Test Coverage How to increase test coverage using Testsigma

Test Coverage – What it is & Improve it Using Testsigma


<p>A test suite is a bunch of test cases grouped for a specific purpose. It can cover multiple functionalities or features within an application. On the other hand, a test case focuses on one particular aspect or scenario. It&#8217;s like a single unit of testing within the larger test suite. So, if you want to know more about these two important concepts, keep reading!</p>



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets"><p class="toc_title">Table Of Contents</p><ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#Test_Suite_vs_Test_Case_8211_Overview"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">1</span> Test Suite vs Test Case &#8211; Overview</a><ul><li><a href="#What_is_a_Test_Case"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">1.1</span> What is a Test Case?</a></li><li><a href="#What_is_a_Test_Suite"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">1.2</span> What is a Test Suite?</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Test_Suite_vs_Test_Case_-Key_Differences"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">2</span> Test Suite vs Test Case -Key Differences</a></li><li><a href="#What_if_we_want_to_automate_our_Test_cases_and_Test_suites"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">3</span> What if we want to automate our Test cases and Test suites?</a></li><li><a href="#Summary"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">4</span> Summary</a></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="test-suite-vs-test-case-overview"><span id="Test_Suite_vs_Test_Case_8211_Overview"><strong>Test Suite vs Test Case &#8211; Overview</strong></span></h2>



<h3 id="h-what-is-a-test-case"><span id="What_is_a_Test_Case"><a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/what-is-test-case/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">What is a Test Case?</a></span></h3>



<p>A test case is a set of instructions determining whether a software or system behaves as expected. A test case generally outlines the various inputs and outputs for a particular scenario and provides step-by-step instructions on executing that scenario. It can also include information about the expected result after executing those steps.</p>



<p>Test cases are essential because they help identify bugs and issues early, saving time and money in the long run. Ensuring high-quality software products that meet customer requirements would be much harder without them.</p>



<h3 id="h-what-is-a-test-suite"><span id="What_is_a_Test_Suite">What is a Test Suite?</span></h3>



<p>A test suite is a set of tests designed to check the functionality and performance of the software. It collects individual test cases based on their specific purpose or characteristics.</p>



<p>Check here &#8211; <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-case-vs-use-case/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Test Case Vs Use Case</a></p>



<h2 id="h-test-suite-vs-test-case-key-differences"><span id="Test_Suite_vs_Test_Case_-Key_Differences"><strong>Test Suite vs Test Case -Key Differences</strong></span></h2>



<p>Test suite and Test case are both essential in software testing. The differences between the test suite and the test case can be summarized as follows:</p>



<figure class="wp-block-table"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Parameter</strong></td><td><strong>Test Suite</strong></td><td><strong>Test Case</strong></td></tr><tr><td><br><br>Definition</td><td>A collection of test cases that are designed to test a specific feature or functionality of the software</td><td>A set of inputs, preconditions, and expected outcomes that are designed to test a particular aspect of the software</td></tr><tr><td>Function&nbsp;</td><td>Tests multiple scenarios and functionalities&nbsp;</td><td>Tests a single scenario or functionality</td></tr><tr><td>Dependency</td><td>It can be dependent on other Test Suites</td><td>Test cases, ideally, run independently of each other</td></tr><tr><td>Priority</td><td>Can be prioritized based on the functionality they cover</td><td>Can be prioritized based on the severity of the issues they uncover</td></tr><tr><td>Purpose</td><td>Validate broad functional requirements</td><td>Validate specific detailed scenarios</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>



<p>Check here &#8211;<a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/automated-test-suite/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> Automated Test Suite</a></p>



<h2 id="h-what-if-we-want-to-automate-our-test-cases-and-test-suites"><span id="What_if_we_want_to_automate_our_Test_cases_and_Test_suites"><strong>What if we want to automate our Test cases and Test suites?</strong></span></h2>



<p>Automating test cases and suites can save time and money while improving testing coverage and consistency. Generally, you can automate test cases and suites for Functional Testing and Non-functional testing. </p>



<p>There are tools like Testsigma, Selenium, Appium available for functional testing, and there are tools like Jmeter, loadrunner, webLOAD for non-functional testing (performance testing, load testing etc) </p>



<p><a href="https://testsigma.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Testsigma</a>&nbsp;is a no-code test automation tool that helps you automate your functional test cases and suites. The test steps are as easy to write and edit, as writing english sentences. Testsigma also lets you automate your functional tests for web, mobile, APIs and Desktop from these same place, 10x faster. Testsigma is also available as an open source and free version.</p>



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<h2 id="summary"><span id="Summary"><strong>Summary</strong></span></h2>



<p>This blog taught us about test cases, test suites, and their differences. A test case is a set of instructions that outlines how to execute a specific test on a particular aspect of the software, while a test suite is simply a collection of multiple related tests. In other words, any software testing endeavor&#8217;s pieces can be classified as test cases. Still, when packaged together into an organized group, they form the larger umbrella known as a Test suite.</p>



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Test Suite vs Test Case What is the Difference

Test Suite vs Test Case: What is the Difference?

