
<p>Appium is a well-known mobile automation tool for automating native, hybrid, mobile web, and desktop apps. The appium community has come up with a major release in recent years, appium 2.0.0, and has made some considerable changes in making appium a platform where drivers and plugins can coexist independently.</p>



<p><em>In this blog, we will see how we can create an executable file for the appium server.&nbsp;</em></p>



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets"><p class="toc_title">Table Of Contents</p><ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_are_executable_files"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">1</span> What are executable files?</a><ul><li><a href="#Why_do_we_need_executable_files_for_the_appium_server"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">1.1</span> Why do we need executable files for the appium server?</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Installing_Appium_2nbsp"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">2</span> Installing Appium 2:&nbsp;</a><ul><li><ul><li><a href="#Operating_System"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_3">2.0.1</span> Operating System:</a></li><li><a href="#Pre-requisite"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_3">2.0.2</span> Pre-requisite:</a></li><li><a href="#Installation"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_3">2.0.3</span> Installation:</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Starting_Appium"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">3</span> Starting Appium:</a><ul><li><a href="#Installing_Drivers"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">3.1</span> Installing Drivers:</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Starting_Appium_via_exec_file"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">4</span> Starting Appium via exec file:</a><ul><li><a href="#Pre-requisite-2"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">4.1</span> Pre-requisite:</a><ul><li><a href="#Pkg"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_3">4.1.1</span> Pkg:</a></li><li><a href="#Installing_Pkg"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_3">4.1.2</span> Installing Pkg:</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Steps_to_create_an_executable_file"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">4.2</span> Steps to create an executable file:</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Conclusion"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">5</span> Conclusion:</a></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-what-are-executable-files"><span id="What_are_executable_files">What are executable files?</span></h2>



<ul><li>Executable files contain a set of encoded instructions, which execute sequentially once the user clicks on them.</li><li>Executable files are available in all operating systems but with extensions pertaining to that OS. While .exe is the Windows extension for executable files, the macOs executable file does not have any extension.</li></ul>



<h3 id="h-why-do-we-need-executable-files-for-the-appium-server"><span id="Why_do_we_need_executable_files_for_the_appium_server">Why do we need executable files for the appium server?</span></h3>



<p>The <a href="https://github.com/appium/appium-desktop" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">appium desktop</a>, which is basically a GUI for the appium server was used to start/stop the server in appium 1.x. Moreover, the node runtime comes bundled with Appium Desktop which allowed users to use appium without having to install npm or node. But it is no longer compatible with appium 2.0+. And to overcome this, creating an executable file for the appium server is one of the easiest solutions. Apart from this, below are the benefits of having an executable file for the appium server:</p>



<p><strong><em>Easy distribution:</em></strong></p>



<ul><li>Users do not have to worry about having node or npm as a pre-requisite to install appium.&nbsp;</li><li>Once the executable file is built, the same can be used to start the appium on any machine and on any operating system.&nbsp;</li></ul>



<p><strong><em>Easy to start the server:&nbsp;</em></strong></p>



<ul><li>Appium server can be started with just a click on the executable file.&nbsp;</li><li>No need to run commands from the terminal to start the appium server.</li></ul>



<p><strong><em>Easy to deploy:</em></strong></p>



<ul><li>Allows easy deployment on target machines i.e., if you want to install appium on any cloud server, you can simply deploy the exec file.&nbsp;</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-installing-appium-2"><span id="Installing_Appium_2nbsp">Installing Appium 2:&nbsp;</span></h2>



<h4 id="h-operating-system"><span id="Operating_System">Operating System:</span></h4>



<ul><li>Mac os</li></ul>



<h4 id="h-pre-requisite"><span id="Pre-requisite">Pre-requisite:</span></h4>



<ul><li>We are going to use the node package manager to install appium, so make sure you have the node set up on your machine. If you do not have the node, please download it from the below link:<ul><li><a href="https://nodejs.org/en/download" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">https://nodejs.org/en/download</a></li></ul></li><li>I am using node version 16.20.0.</li></ul>



<h4 id="h-installation"><span id="Installation">Installation:</span></h4>



<ul><li>To install appium 2, please use the below command:<ul><li>npm i -g appium@next</li></ul></li></ul>



<h2 id="h-starting-appium"><span id="Starting_Appium">Starting Appium:</span></h2>



<ul><li>Once appium is installed, you can start the server by mentioning “appium” in the terminal.&nbsp;</li></ul><br>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" width="1600" height="245" src="https://testsigma.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/image-112.png" alt="" class="wp-image-29808"/></figure>



<br><ul><li>As I mentioned before, with appium version 2, we need to install the drivers separately. However, this was not the case with appium 1, i.e.<em> </em><em>When we installed Appium 1. x, all available drivers would be installed at the same time as the main Appium server. This is no longer the case.</em></li></ul>



<h3 id="h-installing-drivers"><span id="Installing_Drivers">Installing Drivers:</span></h3>



<ul><li>To find the list of available drivers, use the following command.&nbsp;<ul><li>appium driver list</li></ul></li></ul><br>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" width="990" height="316" src="https://testsigma.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/image-111.png" alt="" class="wp-image-29806"/></figure>



<br><ul><li>To install a specific driver, use the following command.<ul><li>appium driver install &lt;drivername&gt;&nbsp;</li></ul></li></ul><br>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" width="1298" height="172" src="https://testsigma.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/image-109.png" alt="" class="wp-image-29802"/></figure>



<br><ul><li>Now, when you start appium, it starts the server along with the installed drivers.&nbsp;</li></ul><br>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" width="1600" height="292" src="https://testsigma.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/image-110.png" alt="" class="wp-image-29804"/></figure>



<br><p><em>Note: </em><em>By default, appium creates a hidden directory called </em><em>.appium</em><em> inside your user home directory. This will be the location of all the appium drivers that we install. In my case, it would be: “/Users/vikramramalingam/.appium”.</em></p>



<h2 id="h-starting-appium-via-exec-file"><span id="Starting_Appium_via_exec_file">Starting Appium via exec file:</span></h2>



<p>In order to create an executable file for the appium server, we need a command line interface called “<a href="https://github.com/vercel/pkg" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">pkg</a>”.</p>



<h3 id="h-pre-requisite-1"><span id="Pre-requisite-2">Pre-requisite:</span></h3>



<h4 id="h-pkg"><span id="Pkg">Pkg:</span></h4>



<ul><li>A node.js package that can convert your Node.js app into executable files.</li><li>Another advantage of using pkg is, it creates executable files for several target machines at once.</li></ul>



<h4 id="h-installing-pkg"><span id="Installing_Pkg">Installing Pkg:</span></h4>



<ul><li>You can install pkg using the below command:<ul><li>npm install -g pkg</li></ul></li></ul>



<h3 id="h-steps-to-create-an-executable-file"><span id="Steps_to_create_an_executable_file">Steps to create an executable file:</span></h3>



<ul><li>Create a new node js project using the below command<ul><li>npm init</li></ul></li><li>Add appium and pkg as a dependency<ul><li>npm install &#8211;save appium@2.0.0-beta.71</li><li>npm install &#8211;save pkg@5.8.0</li></ul></li><li>Create an index.js file and add the below code, which will start the appium server:</li></ul>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code><styled-code>
const {asyncify} = require('asyncbox');
const appium = require('appium');

if (require.main === module) {
  asyncify(appium.main);
}

module.exports = appium;
</styled-code></code></pre>



<ul><li>Pkg looks for an entry point to the application in the package.json file, so add bin and mention index.js.</li><li>Pkg has options such as targets, assets, and outputPath.<ul><li><strong>targets: </strong>Specify the format for which you want to build your output. For example, I am generating an exec file for node version:node16, Os: macOS, and Arch: arm64. If we don&#8217;t specify the target, Pkg generates an exec file for Windows, Linux, and macOS by default.&nbsp;</li><li><strong>assets: </strong>Asset is where we need to add all the required dependencies. For the appium server, we need to add the axios.cjs path as assets Apart from that I have also added files related to the sharp module, as I was getting errors for the same.&nbsp;</li><li><strong>output path: </strong>Path where the exec file should be placed.&nbsp;</li></ul></li></ul>



<p>After doing the above, the package.json file should look like this:</p>



<styled-code>{

 &#8220;name&#8221;: &#8220;appium&#8221;,

 &#8220;version&#8221;: &#8220;1.0.0&#8221;,

 &#8220;description&#8221;: &#8220;Project to create exec file for appium&#8221;,

 &#8220;bin&#8221;: {

   &#8220;appium&#8221;: &#8220;./index.js&#8221;

