories, Figma design, or screenshots.</li><li>Easily run <a href="https://testsigma.com/automated-cross-browser-testing-tool" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">automated cross-browser tests</a> on thousands of devices and browsers on the cloud.</li><li>You can also <a href="https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/testsigma-recorder/epmomlhdjfgdobefcpocockpjihaabdp" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">install Testsigma Recorder</a>, the Chrome extension lets you easily record the web interactions and store them as test steps in plain English, which you can directly run on the cloud.</li><li>Automate visual and functional UI tests in the same run with just a few clicks.</li></ul>



<div class="cta-banner-v2">
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<p class="title">Run your visual and functional tests in the same run using Testsigma</p>
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<h2 id="h-conclusion"><span id="Conclusion"><strong>Conclusion</strong></span></h2>



<p>It is worth noting that both API and UI tests are equally important and complement each other. Both help ensure that an application is working as expected and that it meets the desired quality standards.</p>



<p>With Testsigma, you can avoid the hassle of installing and setting up multiple tools. Testsigma is an all-in-one test automation platform that allows you to perform both UI and API testing in one place, making it easier to manage and maintain your test suite.</p>



<p>I hope this article helped you understand the differences between API vs UI testing, and now you know which testing needs to be done when. Do let me know your thoughts in the comments section.</p>


API vs UI Testing Which One Should You Pick