Best Examples Of Web Applications Test Cases


<p><em>A clean test script is a good test script.</em></p>



<p><em>But a well-maintained test script is the best.</em></p>



<p>And while developers work hard to add/update application features, the well-maintained test scripts pick out tiny mistakes that slip into the code. You can turn to <a href="https://testsigma.com/automated-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">automation testing</a> to fix the mistakes in the software, but what if the test cases themselves are wrong? Maintenance testing helps here. It keeps the tests up to date, ensures AUT quality, and increases overall test coverage. Both manual and automation tests require regular maintenance. And for this blog, we will focus on the latter and discuss all the possible scenarios you can implement to maintain your automation tests.</p>



<p>Here’s our take on test maintenance and why you should think sincerely about implementing it for your business.</p>



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets"><p class="toc_title">Table Of Contents</p><ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_is_Test_Maintenance_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">1</span> What is Test Maintenance Testing?</a></li><li><a href="#Why_is_Test_Maintenance_Crucial_to_Software_Development"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">2</span> Why is Test Maintenance Crucial to Software Development?</a></li><li><a href="#Types_Of_Maintenance_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">3</span> Types Of Maintenance Testing</a><ul><li><a href="#Confirmation_Maintenance_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">3.1</span> Confirmation Maintenance Testing</a></li><li><a href="#Regression_Maintenance_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">3.2</span> Regression Maintenance Testing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#How_Do_You_Maintain_a_Test"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">4</span> How Do You Maintain a Test?</a></li><li><a href="#Test_Maintenance_Techniques_Approaches"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">5</span> Test Maintenance Techniques/ Approaches</a></li><li><a href="#What_are_Some_Best_Practices_for_Test_Maintenance"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">6</span> What are Some Best Practices for Test Maintenance?</a></li><li><a href="#What_are_the_Main_Challenges_of_Test_Maintenance"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">7</span> What are the Main Challenges of Test Maintenance?</a></li><li><a href="#How_Does_Testsigma_Make_Maintenance_of_Automated_Test_Cases_Easy"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">8</span> How Does Testsigma Make Maintenance of Automated Test Cases Easy?</a></li><li><a href="#Conclusion"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">9</span> Conclusion</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">10</span> Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)</a><ul><li><a href="#When_should_maintenance_testing_occur"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">10.1</span> When should maintenance testing occur?</a></li><li><a href="#What_is_the_importance_of_test_maintenance"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">10.2</span> What is the importance of test maintenance?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-what-is-test-maintenance-testing"><span id="What_is_Test_Maintenance_Testing"><strong>What is Test Maintenance Testing?</strong></span></h2>



<p>Test maintenance is the process of repairing test cases so they stay updated with continuous code changes. </p>



<p>Often, businesses have codes that keep changing as new updates get added to the application. Test maintenance ensures that your test script, manual or automation, stays up to date with the changes in code. With regular test maintenance, your business will save costs and time with high-quality tests by your side. For example, if the identifying attribute of a UI element (Id or class or Xpath) changes, even the test needs to accommodate that change to avoid failure.</p>



<p>There are multiple tools you can use for test automation. Some of those tools have features that reduce the test maintenance time, like Testsigma. Testsigma supports self-healing. It automatically detects the changes in the attributes of web elements and updates them so that tests don’t fail. Keep reading, and you will learn how Testsigma keeps your test cases up-to-date with the changes made in the code.</p>



<h2 id="h-why-is-test-maintenance-crucial-to-software-development"><span id="Why_is_Test_Maintenance_Crucial_to_Software_Development"><strong>Why is Test Maintenance Crucial to Software Development?</strong></span></h2>



<p>Test maintenance is crucial because it lowers the time and cost of writing tests. With test maintenance, you don’t need to keep working on new tests; add/delete the information from the existing ones. It simplifies testing, consistently maintains test quality, and improves automation testing scripts to run complex tests.</p>



<h2 id="h-types-of-maintenance-testing"><span id="Types_Of_Maintenance_Testing"><strong>Types Of Maintenance Testing</strong></span></h2>



<p>When working on maintaining tests, there are two types of maintenance testing every tester needs to work on:</p>



<h3 id="h-confirmation-maintenance-testing"><span id="Confirmation_Maintenance_Testing">Confirmation Maintenance Testing</span></h3>



<p>This maintenance testing type checks the modified code. While conducting this type of maintenance testing, you need to monitor every small and big modification in the code to ensure there are no functionality or downtime issues. Read more about <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/confirmation-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Confirmation testing</a></p>



<h3 id="h-regression-maintenance-testing"><span id="Regression_Maintenance_Testing">Regression Maintenance Testing</span></h3>