 },

 &#8220;scripts&#8221;: {

   &#8220;start&#8221;: &#8220;node ./index.js&#8221;,

   &#8220;test&#8221;: &#8220;echo \&#8221;Error: no test specified\&#8221; &amp;&amp; exit 1&#8243;
},

 &#8220;license&#8221;: &#8220;ISC&#8221;,

 &#8220;dependencies&#8221;: {

   &#8220;appium&#8221;: &#8220;^2.0.0-beta.71&#8221;,

   &#8220;pkg&#8221;: &#8220;^5.8.0&#8221;

 },

 &#8220;pkg&#8221;: {

   &#8220;targets&#8221;: [
     &#8220;node16-macos-arm64&#8221;
   ],
   &#8220;assets&#8221;: [
&#8220;./node_modules/axios/dist/node/axios.cjs&#8221;,&#8221;./node_modules/sharp/build/**&#8221;,&#8221;./node_modules/sharp/vendor/**&#8221;
],
   &#8220;outputPath&#8221;: &#8220;dist&#8221;

 }

}</styled-code>



<br><ul><li>Then give the below command to create an exec file for the appium server<ul><li>pkg package.json</li></ul></li><li>You can ignore the warnings on running the above command and once it is over, in the dist folder, you can find the appium server as an exec file. Double-click on it to start the server.</li></ul><br>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" width="1600" height="269" src="https://testsigma.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/image-113.png" alt="" class="wp-image-29810"/></figure>



<br><ul><li>One important thing to consider before packaging is that, when we try to start the server, appium by default fetches the npm version on the machine and checks if the npm version is compatible to start the server. Because of that, if you try to start the appium server using the exec file we have just created in a machine that does not have npm, it will throw the below error.&nbsp;</li></ul><br>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" width="1294" height="162" src="https://testsigma.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/image-114.png" alt="" class="wp-image-29812"/></figure>



<br><ul><li>To overcome this problem, go inside the appium folder which is present inside the node_modules folder of the project’s working directory, and search for the below methods and comment them out. This will stop appium from looking for the npm version on the target machine.&nbsp;<ul><li>getNpmVersion()</li><li>checkNpmOk()</li></ul></li><li>After doing the above, run the command again to create an executable file, and this time, you will be able to start the server on machines that do not have npm.&nbsp;</li></ul>



<p>It took me some time to figure this out. And having written this article, I hope it will help you get through the process of creating an executable file for the appium server with ease.</p>



<p>All said and done, I would also like to tell you about a <a href="https://testsigma.com/low-code-test-automation" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">low-code test automation platform</a> for web, mobile, APIs, and desktop applications &#8211; Testsigma.&nbsp; I, along with my team, at Testsigma, am working on some interesting innovations in the field of test automation and would definitely like you to check it out here: <a href="https://testsigma.com/signup" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://testsigma.com/signup</a>.&nbsp;</p>



<h2 id="h-conclusion"><span id="Conclusion">Conclusion:</span></h2>



<p>Creating an executable file for the appium server not only helps you with starting/stopping the server but also with easy installation and distribution.</p>



<p>Happy Testing!!</p>


Creating an executable file for Appium Server


<p>Imagine you&#8217;re a chef cooking up a delicious meal for your guests. You&#8217;ve planned out your ingredients and recipe, but before you start cooking, you need to make sure your kitchen is organized and all the kitchen tools and accessories you need is within reach. This is where test implementation comes in, the crucial stage of software testing where the test plan is put into action. Just like a chef, the test manager should ensure that everything required for testing is ready and testers can start testing.</p>



<p>In this article, we will discuss what test implementation is and its pros and cons in detail. Let&#8217;s get started.</p>



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets"><p class="toc_title">Table Of Contents</p><ul class="toc_list"><ul><li><a href="#What_is_Test_Implementation"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">0.1</span> What is Test Implementation?</a></li><li><a href="#Responsibilities_of_a_Test_Manager_in_the_Test_Implementation_Phase"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">0.2</span> Responsibilities of a Test Manager in the Test Implementation Phase</a></li><li><a href="#Test_Implementation_and_Test_Automation"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">0.3</span> Test Implementation and Test Automation</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Disadvantages_of_Early_Test_Implementation"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">1</span> Disadvantages of Early Test Implementation</a></li><li><a href="#Advantages_of_Early_Test_Implementation"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">2</span> Advantages of Early Test Implementation</a></li><li><a href="#Major_Tasks_Involved_In_Test_Implementation"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">3</span> Major Tasks Involved In Test Implementation</a></li><li><a href="#Summary"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">4</span> Summary</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">5</span> Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li><a href="#How_do_you_implement_software_testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">5.1</span> How do you implement software testing?</a></li><li><a href="#What_is_the_implementation_and_testing_phase"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">5.2</span> What is the implementation and testing phase?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h3 id="h-what-is-test-implementation"><span id="What_is_Test_Implementation"><strong>What is Test Implementation?</strong></span></h3>



<p>Test implementation is a process of organizing and prioritizing tests and creating test data. Sometimes, if necessary, it also involves preparing test harnesses and creating automated test scripts.</p>



<p>During this stage, the Test Analyst or Test Manager makes sure that all the prerequisites are handled to initiate the test execution. They then implement the test designs as test cases, test procedures, and test data, which are then executed to verify the functionality of the software.</p>



<p>It is crucial to choose the right tests and execute them in the right order. Also, this is vital while using risk-based strategies, where testers prioritize tests based on the risks and problems.</p>



<p>If you are following the <a href="https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/829/3787/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">IEEE829</a> standard, then you must define the below parameters too,</p>



<ul><li>Test inputs</li><li>Expected test results, and</li><li>Steps to follow for each test process</li></ul>



<p>These will be documented together, and test data will be stored in database tables, flat files, etc.</p>



<h3 id="h-responsibilities-of-a-test-manager-in-the-test-implementation-phase"><span id="Responsibilities_of_a_Test_Manager_in_the_Test_Implementation_Phase">Responsibilities of a Test Manager in the Test Implementation Phase</span></h3>



<p>Another important part of the implementation phase is that the Test Manager should ensure that the testing team is ready to execute the test design.</p>



<p>The following are some of the responsibilities of a Test Manager in this phase:</p>



<ul><li>Ensuring that all the test procedures are organized and available to testers.</li><li>A guideline of who will execute what test cases, when, and test data for testing.</li><li>Finalizing the timeline of test execution</li><li>Ensuring that the tools to be used by testers are in place</li><li>Ensuring that the test environment for executing test data is in place</li><li>Are the test cases documented and reviewed?</li><li>Ensuring that the test environment is configured to the guidelines</li><li>Preparing a schedule for test execution, describing the order for execution of manual and automated tests.</li><li>Checking for constraints like risks and priorities</li></ul>



<h3 id="h-test-implementation-and-test-automation"><span id="Test_Implementation_and_Test_Automation"><strong>Test Implementation and Test Automation</strong></span></h3>



<p>Test implementation is not just about manual testing. It involves creating automated testing scripts as well. Automated testing should be properly implemented to ensure a good ROI (Return on Investment).In this stage, the Test Managers define the priority and the execution order of the manual and automation tests. Not just that, even the acquisition of tools required for testing, like automation testing tool, test data generation tool, framework, and more, is done in this stage.</p>



<p><p style="padding-bottom:30px"><a href="https://testsigma.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Testsigma</a> is a powerful test automation platform that lets you automate web, mobile, and desktop apps and APIs in one place. It allows you to create test cases in plain English statements as it supports <strong>Natural Language Processing</strong>. This makes editing, removing, or updating the test cases at any stage very easy.</p></p>



<figure class="wp-block-image"><img src="https://images.storychief.com/account_36412/image_f1855eb8fb739a48289f4b0c8e435912_2000.png" alt="Testsigma"/></figure>



<p><p style="padding-top:30px">The following are some of the <a href="https://testsigma.com/features">features of Testsigma</a>,</p></p>



<ul><li>It is a no-code platform, so no coding skills are required for testing. You can create test cases using NLPs.</li></ul><br>



<figure class="wp-block-image"><img src="https://images.storychief.com/account_36412/image_6c6ab8cbfc26693ac18bfe6e0a4dadfe_2000.png" alt="Testsigma - Test Automation Platform"/></figure>



<br><ul><li>With Testsigma, you can <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/roi-test-automation/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">achieve a good ROI</a> quickly.</li><li>It is also available as an <a href="https://github.com/testsigmahq/testsigma" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">open-source</a> and free version.</li><li>You can perform cross-browser testing, <a href="https://testsigma.com/automated-api-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">API testing</a>, UI testing, integration testing, regression testing, end-to-end testing, and more in one place.</li><li>It makes testing 10x faster than traditional testing methods.</li><li>If you go for the Testsigma Cloud version, you can start with test automation in 2 minutes without the need to install anything on your end.</li><li>Easily create and maintain tests on the cloud.</li><li>Extended customer support via chat, email, phone, and community.</li><li>Offers third-party integrations with multiple tools like Jenkins, CircleCI, and more.</li></ul><br>



<p><button class="btn bg-primary cta-btn" style="display: block;
    margin: auto;"><a href="https://testsigma.com/signup" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color:#fff">Start automating your tests using Testsigma Cloud for free using the 30-day free trial.</a></button></p>



<br><h2 id="h-disadvantages-of-early-test-implementation"><span id="Disadvantages_of_Early_Test_Implementation">Disadvantages of Early Test Implementation</span></h2>



<p>The following are some of the drawbacks of implementing the tests early,</p>



<ul><li>When an Agile software development life cycle is used for software development, then the code might undergo multiple changes between consecutive iterations. This will make the entire test implementation ineffective.</li><li>Not just the Agile life cycle, using an iterative software development lifecycle will also affect the code between iterations.</li><li>The above scenarios will make the predefined tests obsolete and might require continuous maintenance.</li><li>Even while using a sequential life cycle like the Waterfall model for product development, if the project is not managed properly and if the requirements keep changing later, then early test implementation is ineffective.</li></ul>



<p>Hence, the Test Manager must consider the below factors before the test implementation process,</p>



<ul><li>Identify the type of Software development life cycle used for product development</li><li>Features that require testing</li><li>Define how frequently the requirements may change in the later stages of the project lifecycle</li><li>Possibility of code changes between two iterations</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-advantages-of-early-test-implementation"><span id="Advantages_of_Early_Test_Implementation">Advantages of Early Test Implementation</span></h2>



<p>Early test implementation is a good practice. Let&#8217;s discuss some of the advantages of early test implementation,</p>



<ul><li>Concrete test cases provide practical examples of how the application behaves.</li><li>Also, domain experts find it simple and easy to verify concrete tests rather than non-concrete business rules.</li><li>It helps identify any weaknesses in software specifications.</li><li>It further promotes collaboration between testers, developers, and other members of the project team.</li></ul>



<p><em>Note &#8211; If you&#8217;re wondering what a concrete test case is, a concrete test case is a specific test scenario with predefined input values, expected results, and execution steps.</em></p>



<h2 id="h-major-tasks-involved-in-test-implementation"><span id="Major_Tasks_Involved_In_Test_Implementation">Major Tasks Involved In Test Implementation</span></h2>



<p>The following are some of the major tasks involved in test implementation,</p>



<ul><li>Develop and prioritize test procedures.</li><li>Prepare <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-harness/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Test Harness</a></li><li>Create test suites from test procedures.</li><li>Prepare test data for test execution.</li><li>Finalize, implement, and prioritize test cases.</li><li>Create automated test scripts. Using a powerful test automation platform like Testsigma, you can create test steps using simple language or use Java to test certain scenarios that might require coding.</li><li>Set up the test environment and verify that everything is configured correctly.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-summary"><span id="Summary">Summary</span></h2>



<p>Test implementation is a critical stage in the software testing process. The implementation of tests early in the development process can help detect bugs early, which can save time and resources while improving overall quality.</p>



<p>So, just like how a well-organized kitchen sets the stage for a successful meal, proper test implementation sets the stage for a successful software release.</p>



<h2 id="h-frequently-asked-questions"><span id="Frequently_Asked_Questions">Frequently Asked Questions</span></h2>



<h3 id="h-how-do-you-implement-software-testing"><span id="How_do_you_implement_software_testing">How do you implement software testing?</span></h3>



<p>Test implementation is the process of prioritizing and organizing tests. The implementation of software testing involves several steps, like planning the tests, designing test data, creating test cases, prioritizing the tests based on risks, finalizing the timeline for testing, test execution schedule, acquisition of testing tools, and so on.</p>



<h3 id="h-what-is-the-implementation-and-testing-phase"><span id="What_is_the_implementation_and_testing_phase">What is the implementation and testing phase?</span></h3>



<p>The implementation and testing phase is a stage in the software development life cycle (SDLC) where the software testing plan is created, implemented, and executed. This helps ensure that the application meets the requirements and works as intended.</p>


Test Implementation in Software Testing - An Overview

Test Implementation in Software Testing – An Overview

Database Testing: A Complete Guide With Examples

Database Testing: What it is, Why & Best Practices


<p><em>A clean test script is a good test script.</em></p>



<p><em>But a well-maintained test script is the best.</em></p>



<p>And while developers work hard to add/update application features, the well-maintained test scripts pick out tiny mistakes that slip into the code. You can turn to <a href="https://testsigma.com/automated-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">automation testing</a> to fix the mistakes in the software, but what if the test cases themselves are wrong? Maintenance testing helps here. It keeps the tests up to date, ensures AUT quality, and increases overall test coverage. Both manual and automation tests require regular maintenance. And for this blog, we will focus on the latter and discuss all the possible scenarios you can implement to maintain your automation tests.</p>



<p>Here’s our take on test maintenance and why you should think sincerely about implementing it for your business.</p>



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets"><p class="toc_title">Table Of Contents</p><ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_is_Test_Maintenance"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">1</span> What is Test Maintenance?</a></li><li><a href="#Why_is_Test_Maintenance_Crucial_to_Software_Development"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">2</span> Why is Test Maintenance Crucial to Software Development?</a></li><li><a href="#Types_Of_Maintenance_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">3</span> Types Of Maintenance Testing</a><ul><li><a href="#Confirmation_Maintenance_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">3.1</span> Confirmation Maintenance Testing</a></li><li><a href="#Regression_Maintenance_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">3.2</span> Regression Maintenance Testing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#How_Do_You_Maintain_a_Test"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">4</span> How Do You Maintain a Test?</a></li><li><a href="#What_are_Some_Best_Practices_for_Test_Maintenance"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">5</span> What are Some Best Practices for Test Maintenance?</a></li><li><a href="#What_are_the_Main_Challenges_of_Test_Maintenance"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">6</span> What are the Main Challenges of Test Maintenance?</a></li><li><a href="#How_Does_Testsigma_Make_Maintenance_of_Automated_Test_Cases_Easy"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">7</span> How Does Testsigma Make Maintenance of Automated Test Cases Easy?</a></li><li><a href="#Conclusion"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">8</span> Conclusion</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">9</span> Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)</a><ul><li><a href="#When_should_maintenance_testing_occur"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">9.1</span> When should maintenance testing occur?</a></li><li><a href="#What_is_the_importance_of_test_maintenance"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">9.2</span> What is the importance of test maintenance?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-what-is-test-maintenance"><span id="What_is_Test_Maintenance"><strong>What is Test Maintenance?</strong></span></h2>



<p>Test maintenance is the process of repairing test cases so they stay updated with continuous code changes. </p>



<p>Often, businesses have codes that keep changing as new updates get added to the application. Test maintenance ensures that your test script, manual or automation, stays up to date with the changes in code. With regular test maintenance, your business will save costs and time with high-quality tests by your side. For example, if the identifying attribute of a UI element (Id or class or Xpath) changes, even the test needs to accommodate that change to avoid failure.</p>



<p>There are multiple tools you can use for test automation. Some of those tools have features that reduce the test maintenance time, like Testsigma. Testsigma supports self-healing. It automatically detects the changes in the attributes of web elements and updates them so that tests don’t fail. Keep reading, and you will learn how Testsigma keeps your test cases up-to-date with the changes made in the code.</p>



<h2 id="h-why-is-test-maintenance-crucial-to-software-development"><span id="Why_is_Test_Maintenance_Crucial_to_Software_Development"><strong>Why is Test Maintenance Crucial to Software Development?</strong></span></h2>



<p>Test maintenance is crucial because it lowers the time and cost of writing tests. With test maintenance, you don’t need to keep working on new tests; add/delete the information from the existing ones. It simplifies testing, consistently maintains test quality, and improves automation testing scripts to run complex tests.</p>



<h2 id="h-types-of-maintenance-testing"><span id="Types_Of_Maintenance_Testing"><strong>Types Of Maintenance Testing</strong></span></h2>



<p>When working on maintaining tests, there are two types of maintenance testing every tester needs to work on:</p>



<h3 id="h-confirmation-maintenance-testing"><span id="Confirmation_Maintenance_Testing">Confirmation Maintenance Testing</span></h3>