<p>This type focuses on testing the existing functionality and comes after the confirmation maintenance testing phase. It checks the complete software after the code change to ensure the existing functions do not encounter any issues. It is called <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/automated-regression-testing-challenges-agile/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Regression testing</a>.</p>



<h2 id="h-how-do-you-maintain-a-test"><span id="How_Do_You_Maintain_a_Test"><strong>How Do You Maintain a Test?</strong></span></h2>



<p>To maintain a test, you can keep changing the script to follow the code changes. Just monitor the modifications in the code and change the data/steps in the test script accordingly. But do you think this is a feasible way to maintain a test? What if a major release influences multiple areas of the application, and you would need to change every test script manually? The process seems tedious and highly time-consuming, and even prone to errors. And manually maintaining the scripts is not the right approach in the long term. But whatever your case, manual or automation, here are some of the best practices for you to follow when maintaining a test is not a one-man&#8217;s job.</p>



<h2 id="test-maintenance-techniques-approaches"><span id="Test_Maintenance_Techniques_Approaches">Test Maintenance Techniques/ Approaches</span></h2>



<p><strong>1) Using Reusable Test Modules Approach: </strong>Every feature or functionality consists of multiple components. To maintain test scripts properly, you need to break down your tests into smaller, reusable functions or modules. This way, when any changes occur to the software application, you would not need to update multiple tests, you would just have to update the part of the script that needs to be changed.</p>



<p><strong>2) Page Object Model (POM) Approach: </strong>This design pattern facilitates the separation of test script functionality from the user interface. Because each component or page has its own class, maintenance is made simpler. The only tests that would require updating in the event of UI changes are the page object classes.</p>



<p><strong>3) Centralized Test Data Management: </strong>Instead of hard-coding data in test scripts, a best practice is to keep the test data in separate files or formats like CSV, Excel, or JSON. This way, if the test data needs to be changed, you would only need to update the data files instead of modifying the test code itself.</p>



<p><strong>4) User Version Control Systems: </strong>It is easier to keep track of changes and roll back to earlier versions when test scripts are stored in a version control system like Git. This is also important when multiple members are working on the same test suite because it checks that everyone is on the same page.</p>



<p><strong>5) Regular Review and Refactoring: </strong>Just like developers are advised to always regularly review and refactor the application, the same applies to QA teams as well. The test scripts need to be regularly refactored to avoid redundant steps and to generally improve the structure of the test scripts.&nbsp;</p>



<p><strong>6) Using Automated Test Maintenance Tools: </strong>It is easier to detect when tests break because of code changes when test automation is integrated with continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD) pipelines. Also, test management tools like TestRail or Jira can be used to track, organize, and maintain test results.<gwmw style="display:none;"><gwmw style="display:none;"></gwmw></p>



<h2 id="h-what-are-some-best-practices-for-test-maintenance"><span id="What_are_Some_Best_Practices_for_Test_Maintenance"><strong>What are Some Best Practices for Test Maintenance?</strong></span></h2>



<p>Below are some simple steps that make test maintenance easy:</p>



<ul><li>Build a clear and accessible test maintenance design where team members can easily communicate. You can achieve this by meticulously planning the test cycles and utilizing all the resources available to you. For example, if a tester worked on a test script for a certain feature, keeping everyone in the loop and being open to adapting changes to the test plan will help your team in maintenance testing.</li><li>Use a standard template for all test cases during automation</li><li>Try to create reusable tests or use a tool that supports reusability</li><li>Add testing as a critical part of SDLC during the development itself. This means adopting the <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/how-does-testsigma-support-the-shift-left-approach/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">shift-left testing technique</a> and going for CI/CD approach.</li><li>Write test cases and scripts with maximum coverage in the first instance, so you won’t have to keep adding new data for every small code change.</li><li>Run regular technical reviews of your test cases/scripts every month/quarter to find missing cases.</li><li>Add test steps that focus on what users will see and experience rather than going deep to the code level because sometimes, even when the program is right visual elements are missing on the page.</li><li>Keep updating changes on the go in your tests as you change your code.</li><li>To save time and get more work done, go for a no-code test automation tool, such as Testsigma, that comes with a lot of features to reduce test maintenance time. We will talk more about it in the sections below.</li></ul>



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<h2 id="h-what-are-the-main-challenges-of-test-maintenance"><span id="What_are_the_Main_Challenges_of_Test_Maintenance"><strong>What are the Main Challenges of Test Maintenance?</strong></span></h2>



<p>Here are some of the common challenges you might encounter while working on test maintenance:</p>



<ul><li>Your team might find it difficult to manage the cost and time of maintaining the tests if they are not equipped with the right tools and knowledge.</li><li>It becomes challenging if you do not find a test automation tool that can analyze false positives/flaky tests.</li><li>Poor or delayed communication between the developers and testers can compromise the test maintenance process and make it difficult to keep the tests on track with the code changes.</li><li>Your team will come across issues with testing tools that do not have the capability to detect GUI objects and the changes thereafter.</li><li>There might come situations where there is a skill gap in testers/developers to understand the requirement and maintain the tests either manually or using tools.</li></ul>



<p>And all these challenges might be difficult to surpass, but with the right tool like Testsigma, you can lower or even eliminate some of them.</p>



<h2 id="h-how-does-testsigma-make-maintenance-of-automated-test-cases-easy"><span id="How_Does_Testsigma_Make_Maintenance_of_Automated_Test_Cases_Easy"><strong>How Does Testsigma Make Maintenance of Automated Test Cases Easy?</strong></span></h2>



<p>By now, we know that maintenance testing is extensive but possible. But what if we told you that it need not be as stressful? It is possible with the help of a feature called Self-healing. Testsigma supports the self-healing of test cases. </p>



<p>Here are some ways in which Testsigma makes maintenance of automated test cases easy:</p>



<p>1. Self-healing: As mentioned earlier, Testsigma&#8217;s self-healing feature is a game-changer. It uses <a href="https://testsigma.com/ai-driven-test-automation" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">AI-powered automation</a> to determine any changes made to web elements in the source code and resolves them on its own, preventing the test cases from failing. This means that even if there are minor changes in the web application, the test cases will continue to function without any manual intervention.</p>



<p>2. Reusability: Testsigma allows you to create reusable test cases, which can be used across multiple projects and releases. This not only saves time and effort but also ensures that the test cases are consistent and reliable.</p>



<p>3. Easy Maintenance: Testsigma&#8217;s intuitive interface makes it easy to maintain test cases. The platform allows you to update test cases quickly and efficiently, ensuring that they remain up-to-date and relevant.</p>



<p>4. Collaboration: Testsigma allows multiple team members to work on the same test cases simultaneously, making it easy to collaborate and ensure that the test cases are accurate and reliable.</p>



<p>5. Comprehensive Reporting: Testsigma provides comprehensive reporting, which helps you identify issues and areas that require attention. The reporting feature also allows you to track progress and measure the effectiveness of your test cases.</p>



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<p></p>



<h2 id="h-conclusion"><span id="Conclusion"><strong>Conclusion</strong></span></h2>



<p>Developers keep changing the code regularly. New features come up, UI undergoes changes, and users request modifications &#8211; many such activities require code changes. With these changes, the tests need to be modified too. This is when maintenance testing comes into the picture. With regular test maintenance &#8211; automated test cases can help catch bugs on the latest code too. Thus, test maintenance can take a lot of time if not managed well. A part of the problem can be solved by choosing a test automation tool that supports test maintenance. Testsigma is one such tool with features such as:</p>



<ul><li>Easy-to-edit test steps</li><li>Self-healing test cases</li><li>Reusable test steps</li></ul>



<p>Not only this, Testsigma is a low-code test automation tool that makes your test authoring 10x faster. And lets you automate tests for web, mobile, Desktop, and APIs from the same place.</p>



<h2 id="h-frequently-asked-questions-faqs"><span id="Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs"><strong>Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)</strong></span></h2>



<h3 id="h-when-should-maintenance-testing-occur"><span id="When_should_maintenance_testing_occur">When should maintenance testing occur?</span></h3>



<p>Maintenance testing should occur after deploying and delivering the application to the end users. It is a sort of customer service that listens to user queries and fixes the issues encountered by them.</p>



<h3 id="h-what-is-the-importance-of-test-maintenance"><span id="What_is_the_importance_of_test_maintenance">What is the importance of test maintenance?</span></h3>



<p>The importance of test maintenance lies in saving time and cost. It helps to keep tests up-to-date with every source code change and eliminates the need to write new test cases in such situations.</p>


Test Maintenance: Guide On How to Maintain Automated Tests

What is Maintenance Testing in Software Testing?


<p>When a software is in the testing phase, different types of testing techniques and methodologies are followed on different layers. Two such types of testing are functional testing and integration testing. Both play a significant role in ensuring the quality of the product and delivering a top-notch product. In this article, we will discuss functional and integration testing &#8211; when to perform them, the benefits of executing these tests, and then the key differences between them.</p>