<p>This maintenance testing type checks the modified code. While conducting this type of maintenance testing, you need to monitor every small and big modification in the code to ensure there are no functionality or downtime issues. Read more about <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/confirmation-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Confirmation testing</a></p>



<h3 id="h-regression-maintenance-testing"><span id="Regression_Maintenance_Testing">Regression Maintenance Testing</span></h3>



<p>This type focuses on testing the existing functionality and comes after the confirmation maintenance testing phase. It checks the complete software after the code change to ensure the existing functions do not encounter any issues. It is called <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/automated-regression-testing-challenges-agile/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Regression testing</a>.</p>



<h2 id="h-how-do-you-maintain-a-test"><span id="How_Do_You_Maintain_a_Test"><strong>How Do You Maintain a Test?</strong></span></h2>



<p>To maintain a test, you can keep changing the script to follow the code changes. Just monitor the modifications in the code and change the data/steps in the test script accordingly. But do you think this is a feasible way to maintain a test? What if a major release influences multiple areas of the application, and you would need to change every test script manually? The process seems tedious and highly time-consuming, and even prone to errors. And manually maintaining the scripts is not the right approach in the long term. But whatever your case, manual or automation, here are some of the best practices for you to follow when maintaining a test is not a one-man&#8217;s job.</p>



<h2 id="h-what-are-some-best-practices-for-test-maintenance"><span id="What_are_Some_Best_Practices_for_Test_Maintenance"><strong>What are Some Best Practices for Test Maintenance?</strong></span></h2>



<p>Below are some simple steps that make test maintenance easy:</p>



<ul><li>Build a clear and accessible test maintenance design where team members can easily communicate. You can achieve this by meticulously planning the test cycles and utilizing all the resources available to you. For example, if a tester worked on a test script for a certain feature, keeping everyone in the loop and being open to adapting changes to the test plan will help your team in maintenance testing.</li><li>Use a standard template for all test cases during automation</li><li>Try to create reusable tests or use a tool that supports reusability</li><li>Add testing as a critical part of SDLC during the development itself. This means adopting the <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/how-does-testsigma-support-the-shift-left-approach/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">shift-left testing technique</a> and going for CI/CD approach.</li><li>Write test cases and scripts with maximum coverage in the first instance, so you won’t have to keep adding new data for every small code change.</li><li>Run regular technical reviews of your test cases/scripts every month/quarter to find missing cases.</li><li>Add test steps that focus on what users will see and experience rather than going deep to the code level because sometimes, even when the program is right visual elements are missing on the page.</li><li>Keep updating changes on the go in your tests as you change your code.</li><li>To save time and get more work done, go for a no-code test automation tool, such as Testsigma, that comes with a lot of features to reduce test maintenance time. We will talk more about it in the sections below.</li></ul>



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<h2 id="h-what-are-the-main-challenges-of-test-maintenance"><span id="What_are_the_Main_Challenges_of_Test_Maintenance"><strong>What are the Main Challenges of Test Maintenance?</strong></span></h2>



<p>Here are some of the common challenges you might encounter while working on test maintenance:</p>



<ul><li>Your team might find it difficult to manage the cost and time of maintaining the tests if they are not equipped with the right tools and knowledge.</li><li>It becomes challenging if you do not find a test automation tool that can analyze false positives/flaky tests.</li><li>Poor or delayed communication between the developers and testers can compromise the test maintenance process and make it difficult to keep the tests on track with the code changes.</li><li>Your team will come across issues with testing tools that do not have the capability to detect GUI objects and the changes thereafter.</li><li>There might come situations where there is a skill gap in testers/developers to understand the requirement and maintain the tests either manually or using tools.</li></ul>



<p>And all these challenges might be difficult to surpass, but with the right tool like Testsigma, you can lower or even eliminate some of them.</p>



<h2 id="h-how-does-testsigma-make-maintenance-of-automated-test-cases-easy"><span id="How_Does_Testsigma_Make_Maintenance_of_Automated_Test_Cases_Easy"><strong>How Does Testsigma Make Maintenance of Automated Test Cases Easy?</strong></span></h2>



<p>By now, we know that maintenance testing is extensive but possible. But what if we told you that it need not be as stressful? It is possible with the help of a feature called Self-healing. Testsigma supports the self-healing of test cases. </p>



<p>Here are some ways in which Testsigma makes maintenance of automated test cases easy:</p>



<p>1. Self-healing: As mentioned earlier, Testsigma&#8217;s self-healing feature is a game-changer. It uses <a href="https://testsigma.com/ai-driven-test-automation" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">AI-powered automation</a> to determine any changes made to web elements in the source code and resolves them on its own, preventing the test cases from failing. This means that even if there are minor changes in the web application, the test cases will continue to function without any manual intervention.</p>



<p>2. Reusability: Testsigma allows you to create reusable test cases, which can be used across multiple projects and releases. This not only saves time and effort but also ensures that the test cases are consistent and reliable.</p>



<p>3. Easy Maintenance: Testsigma&#8217;s intuitive interface makes it easy to maintain test cases. The platform allows you to update test cases quickly and efficiently, ensuring that they remain up-to-date and relevant.</p>



<p>4. Collaboration: Testsigma allows multiple team members to work on the same test cases simultaneously, making it easy to collaborate and ensure that the test cases are accurate and reliable.</p>



<p>5. Comprehensive Reporting: Testsigma provides comprehensive reporting, which helps you identify issues and areas that require attention. The reporting feature also allows you to track progress and measure the effectiveness of your test cases.</p>



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<p></p>



<h2 id="h-conclusion"><span id="Conclusion"><strong>Conclusion</strong></span></h2>



<p>Developers keep changing the code regularly. New features come up, UI undergoes changes, and users request modifications &#8211; many such activities require code changes. With these changes, the tests need to be modified too. This is when maintenance testing comes into the picture. With regular test maintenance &#8211; automated test cases can help catch bugs on the latest code too. Thus, test maintenance can take a lot of time if not managed well. A part of the problem can be solved by choosing a test automation tool that supports test maintenance. Testsigma is one such tool with features such as:</p>



<ul><li>Easy-to-edit test steps</li><li>Self-healing test cases</li><li>Reusable test steps</li></ul>



<p>Not only this, Testsigma is a low-code test automation tool that makes your test authoring 10x faster. And lets you automate tests for web, mobile, Desktop, and APIs from the same place.</p>



<h2 id="h-frequently-asked-questions-faqs"><span id="Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs"><strong>Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)</strong></span></h2>



<h3 id="h-when-should-maintenance-testing-occur"><span id="When_should_maintenance_testing_occur">When should maintenance testing occur?</span></h3>



<p>Maintenance testing should occur after deploying and delivering the application to the end users. It is a sort of customer service that listens to user queries and fixes the issues encountered by them.</p>



<h3 id="h-what-is-the-importance-of-test-maintenance"><span id="What_is_the_importance_of_test_maintenance">What is the importance of test maintenance?</span></h3>



<p>The importance of test maintenance lies in saving time and cost. It helps to keep tests up-to-date with every source code change and eliminates the need to write new test cases in such situations.</p>


Test Maintenance: Guide On How to Maintain Automated Tests


<p>Today, all applications run on API. It connects one microservice to another, clients with servers, and runs the most basic yet essential application services. Clearly, a well-oiled API is imperative to ensure the smooth functioning of every system.</p>



<p>If API breaks down, the complete user experience and application are put at risk. And only proper API testing can secure the system from such downtime possibilities. We bring you this blog to talk about API testing, its components, and sample test cases for API testing. A sample API test case template is also provided to guide you through the complete testing process. Further, the idea is to help you realize why automation might be the right option when it comes to testing APIs.</p>



<p>But let&#8217;s get a brief about API testing first.</p>



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets"><p class="toc_title">Table Of Contents</p><ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_is_API_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">1</span> What is API Testing?</a></li><li><a href="#Generic_Test_Cases_for_API_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">2</span> Generic Test Cases for API Testing</a></li><li><a href="#Sample_API_Testing_Test_Case_template"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">3</span> Sample API Testing Test Case template</a></li><li><a href="#Automating_your_API_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">4</span> Automating your API Testing</a><ul><li><a href="#Benefits_of_Automating_API_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">4.1</span> Benefits of Automating API Testing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#How_Testsigma_Simplifies_Automation_of_API_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">5</span> How Testsigma Simplifies Automation of API Testing?</a></li><li><a href="#Conclusion"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">6</span> Conclusion</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">7</span> Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)</a><ul><li><a href="#What_is_the_best_way_to_test_API"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">7.1</span> What is the best way to test API?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-what-is-api-testing"><span id="What_is_API_Testing">What is API Testing?</span></h2>