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets"><p class="toc_title">Table Of Contents</p><ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#Difference_Between_Functional_and_Integration_Testing_8211_Overview"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">1</span> Difference Between Functional and Integration Testing &#8211; Overview</a></li><li><a href="#Functional_Testing_vs_Integration_Testing_8211_Detailed_Comparison"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">2</span> Functional Testing vs Integration Testing &#8211; Detailed Comparison </a><ul><li><a href="#Purpose"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">2.1</span> Purpose</a></li><li><a href="#Workflow_Comparison"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">2.2</span> Workflow Comparison</a></li><li><a href="#Use_Case_Comparison"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">2.3</span> Use Case Comparison</a></li><li><a href="#Challenges"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">2.4</span> Challenges </a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Functional_Testing_Vs_Integration_Testing_Core_Differences"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">3</span> Functional Testing Vs Integration Testing – Core Differences </a></li><li><a href="#Functional_Testing_and_Integration_Testing_8211_When_to_Automate"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">4</span> Functional Testing and Integration Testing &#8211; When to Automate?</a></li><li><a href="#Wrapping_Up"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">5</span> Wrapping Up</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">6</span> Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li><a href="#Is_functional_testing_manual_or_automation"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">6.1</span> Is functional testing manual or automation? </a></li><li><a href="#Is_integration_testing_the_same_as_UAT"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">6.2</span> Is integration testing the same as UAT? </a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-difference-between-functional-and-integration-testing-overview"><span id="Difference_Between_Functional_and_Integration_Testing_8211_Overview"><strong>Difference Between Functional and Integration Testing &#8211; Overview</strong></span></h2>



<p><strong>Functional testing</strong> helps verify that the software works as expected and meets user’s expectations. It is a type of black-box testing that involves testing various aspects of the application, such as user interfaces, APIs, databases, and other system components, to validate that they are working as expected. It doesn&#8217;t involve looking into the internal working of software functions &#8211; just observing output on the appropriate input.</p>



<p><strong>Read all about <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/functional-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Functional Testing</a></strong></p>



<p><strong>Integration testing</strong> is when two or more components are integrated and tested as a whole. It ensures that smaller components are working correctly together after integration and provides an error-free user interface for the end users. It helps to improve the performance and scalability of the software and increase the overall software quality.</p>



<p><strong>Read all about <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/integration-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Integration Testing</a></strong></p>



<h2 id="functional-testing-vs-integration-testing-purpose"><span id="Functional_Testing_vs_Integration_Testing_8211_Detailed_Comparison"><strong>Functional Testing vs Integration Testing &#8211; Detailed Comparison </strong></span></h2>



<h3 id="functional-testing-vs-integration-testing-purpose"><span id="Purpose"><strong>Purpose</strong></span></h3>



<p id="purpose-of-functional-testing"><strong>Purpose of Functional Testing</strong></p>



<p>Functional testing helps verify that the software meets the functional requirements. It ensures that the software behaves as expected and aligns with the business requirements.&nbsp;</p>



<p>It checks everything like the end-to-end workflows, functionality of the application, APIs, database, client-server communication, security, etc. Every functionality is tested with different inputs, and the test result will be compared with the expected output.</p>



<p id="purpose-of-integration-testing"><strong>Purpose of Integration Testing</strong></p>



<p>Integration testing helps test the interactions between different software modules after they have been individually tested.&nbsp;</p>



<p>The main aim of integration testing is to ensure that the integrated components work together as intended and to identify any issues that might arise due to their interactions. Typically, integration is done after unit testing.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 id="workflow-comparison"><span id="Workflow_Comparison"><strong>Workflow Comparison</strong></span></h3>



<p>Let&#8217;s take a look at the workflow difference between the integration test vs functional test,</p>



<p id="functional-testing-workflow"><strong>Functional Testing Workflow</strong></p>



<ul><li>Understand the software requirements and functional specifications provided by the development team or stakeholders.</li><li>Create test cases that cover different functional aspects of the application and test scenarios.</li><li>Now, create a document for the traceability matrix after designing the test cases.</li><li>Create test data and start executing test cases.</li><li>Once the test is complete, compare the actual result with the expected result to validate if the product works as it is intended to be.</li></ul>



<p id="integration-testing-workflow"><strong>Integration Testing Workflow</strong></p>



<ul><li>Understand the requirements and specifications provided by the developers.</li><li>First, divide the application into smaller modules and understand each module&#8217;s functionality.&nbsp;</li><li>Next, find where you start and finish in each part and create a test plan.&nbsp;</li><li>Choose the best integration testing approach based on the app&#8217;s needs and identify test conditions.</li><li>Then, start to design test cases to perform integration testing and analyze the results.</li></ul>



<h3 id="use-case-comparison"><span id="Use_Case_Comparison"><strong>Use Case Comparison</strong></span></h3>



<p>Functional testing and integration testing are both critical aspects of the software testing process, but they serve different purposes and focus on different aspects of a software application. Let&#8217;s consider different use cases to understand this,</p>



<p id="functional-testing-use-case"><strong>Functional Testing Use Case</strong></p>



<p>Use Case: Consider you are <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/ecommerce-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">testing an e-commerce application</a>&#8216;s shopping cart functionality.</p>



<ul><li><strong>User Scenario:</strong> Add to Cart Functionality</li><li><strong>Test Description:</strong> Test the cart&#8217;s functionality. That is, when a user adds a product to the cart, the cart should be updated with the correct name, price, and quantity of the product.</li><li><strong>Expected Result:</strong> The application should accurately update the cart and show the correct product details.</li></ul>



<p id="integration-testing-use-case"><strong>Integration Testing Use Case</strong></p>



<p>Use Case: Consider an e-commerce website where users can browse products, add them to their cart, and proceed to checkout. The website is made up of several components: a product catalog, a shopping cart, a user authentication system, and a payment gateway.</p>



<ul><li><strong>User Scenario:</strong> Test the interactions between these components to ensure they work as expected.</li><li><strong>Integration Test:</strong> Test the cart module, checkout module, etc. That is, adding multiple products to the cart and verifying the cart&#8217;s accuracy. Next, add a product to the cart, log out, and then log in again to ensure the cart items are retained. Then, add products to the cart, proceed to checkout, and verify that the payment gateway works correctly.</li><li><strong>Expected Outcome:</strong> The user should be able to browse products, add items to the cart, login, proceed to checkout, and complete the payment.</li></ul>



<h3 id="challenges"><span id="Challenges"><strong>Challenges </strong></span></h3>



<p>Let&#8217;s take a look at the challenges between integration testing vs functional testing,</p>



<p id="challenges-of-functional-testing"><strong>Challenges of Functional Testing</strong></p>



<ul><li>Designing comprehensive and effective test cases for all possible functional scenarios can be complex and time-consuming.&nbsp;</li><li>Functional testing can become complex when requirements change frequently, requiring constant updates to test cases and test data.</li><li>Functional changes or bug fixes in one area of the software can unintentionally impact other areas. Ensuring that new functional additions don&#8217;t break existing functionality requires robust regression testing. Get here the Comparison between <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/regression-testing-vs-integration-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Regression Testing vs Integration Testing</a></li><li>Defining clear test requirements for every change is difficult due to the detailed and measurable information they contain.</li><li>Keeping a simple report to decide whether something works or not with functional tests might not work well. This is because reports are divided based on features and defects.</li><li>It takes a long time to fix recurring issues and to set up the test environment.</li><li>Creating test metrics to analyze and improve applications is challenging due to software complexities and varying test requirements.</li></ul>



<p id="challenges-of-integration-testing"><strong>Challenges of Integration Testing</strong></p>



<ul><li>When you replace mock data with real modules, you might find new bugs.</li><li>It is time-consuming and needs good coding skills to create integration tests because programs and data required for testing are mocked. </li><li>It is difficult to understand the logic because the software code is written by multiple teams separately.</li><li>It is difficult to understand the code because it is written by different teams separately.</li><li>Testing integrated parts of the software is complicated because various things like the database, platform, and software environment affect the tests.</li><li>Choosing the right testing approach can become harder when you have multiple options to consider.</li><li>Integration testing gets even more complex when external features, tools, and libraries from different companies with their own dependencies are involved.</li></ul>



<p>Check here &#8211; <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/big-bang-integration-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Big Bang Integration Testing</a></p>



<h2 id="functional-testing-vs-integration-testing-core-differences"><span id="Functional_Testing_Vs_Integration_Testing_Core_Differences"><strong>Functional Testing Vs Integration Testing – Core Differences </strong></span></h2>



<p>The table below depicts the integration test vs functional test core differences,</p>



<figure class="wp-block-table"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Functional Testing</strong></td><td><strong>Integration Testing</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Helps verify that the software is functioning as expected and meets the user&#8217;s requirements</td><td>Helps test how different software modules interact with each other</td></tr><tr><td>Executed by testers</td><td>Executed by testers and developers</td></tr><tr><td>Helps identify issues that might interrupt the application&#8217;s working</td><td>Helps identify issues that might occur while integrating different components</td></tr><tr><td>It is performed before integration testing</td><td>It is performed after unit testing and functional and before system testing</td></tr><tr><td>It is quite complex when compared to integration testing, as the entire application is tested.</td><td>It is less complex as we test the modules.</td></tr><tr><td>It uses the black-box technique.</td><td>It uses the gray box testing technique (both white box and black box testing)</td></tr><tr><td>Tools used &#8211; Testsigma, Selenium, Katalon, Tricentis, etc.</td><td>Tools used &#8211; Testsigma, Selenium, JUnit</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>



<h2 id="h-functional-testing-and-integration-testing-when-to-automate"><span id="Functional_Testing_and_Integration_Testing_8211_When_to_Automate"><strong>Functional Testing and Integration Testing</strong> &#8211; <strong>When to Automate?</strong></span></h2>



<p>You should automate the functional and integration testing if you repeatedly execute the same functional and integration tests, and you see an ROI on automating them. <a href="https://testsigma.com/automated-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Automated testing</a>, when planned and executed well, reduces the total time and effort required to perform testing, thus accelerating the time to market, and also provides an ROI.</p>