<p>API testing is a type of software testing that undertakes the verification of application programming interfaces (APIs). The process involves checking APIs as individual components of the software and as integrated pieces that fulfill the required functionality in the application.</p>



<p>Other types of testing, such as Integration testing, Security testing, Reliability testing, Performance testing, and Functional testing come under API testing as well. As APIs run the most critical sections of every application, every different stage of testing includes <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/advantages-of-api-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">API testing</a> as a segment. It might include writing test cases for API testing to run them manually or automatically to verify the performance, functionality, integration, and security of the software.</p>



<p>Different APIs might require distinct test cases, input/output, and approaches for testing. For instance, <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/rest-api-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">REST APIs</a> and SOAP APIs are two different types of APIs, and performing REST API testing might differ from <a href="https://blog.dreamfactory.com/how-do-you-test-a-soap-and-rest-service/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">executing SOAP API testing</a>. But for now, we will discuss generic API test cases you can go through before making them highly specific.</p>



<h2 id="h-generic-test-cases-for-api-testing"><span id="Generic_Test_Cases_for_API_Testing">Generic Test Cases for API Testing</span></h2>



<p>While API test cases will differ based on your requirement and application functionality, there are a few general steps that you will probably find in every test case for API testing. Here is a series of generic test cases for you to understand better.</p>



<ul><li>Validate the API keys for minimum and maximum range/length</li><li>Verify that these keys are answering the call requests if you are using JSON or XML APIs in your application</li><li>Create a separate test case to validate XML and JSON Schema</li><li>Verify the Parse response to parse out portions of the response data returned from the server</li><li>Check the JSON Schema validation, the Field Type, and the Mandatory Fields</li><li>Validate the Response headers and Negative Testcases response</li><li>Identify and verify the handling of API error codes</li><li>Verify the HTTP response and its code status</li><li>Validate Response payload to determine their format and readability factor</li><li>Test request chaining to identify the working of multiple APIs together</li><li>Verify APIs with input parameters.</li><li>Validate end-to-end CRUD (create, read, update, and delete) flow for application API</li><li>Check database integrity test cases</li><li>Verify file upload test cases</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-sample-api-testing-test-case-template"><span id="Sample_API_Testing_Test_Case_template">Sample API Testing Test Case template</span></h2>



<p>Applications and websites use multiple API calls at every stage. One of the prime examples of an API call is performing the login functionality using third-party services, such as Google, Yahoo!, or Facebook. Whenever you choose to sign into an application or a website using your Google details rather than within the app option, you <a href="https://developers.google.com/apis-explorer" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">trigger an API request</a>. This implies the online platform has an existing agreement with Google to access the information already supplied and available to them. Such API calls require proper testing and validation before being released to users.</p>



<p>We are taking the same example to write a sample test case for API testing for testing purposes, which is going to test the APIs in the backend.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-table"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Sl.No</strong></td><td><strong>Test Case Title</strong></td><td><strong>Priority</strong></td><td><strong>Severity</strong></td><td><strong>Steps</strong></td><td><strong>Expected Result</strong></td><td><strong>Actual Result</strong></td><td><strong>Status</strong></td></tr><tr><td>1</td><td>Checking Google login functionality using valid users</td><td>High</td><td>High</td><td>1. Navigate to the application/website login page <br>2. Click on the Google icon present on that page for login <br>3. A prompt will appear. Select &#8216;Proceed&#8217; or &#8216;Confirm&#8217; the Google username for signing in <br>4. The application should allow the process and take you to the dashboard/homepage</td><td>Log in process successful</td><td>Fill based on observation</td><td>Pass/Fail</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>Checking Google login functionality using invalid users</td><td>High</td><td>High</td><td>1. Navigate to the application/website login page <br>2. Click on the Google icon present on that page for login <br>3. A prompt will appear. Select &#8216;Add a New Account&#8217; to add another Google account to sign in <br>4. Add a Google account with the existing username but wrong password <br>5. A prompt will appear. Select &#8216;Proceed&#8217; or &#8216;Confirm&#8217; the Google username for signing in</td><td>The application should not allow you to process the request and must ask you to sign up using the same Google account before logging in</td><td>Fill based on observation</td><td>Pass/Fail</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Checking Google login functionality for new users</td><td>High</td><td>High</td><td>1. Navigate to the application/website login page <br>2. Click on the Google icon present on that page for login <br>3. A prompt will appear. Select &#8216;Add a New Account&#8217; to add another Google account to sign in <br>4. Add a new Google account <br>5. Go to the sign up page of the application and sign up using the new Google account details <br>6. A prompt will appear. Select &#8216;Proceed&#8217; or &#8216;Confirm&#8217; the Google username for signing in</td><td>The application should allow you to process the request and direct you to the dashboard/homepage</td><td>Fill based on observation</td><td>Pass/Fail</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>



<p>Let’s take another example of validating the Response headers, which is mentioned in the above section. The header part consists of ‘metadata,’ including the Content-Type attribute that makes us understand how to interpret the data of the response body. Thus, if the response body consists of JSON data, the content-type attribute in the header will be application/json. And, if there is XML data in the body is XML, the content-type header will be application/xml. You can run the API URL on an automation tool or a framework to execute the test cases and receive the response.</p>



<h2 id="h-automating-your-api-testing"><span id="Automating_your_API_Testing">Automating your API Testing</span></h2>



<p>Up until now, we were primarily discussing manual API testing, and the template also contains test cases to execute the steps. But there are ways to automate your API testing test cases to save a considerable amount of time and money. Not only that, but automating test cases for API testing will also decrease accuracy issues by a huge percentage and direct your employees&#8217; manual labor toward other productive business elements. One primary aspect to be mindful of is: when to make the transition from manual to automation testing. It is advised to switch when your test cases are frequently executed and take too much of time in manually executing.</p>



<p>There are numerous <a href="https://testsigma.com/api-testing-tools">API testing tools</a> that support verifying the APIs and collecting relevant output information to extend your QA efforts without giving it much time.</p>



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<h3 id="h-benefits-of-automating-api-testing"><span id="Benefits_of_Automating_API_Testing">Benefits of Automating API Testing</span></h3>



<p>There are multiple benefits of automating API testing test cases besides saving time, money, and energy:</p>



<ul><li>Automation offers better test coverage</li><li>Allows for faster bug fixes</li><li>Offers quick response time</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-how-testsigma-simplifies-automation-of-api-testing"><span id="How_Testsigma_Simplifies_Automation_of_API_Testing">How Testsigma Simplifies Automation of API Testing?</span></h2><br>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter is-resized"><img loading="lazy" src="https://images.storychief.com/account_36412/restapitesting_15459efb72e92c3ef3d24a983723fd04_2000.jpg" alt="Test Cases for API Testing - Testsigma" width="800" height="400" /></figure></div>



<p><p style="padding-top:30px">Automating API testing takes a lot less time than when it is done manually. But writing test scripts might still require an understanding of programming languages and time. Not to mention the coding would need extended attention if any syntax issue arises. Enter Testsigma, a no-code test automation platform with its intuitive user interface and API testing support. Here are all the ways Testsigma simplifies <a href="https://testsigma.com/automated-api-testing">automating API testing</a>:</p></p>



<ul><li><a href="https://testsigma.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Testsigma</a> tests all API methods and runs parameterized REST API verification on autopilot</li><li>It validates API responses and stores the response data for future reuse</li><li>It offers a no-code API testing option through many NLPs that you can use to request API calls and check their functioning</li><li>The tool’s end-to-end testing capability brings functional UI and API testing together</li><li>Not only APIs, you can also automate your tests for web, mobile, and desktop with Testsigma</li></ul>



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<h2 id="h-conclusion"><span id="Conclusion">Conclusion</span></h2>



<p>APIs are integral to every modern application, and their testing is far more essential than realized before. This blog explores the widespread possibility of performing API testing. And provides sample test cases for API testing that you can use as a template for your own use. Simply copy the sheet into your system and add API test cases that correspond to your testing requirement. The next phase of the blog talks about automating these test cases using tools. Most of them are code-based and provide huge support in saving time and money. And we further dive into our tool, Testsigma, which also offers API testing without any coding requirement. From integrating it with other third-party tools to executing end-to-end testing incorporating API verification, Testsigma does everything using NLP statements.</p>



<h2 id="h-frequently-asked-questions-faqs"><span id="Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs">Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)</span></h2>



<h3 id="h-what-is-the-best-way-to-test-api"><span id="What_is_the_best_way_to_test_API">What is the best way to test API?</span></h3>