<p><a href="https://testsigma.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Testsigma</a> is a powerful test automation tool that lets you automate web, mobile, and desktop applications in the same place. It is an AI-driven platform that lets you create test cases in plain English, which makes the testing 10x faster.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image is-resized"><img loading="lazy" src="https://images.storychief.com/account_36412/image_94755119bdfe2d7dfa2cde9844b93e72_2000.png" alt="Functioanl Testing vs Integration Testing" width="840" height="399"/></figure>



<p>The following are some of the top benefits offered by Testsigma,</p>



<ul><li>It is a no-code test automation tool that lets you author simple and complex tests in simple English</li><li>It is very simple and easy to use</li><li>Also comes with a record and play feature to record user actions and later automate them as test cases on the cloud.</li><li><a href="https://testsigma.com/automated-cross-browser-testing-tool" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Automate cross-browser testing</a> across 3000+ real devices and 1000+ browser/OS combos.</li><li>A no-code test automation tool that does not require coding to write test scripts</li><li>Automate your web, mobile, desktop, and API tests in one place</li><li>Easy test maintenance on the cloud</li><li>No need to download any tools or frameworks</li><li>Supports parallel test execution</li></ul>



<p>Testsigma is also available as an open source and free version.Start automating your functional and integration tests with Testsigma Open Source</p>



<h2 id="h-wrapping-up"><span id="Wrapping_Up"><strong>Wrapping Up</strong></span></h2>



<p>Functional testing and integration testing are closely related to each other, but they are not the same. We hope that this article helped you understand them and their differences better.</p>



<h2 id="h-frequently-asked-questions"><span id="Frequently_Asked_Questions"><strong>Frequently Asked Questions</strong></span></h2>



<h3 id="h-is-functional-testing-manual-or-automation"><span id="Is_functional_testing_manual_or_automation">Is functional testing manual or automation? <strong></strong></span></h3>



<p>Functional testing can be both manual and automated. Manual functional testing involves human testers executing test cases manually to verify the software&#8217;s functionality. On the other hand, <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/automated-functional-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">automated functional testing</a> involves using automation testing tools to execute test cases and compare actual results with expected results. Automated functional testing is typically faster, more efficient, and repeatable than manual testing.</p>



<h3 id="h-is-integration-testing-the-same-as-uat"><span id="Is_integration_testing_the_same_as_UAT">Is integration testing the same as UAT? <strong></strong></span></h3>



<p>No, integration testing is not the same as user acceptance testing (UAT). They both serve different purposes in the <a href="https://aws.amazon.com/what-is/sdlc/#:~:text=The%20software%20development%20lifecycle%20(SDLC,expectations%20during%20production%20and%20beyond." target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">SDLC</a>. Integration testing is focused on verifying the interactions between different modules of the application, while UAT is focused on validating the software from the perspective of end-users.</p>



Integration testing vs End To End Testing
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Unit Testing vs Integration Testing
<blockquote class="wp-embedded-content" data-secret="O8XyUSYGxa"><a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/unit-test-vs-integration-test/">Unit Testing Vs Integration Testing &#8211; Important Differences</a></blockquote><iframe class="wp-embedded-content" sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);" title="&#8220;Unit Testing Vs Integration Testing &#8211; Important Differences&#8221; &#8212; Testsigma Blog" src="https://testsigma.com/blog/unit-test-vs-integration-test/embed/#?secret=RlLgSntih0#?secret=O8XyUSYGxa" data-secret="O8XyUSYGxa" width="500" height="282" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no"></iframe>


Functional testing tools
https://testsigma.com/tools/functional-testing-tools/


Functional testing vs Non Functional Testing
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Functional Testing Vs Integration Testing - Key Differences

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Adhoc Testing Explained with Types and Best Practices

A Complete GUI Testing Checklist With Examples


<p>Test case design techniques are the key to planning, designing, and implementing tests for software applications. These techniques involve various steps that aim to ensure the effectiveness of test cases in uncovering bugs or other defects in software programs. This blog post will review all these techniques, including their pros and cons and when to use them.</p>



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets"><p class="toc_title">Table Of Contents</p><ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#Test_Case_Design_Techniques"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">1</span> Test Case Design Techniques</a></li><li><a href="#A_basic_example_of_test_case_design"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">2</span> A basic example of test case design</a></li><li><a href="#What_are_the_types_of_test_case_design_techniques"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">3</span> What are the types of test case design techniques?</a><ul><li><a href="#1_Specification-Based_or_Black-Box_techniques"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">3.1</span> 1. Specification-Based or Black-Box techniques</a></li><li><a href="#2_Structure-Based_or_White-Box_techniques"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">3.2</span> 2. Structure-Based or White-Box techniques</a></li><li><a href="#Experience-Based_techniques"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">3.3</span> Experience-Based techniques</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Test_Case_Software_for_managing_Test_Cases"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">4</span> Test Case Software for managing Test Cases</a></li><li><a href="#Can_these_designs_be_helpful_while_automating_your_tests"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">5</span> Can these designs be helpful while automating your tests?</a></li><li><a href="#Summary"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">6</span> Summary</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">7</span> Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li><a href="#Why_are_test_case_design_techniques_used"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">7.1</span> Why are test case design techniques used?</a></li><li><a href="#What_are_the_advantages_of_test_case_design_techniques"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">7.2</span> What are the advantages of test case design techniques?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-test-case-design-techniques"><span id="Test_Case_Design_Techniques"><strong>Test Case Design Techniques</strong></span></h2>