<p>You can test APIs manually or automatically. Automating your APIs makes sense if you run your API tests frequently and you see an ROI post automation.Go for automation tools that offer extended capabilities. You can follow the steps as specified in the tools you are using, or you can develop a general <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/api-testing-checklist/">series of steps to perform API testing</a>: <strong><em>Understand the API &gt;&gt; Create a test suite &gt;&gt; Analyze the results &gt;&gt; Integrate with DevOps as per your need</em></strong></p>





Automated API Testing
https://testsigma.com/automated-api-testing


API Testing
https://testsigma.com/guides/api-testing/


Rest API Testing
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Top 10 Mobile Test Automation Frameworks


<p><a href="https://testsigma.com/automated-api-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">API testing</a> is essential to ensure that APIs are functionally correct and reliable. This article aims to introduce performance testing for APIs.</p>



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets"><p class="toc_title">Table Of Contents</p><ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_is_API_Performance_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">1</span> What is API Performance Testing?</a></li><li><a href="#Why_Performance_Test_Your_API"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">2</span> Why Performance Test Your API?</a></li><li><a href="#API_Performance_Testing_Types"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">3</span> API Performance Testing Types</a></li><li><a href="#Ways_of_Measuring_Your_API8217s_Performance"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">4</span> Ways of Measuring Your API&#8217;s Performance</a><ul><li><a href="#Passive_API_Monitoring"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">4.1</span> Passive API Monitoring</a></li><li><a href="#Active_API_Monitoring"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">4.2</span> Active API Monitoring</a></li><li><a href="#API_Load_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">4.3</span> API Load Testing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Recommendations_for_API_performance_testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">5</span> Recommendations for API performance testing</a></li><li><a href="#Conclusion"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">6</span> Conclusion</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">7</span> Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li><a href="#Which_tool_is_best_for_API_performance_testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">7.1</span> Which tool is best for API performance testing?</a></li><li><a href="#What_is_the_difference_between_API_load_testing_and_performance_testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">7.2</span> What is the difference between API load testing and performance testing?</a></li><li><a href="#How_do_I_test_REST_API_performance"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">7.3</span> How do I test REST API performance?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-what-is-api-performance-testing"><span id="What_is_API_Performance_Testing"><strong>What is API Performance Testing?</strong></span></h2>



<p>API performance testing evaluates an application programming interface (API) to assess its ability to handle high loads. Also, to maintain high-performance levels under varying conditions.</p>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" src="https://testsigma.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/api-performance-testing_in-article.jpg" alt="API Performance Testing" class="wp-image-27944" width="600" height="400" /></figure></div>



<p>Here are some key points related to API performance testing, that you know about:</p>



<ol><li><strong>Goal of API performance testing</strong>: API performance testing evaluates the API&#8217;s responsiveness, throughput, resource utilization, and scalability. This ensures it can meet the expected load and maintain stability and reliability.</li><li><strong>Environment’s role in testing</strong>: Testers simulate high loads and extreme conditions to analyze the API&#8217;s performance. Tester also tests if it is scalable and optimized to handle such loads.</li><li><strong>Various Testing methods</strong>: Testers use performance testing tools that simulate user loads, monitor network traffic, analyze response times &amp; other metrics, and identify bottlenecks.</li><li><strong>Metrics</strong>: Testers measure the API&#8217;s performance based on various metrics, including response times, request volumes, error rates, and other characteristics associated with the application and user behavior.</li><li><strong>Importance</strong>: API performance testing helps improve the application&#8217;s overall performance and stability.</li><li><strong>Role of Analysis and reporting</strong>: Testers analyze API performance data and generate reports. It provides valuable insights into the API&#8217;s overall performance, identifying areas of strength and weakness.</li></ol>



<h2 id="h-why-performance-test-your-api"><span id="Why_Performance_Test_Your_API"><strong>Why Performance Test Your API?</strong></span></h2>



<p>When learning something new, asking a &#8220;why&#8221; question is beneficial. Doing so can help to facilitate further research and understanding. Today, as we learn about API performance testing, it is essential to recognize the significance of this process.</p>



<ol><li>It can help you identify and troubleshoot bottlenecks, discover performance issues, determine the impact of changes, and measure overall performance.</li><li>It can also help you understand how your API will handle different types of traffic. This enables you to anticipate and plan for peak loads.</li><li>By testing your API before deployment, you can ensure that your API is flexible and can handle the demands of the real world.</li></ol>



<h2 id="h-api-performance-testing-types"><span id="API_Performance_Testing_Types"><strong>API Performance Testing Types</strong></span></h2>



<p>It is time to learn about the various types of API performance testing. Here we go:</p>



<ol><li><a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/load-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Load Testing</a>: In this testing, the maximum operating capacity of the application was identified. The testing involved analyzing the application&#8217;s performance when exposed to a specific load.</li><li>Endurance Testing: The stability and reliability of an application are set through Endurance Testing, also known as <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/soak-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Soak Testing</a>. It helps to determine if the application can handle continuous usage without any problems for long durations.</li><li><a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/software-stress-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Stress Testing</a>: We understand how an application behaves when pushed further to its normal capacity by performing stress testing. It helps to identify the breaking point of an application and determine if it can handle extreme loads.</li><li>Spike Testing: This type of performance testing evaluates how an application responds when a sudden increase or decrease in user load. This often happens during promotional campaigns or holidays.</li><li><a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/volume-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Volume Testing</a>: This type of performance testing evaluates how an application performs when large amounts of data are processed simultaneously. It can happen during data migration or bulk uploads/downloads from databases.</li></ol>



<h2 id="h-ways-of-measuring-your-api-s-performance"><span id="Ways_of_Measuring_Your_API8217s_Performance"><strong>Ways of Measuring Your API&#8217;s Performance</strong></span></h2>



<p>API performance can be measured by:</p>



<ul><li>Tracking response times,</li><li>Monitoring errors and latency,</li><li>Testing for scalability, and</li><li>at last, is using analytics tools to track usage.</li></ul>



<p><strong>Let&#8217;s have a look at these metrics briefly.</strong></p>



<ol><li>Response time is one of the most important metrics for measuring API performance. Because it provides insight into how quickly the API can respond to requests.</li><li>Monitoring errors and latency can also provide valuable insights into the performance of the API. Tracking errors allows testers to identify user experience issues and ensure that the API functions consistently and correctly.</li><li>Testing for scalability allows you to ensure that your API can handle increased traffic or usage without becoming overloaded. (Slowing down)</li><li>Finally, the analytics tools can track usage patterns. This helps to identify areas for improvement.</li></ol>



<p>By utilizing these methods, you can better understand your API&#8217;s performance and make any required adjustments to improve its performance.</p>



<h3 id="h-passive-api-monitoring"><span id="Passive_API_Monitoring"><strong>Passive API Monitoring</strong></span></h3>



<p>Passive API monitoring analyzes the network traffic and data transactions within an API to identify potential issues, bottlenecks, and security threats. Unlike active testing, passive monitoring does not involve sending traffic to the server, reducing the risk of introducing unintended consequences.</p>



<p>For example, One example of passive API monitoring involves using network monitoring tools to capture and analyze network traffic in real time. This approach enables testers to gather information about</p>



<ul><li>the API&#8217;s behavior,</li><li>including the number of requests,</li><li>the response time, and</li><li>shared data.</li></ul>



<p>Testers can use this data to identify performance issues, network lag, or other performance issues and investigate the potential causes to address them.</p>



<p>So if you want to ensure that your APIs are operating smoothly and efficiently, consider using passive API monitoring as part of your solution.</p>



<h3 id="h-active-api-monitoring"><span id="Active_API_Monitoring"><strong>Active API Monitoring</strong></span></h3>



<p>Active API monitoring sends traffic to the server to determine how it responds to different requests under different load conditions. Unlike passive monitoring, active monitoring involves</p>



<ul><li>generating traffic by running automated tests,</li><li>simulating user behavior or scenarios, and</li><li>monitoring the results in real time.</li></ul>



<p>It provides rich metrics on the application&#8217;s behavior and can help testers identify areas requiring detailed analysis.</p>



<p>Here is an example that explains Active API monitoring easily.</p>



<p>Let&#8217;s say you are a tester working on a <a href="https://testsigma.com/mobile-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">mobile app </a>that relies heavily on an API to fetch data from an external server. You have implemented Active API monitoring to ensure the API is always available and functioning correctly. </p>



<p>To do this, you have set up a monitoring system that sends ten requests to the API every second. The monitoring system checks if the API responds correctly and if the response time is within acceptable limits. </p>



<p>If the monitoring system detects issues, such as the API taking too long to respond or returning errors, it immediately triggers an alert. This alert can be an email or a Slack message to the development team, notifying them of the issue. </p>



<p>The testers can then investigate and fix the issue before it causes any major problems for mobile app users. This helps ensure that the app provides a seamless experience for users at a decent load, with minimal disruption caused by backend issues.</p>



<h3 id="h-api-load-testing"><span id="API_Load_Testing"><strong>API Load Testing</strong></span></h3>



<p>In software development, load tests simulate the number of users accessing a system or service. For example, load tests can be used to evaluate the performance of a website or application under different user loads. To put it in simple words,</p>



<ul><li>API load testing ensures the API can handle the expected traffic levels during peak usage.</li><li>This helps reduce the risk of service trouble or performance degradation when the API is used in high-volume applications.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-recommendations-for-api-performance-testing"><span id="Recommendations_for_API_performance_testing"><strong>Recommendations for</strong><strong> API performance testing</strong></span></h2>



<p>Here are some recommendations for API performance testing that will help ensure that the APIs are reliable, responsive, and readily available.</p>



<ol><li><strong>Decide the testing strategy according to the type of application</strong>: Different applications require different performance levels and <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/the-different-software-testing-types-explained/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">testing types</a>. For example, a video streaming service may need to test against high network throughput, while a financial trading platform may need to test against low latency.</li><li><strong>Understand the end-to-end flow of the application</strong>: This is essential to get an accurate picture of overall performance. This will help ensure no bottlenecks or disconnects along the way.</li><li><strong>Remember the underlying technology</strong>: API performance testing can reveal issues with underlying technologies, such as hardware or software, that could affect performance. For example, if an API is running on a server with outdated hardware, it could cause slowdowns or crashes in the API.</li><li><strong>Test in different conditions</strong>: It&#8217;s essential to test under various conditions, including network conditions (e.g., WiFi vs. cellular), device settings (e.g., tablet vs. desktop), and time of day (e.g., peak vs. off-peak).</li></ol>



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<h2 id="h-conclusion"><span id="Conclusion"><strong>Conclusion</strong></span></h2>



<p>API performance testing allows developers to ensure that their APIs can handle the load and are reliable and secure. Testers and developers can create an effective API performance testing plan by following the steps outlined in this guide. With a well-designed testing plan, developers can ensure that their APIs are performing to their best potential. This provides a great user experience.</p>



<h2 id="h-frequently-asked-questions"><span id="Frequently_Asked_Questions"><strong>Frequently Asked Questions</strong></span></h2>



<h3 id="h-which-tool-is-best-for-api-performance-testing"><span id="Which_tool_is_best_for_API_performance_testing">Which tool is best for API performance testing?</span></h3>



<p>Various tools are available for API performance testing, and the best tool for you will depend on your specific needs, expertise, and budget. The most popular tools include Postman, LoadRunner, SoapUI, and Apache JMeter.</p>



<h3 id="h-what-is-the-difference-between-api-load-testing-and-performance-testing"><span id="What_is_the_difference_between_API_load_testing_and_performance_testing">What is the difference between API load testing and <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/performance-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">performance testing</a>?</span></h3>



<p>API load testing focuses on testing the performance of the API under varying levels of load, while performance testing focuses on ensuring the application meets specific performance criteria.</p>



<h3 id="h-how-do-i-test-rest-api-performance"><span id="How_do_I_test_REST_API_performance">How do I test REST API performance?</span></h3>



<p>Testing REST API performance involves several steps, including: </p>



<p>1. Identify Performance Metrics </p>



<p>2. Choose a Testing Tool </p>



<p>3. Define a <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-plan/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Test Plan </a></p>



<p>4. Set Up <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-environment/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Test Environment </a></p>



<p>5. Execute <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/what-is-test-case/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Test Cases </a></p>



<p>6. Analyze Results </p>



<p>7. Optimize Performance</p>


API Performance Testing A Step-by-Step Guide

API Performance Testing: A Step-by-Step Guide


<p>Test case design techniques are the key to planning, designing, and implementing tests for software applications. These techniques involve various steps that aim to ensure the effectiveness of test cases in uncovering bugs or other defects in software programs. This blog post will review all these techniques, including their pros and cons and when to use them.</p>



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets"><p class="toc_title">Table Of Contents</p><ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#Test_Case_Design_Techniques"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">1</span> Test Case Design Techniques</a></li><li><a href="#A_basic_example_of_test_case_design"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">2</span> A basic example of test case design</a></li><li><a href="#What_are_the_types_of_test_case_design_techniques"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">3</span> What are the types of test case design techniques?</a><ul><li><a href="#Specification-Based_or_Black-Box_techniques"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">3.1</span> Specification-Based or Black-Box techniques</a></li><li><a href="#Structure-Based_or_White-Box_techniques"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">3.2</span> Structure-Based or White-Box techniques</a></li><li><a href="#Experience-Based_techniques"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">3.3</span> Experience-Based techniques</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Test_Case_Software_for_managing_Test_Cases"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">4</span> Test Case Software for managing Test Cases</a></li><li><a href="#Can_these_designs_be_helpful_while_automating_your_tests"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">5</span> Can these designs be helpful while automating your tests?</a></li><li><a href="#Summary"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">6</span> Summary</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">7</span> Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li><a href="#Why_are_test_case_design_techniques_used"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">7.1</span> Why are test case design techniques used?</a></li><li><a href="#What_are_the_advantages_of_test_case_design_techniques"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">7.2</span> What are the advantages of test case design techniques?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-test-case-design-techniques"><span id="Test_Case_Design_Techniques"><strong>Test Case Design Techniques</strong></span></h2>



<p>There are tons of different ways to design your test cases. These techniques help you test all your software&#8217;s features and functions efficiently.</p>



<p>Let&#8217;s take an example to understand this concept better.</p>



<h2 id="h-a-basic-example-of-test-case-design"><span id="A_basic_example_of_test_case_design"><strong>A basic example of test case design</strong></span></h2>



<p>Let us take an example of any e-commerce app or website(like Amazon or Flipkart)for test case design. We want to ensure users can quickly checkout and make payments without issues. Here we test for 1 product in the cart; we will see later that this test case design technique is a boundary value analysis technique.</p>



<p><strong>Title:</strong> Test that user can complete the checkout process when there is 1 item in the card. </p>



<p><strong>Description:</strong> Ensure users can checkout and make payments without issues on the website/app </p>



<p><strong>Preconditions: </strong>The user is already logged in </p>



<p><strong>Assumptions:</strong> They are using a supported device or browser to log in. </p>



<p><p style="padding-top:30px"><strong>Test Steps:</strong></p></p>



<ol><li>Open the app/website.</li><li>Go to 1 product</li><li>Add the product to the cart.</li><li>Check out the item in the cart.</li><li>Add address information for delivery</li><li>Add payment information</li><li>Complete the checkout process.</li></ol>



<p><p style="padding-top:15px"><strong>Expected Result</strong>: The checkout process should be complete, and the user should receive confirmation.</p></p>



<h2 id="h-what-are-the-types-of-test-case-design-techniques"><span id="What_are_the_types_of_test_case_design_techniques"><strong>What are the types of test case design techniques?</strong></span></h2>



<p>These test case design techniques can be classified into three major groups: :</p>



<ul><li>Specification-based</li><li>Structure-based</li><li>Experience-based</li></ul>



<h3 id="h-specification-based-or-black-box-techniques"><span id="Specification-Based_or_Black-Box_techniques"><strong>Specification-Based or Black-Box techniques</strong></span></h3>



<p><p style="padding-bottom:15px">Specification-based testing, also known as black-box testing, is a testing technique that focuses on testing the software system based on its functional requirements and specifications without any knowledge about the underlying code or system structure.</p></p>



<ol><li><strong>Boundary Value Analysis (BVA)</strong> identifies errors at the input domain&#8217;s boundary. A simple example of boundary value analysis would be testing a text box that requires the user to enter a number between 1 and 10. In this case, the boundary values would be 1 and 10, and we would test with values that are just above, at, and just below these boundaries.<br><br><strong> For example, </strong>we would test with 0, 1, 2, 9, 10, and 11. We can expect that errors or defects are most likely to occur at or near the boundary values. Identifying these issues early can help prevent them from causing problems later in the software development process.</li><br><li><strong>Equivalence Partitioning (EP)</strong> is another technique that helps reduce the required test cases. By partitioning test input data into classes with an equivalent number of data, one can design test cases for each class or partition. This technique ensures that one thoroughly tests the software while minimizing the required test cases. <br><br><strong>For example</strong>, if a program requires an input of numbers between 1 and 100, an EP test would include a range of values, such as 1-50 and 51-100, and numbers outside that range, such as -1 or 101. Testing one value from each partition is sufficient to test all values within that partition.</li><br><li><strong>Decision Table Testing</strong> is a technique that involves designing test cases based on decision tables formulated using different combinations of inputs and their corresponding outputs based on various conditions and scenarios sticking to other business rules. This technique ensures that we test the software thoroughly and accurately. <br><br><strong>For example</strong>, if a program offers discounts based on the type of customer and the amount spent, a decision table would list all possible combinations of customer types and the amount paid to receive a discount. Each cell in the table would specify the value that should be applied. Testers can ensure the program behaves correctly under various scenarios by testing all combinations.</li><br><li>Developers use<strong> State Transition Diagrams(STD)</strong> to test software with a finite number of states of different types. A set of rules that define the response to various inputs guides the transition from one state to another. This technique is handy for systems with specific workflows within them. <br><br><strong>For example</strong>, consider an e-commerce website that has different states such as &#8220;logged out,&#8221; &#8220;logged in,&#8221; &#8220;cart empty,&#8221; &#8220;cart not empty,&#8221; and &#8220;order placed.&#8221; The transitions between the states would be triggered by login in and logout, adding the product to the cart, removing the product from the cart, proceeding to checkout, etc. An STD can help visualize and test such complex states and transitions in a system.</li><br><li><strong>Use Case Testing</strong> involves designing test cases to execute different business scenarios and end-user functionalities. <br><br><strong>For example</strong>, A use case could be a &#8220;student enrolling in a course&#8221; on an academic website. Test cases would simulate the enrollment process and verify the system&#8217;s response from a student&#8217;s perspective.</li></ol>



<h3 id="h-structure-based-or-white-box-techniques"><span id="Structure-Based_or_White-Box_techniques"><strong>Structure-Based or White-Box techniques</strong></span></h3>



<p><p style="padding-bottom:15px">Structure-based testing, also known as white-box testing, is a testing technique that involves the testing of internal structures or components of software applications. In this approach, the tests interact with the code directly. These tests are designed to ensure the code works correctly and efficiently.</p></p>



<ol><li><strong>Statement Testing and Coverage</strong> is a technique that involves executing all the executable statements in the source code at least once. We then calculate the percentage of executable statements as per the given requirement. <br><br><strong>For example</strong>, consider code that inputs two numbers and checks if the first number is greater than or equal to the second. A statement coverage test would verify that both the &#8220;greater than&#8221; and &#8220;equal to&#8221; statements are executed during testing to ensure that all code branches are covered.</li><br><li><strong>Decision Testing Coverage</strong>, also known as branch coverage, validates all the branches in the code by executing each possible branch from each decision point at least once. This helps ensure that no branch leads to unexpected application behavior. <br><br><strong>For example</strong>, if a program requires an input of a number between 1 and 100 and uses an &#8220;if/else&#8221; statement to check if the number is even, decision testing coverage would ensure that both the even and odd outcomes have been tested to confirm all possible scenarios have been checked.</li><br><li><strong>Condition Testing</strong>, also known as Predicate coverage testing. It involves evaluating each Boolean expression in the code and checking its output values, TRUE or FALSE, against the expected outcomes. This test checks all outcomes at least once to achieve 100% code coverage. We design test cases that make it easy to execute the condition outcomes. <br><br><strong>For example</strong>, if a program determines whether a user is eligible for a discount based on age, condition testing would verify that the code handles each age group accurately. It would test age values such as one less than, one more than, and within the age range requirement to evaluate if the code performs as expected.</li><br><li><strong>Multiple Condition Testing</strong> aims to test different combinations of conditions to achieve 100% coverage. This technique requires two or more test scripts, which may require more effort. <br><br><strong>For example</strong>, if a program uses an &#8220;if/else&#8221; statement to check age and gender to provide a discount, multiple condition testing would verify that the program handles all possible scenarios correctly. It would test various age ranges and gender combinations to ensure the code performs accurately for all possibilities.</li><br><li><strong>All Path Testing </strong>leverages the source code of a program to find every executable path. <br><br><strong>For example, </strong>if a program asks a user for two inputs (A and B) and has multiple conditions, All Path Testing would ensure that each condition is tested independently. The technique would test all combinations of A and B, including zero, negative, and positive Testings, to identify any potential errors in the code.</li></ol><br>



<p>By implementing these testing techniques, testers, and developers can ensure the Testing code is thoroughly tested and free of unexpected behavior. Choosing the appropriate method based on the project&#8217;s specific requirements is essential.</p>



<h3 id="h-experience-based-techniques"><span id="Experience-Based_techniques"><strong>Experience-Based techniques</strong></span></h3>



<p>The experience-based techniques can be broadly categorized into the following types:</p>



<ul><li><strong>Error Guessing</strong> is a testing technique that relies on the testers&#8217; skill, intuition, and experience to anticipate potential errors in the product.</li><br><li>On the other hand, <strong>Exploratory Testing</strong> is a technique used to test applications without any formal documentation. This method is recommended once scripted testing has been executed when working on the software.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-test-case-software-for-managing-test-cases"><span id="Test_Case_Software_for_managing_Test_Cases"><strong>Test Case Software for managing Test Cases</strong></span></h2>



<p>To ensure accurate test case management, it is essential to utilize refined test case software. This tool helps craft detailed test cases and enables users to report bugs that may arise from any failed step quickly.</p>



<p>Its advanced features allow for creating complete reports through built-in filters, providing valuable insights that can be acted upon. This innovative software empowers teams to manage their testing processes and deliver high-quality results efficiently.</p>



<p><strong>Examples of these tools include:</strong></p>



<ol><li>TestRail: A web-based tool that helps to manage, track, and organize test cases.</li></ol>



<ol><li>Zephyr: A comprehensive test case management tool that integrates with Jira and offers real-time visibility into testing activity.</li></ol>



<ol><li>TestLink: An open-source <a href="https://testsigma.com/test-management-tools">test management tool</a> that handles multiple test plans, requirements, test cases, and test reports.</li></ol>



<ol><li>SpiraTest: A flexible and comprehensive test management platform that offers traceability, version control, and defect tracking.</li></ol>



<ol><li>qTest: A web-based test management tool that automates test scheduling, offers collaboration, and integrates with other testing tools.</li></ol>



<h2 id="h-can-these-designs-be-helpful-while-automating-your-tests"><span id="Can_these_designs_be_helpful_while_automating_your_tests"><strong>Can these designs be helpful while automating your tests?</strong></span></h2>



<p>Yes! Test case design techniques help to create a structured approach to test automation. When test cases are well designed, achieving better test automation results is easier, sooner.</p>



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<p><strong>Testsigma</strong> is a no-code test automation tool that enables teams to create test cases in simple English. With that, it also supports data-driven testing and enables testers to implement all the test case designs efficiently.</p>



<p>Read more about data-driven testing with Testsigma here: <a href="https://testsigma.com/data-driven-testing">https://testsigma.com/data-driven-testing</a> </p>



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<h2 id="h-summary"><span id="Summary"><strong>Summary</strong></span></h2>



<p>In this blog, we learned about test case design techniques that are fundamental in ensuring the effectiveness and efficiency of software testing. Knowledge of these Testing techniques can enhance the testers&#8217; ability to design smart test cases that will be able to identify potential defects, avoid common pitfalls, and assess the performance and functionality of different software systems, better.</p>



<h2 id="h-frequently-asked-questions"><span id="Frequently_Asked_Questions"><strong>Frequently Asked Questions</strong></span></h2>



<h3 id="h-why-are-test-case-design-techniques-used"><span id="Why_are_test_case_design_techniques_used"><strong>Why are test case design techniques used?</strong></span></h3>



<p>These techniques are employed to optimize the testing process by identifying critical Testing and reducing redundancy, thus allowing for the efficient allocation of resources.</p>



<h3 id="h-what-are-the-advantages-of-test-case-design-techniques"><span id="What_are_the_advantages_of_test_case_design_techniques"><strong>What are the advantages of test case design techniques?</strong></span></h3>



<ol><li>Test case design techniques provide a more structured approach to testing, resulting in comprehensive test coverage and higher-quality software.</li><li>Using these techniques, testers can identify complex scenarios, generate effective test data, and design test cases that evaluate full system functionality.</li><li>It helps reduce the risk of missed defects and ensures all software requirements are met.</li><li>These techniques support faster and more efficient testing, reducing costs and increasing software reliability.</li></ol>


Test Case Design Techniques in Software Testing