<p>There are tons of different ways to design your test cases. These techniques help you test all your software&#8217;s features and functions efficiently.</p>



<h2 id="h-a-basic-example-of-test-case-design"><span id="A_basic_example_of_test_case_design"><strong>A basic example of test case design</strong></span></h2>



<p>Let us consider any e-commerce app or website (like Amazon or Flipkart) for test case design. We want to ensure users can quickly checkout and make payments without issues. Here we test for 1 product in the cart; we will see later that this test case design technique is a boundary value analysis technique.</p>



<p><strong>Title:</strong> Test that user can complete the checkout process when there is 1 item in the card. </p>



<p><strong>Description:</strong> Ensure users can checkout and make payments without issues on the website/app </p>



<p><strong>Preconditions: </strong>The user is already logged in </p>



<p><strong>Assumptions:</strong> They are using a supported device or browser to log in. </p>



<p><p style="padding-top:30px"><strong>Test Steps:</strong></p></p>



<ol><li>Open the app/website.</li><li>Go to 1 product</li><li>Add the product to the cart.</li><li>Check out the item in the cart.</li><li>Add address information for delivery</li><li>Add payment information</li><li>Complete the checkout process.</li></ol>



<p><p style="padding-top:15px"><strong>Expected Result</strong>: The checkout process should be complete, and the user should receive confirmation.</p></p>



<h2 id="h-what-are-the-types-of-test-case-design-techniques"><span id="What_are_the_types_of_test_case_design_techniques"><strong>What are the types of test case design techniques?</strong></span></h2>



<p>These test case design techniques can be classified into three major groups:</p>



<h3 id="h-1-specification-based-or-black-box-techniques"><span id="1_Specification-Based_or_Black-Box_techniques">1. <strong>Specification-Based or Black-Box techniques</strong></span></h3>



<p>Specification-based testing, also known as black-box testing, is a testing technique that focuses on testing the software system based on its functional requirements and specifications without any knowledge about the underlying code or system structure.</p>



<ol><li><strong>Boundary Value Analysis (BVA)</strong> identifies errors at the input domain&#8217;s boundary. A simple example of boundary value analysis would be testing a text box that requires the user to enter a number between 1 and 10. In this case, the boundary values would be 1 and 10, and we would test with values that are just above, at, and just below these boundaries.<br><br><strong> Example: </strong>We would test with 0, 1, 2, 9, 10, and 11. We can expect that errors or defects are most likely to occur at or near the boundary values. Identifying these issues early can help prevent them from causing problems later in the software development process.<br></li><li><strong>Equivalence Partitioning (EP)</strong> is another technique that helps reduce the required test cases. By partitioning test input data into classes with an equivalent number of data, one can design test cases for each class or partition. This technique ensures that one thoroughly tests the software while minimizing the required test cases. <br><br><strong>Example</strong>: If a program requires an input of numbers between 1 and 100, an EP test would include a range of values, such as 1-50 and 51-100, and numbers outside that range, such as -1 or 101. Testing one value from each partition is sufficient to test all values within that partition.<br></li><li><strong><a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/decision-table-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Decision Table Testing</a></strong> is a technique that involves designing test cases based on decision tables formulated using different combinations of inputs and their corresponding outputs based on various conditions and scenarios sticking to other business rules. This technique ensures that we test the software thoroughly and accurately. <br><br><strong>Example</strong>: If a program offers discounts based on the type of customer and the amount spent, a decision table would list all possible combinations of customer types and the amount paid to receive a discount. Each cell in the table would specify the value that should be applied. Testers can ensure the program behaves correctly under various scenarios by testing all combinations.<br></li><li>Developers use<strong> State Transition Diagrams(STD)</strong> to test software with a finite number of states of different types. A set of rules that define the response to various inputs guides the transition from one state to another. This technique is handy for systems with specific workflows within them. <br><br><strong>Example</strong>: Consider an e-commerce website that has different states such as &#8220;logged out,&#8221; &#8220;logged in,&#8221; &#8220;cart empty,&#8221; &#8220;cart not empty,&#8221; and &#8220;order placed.&#8221; The transitions between the states would be triggered by login in and logout, adding the product to the cart, removing the product from the cart, proceeding to checkout, etc. An STD can help visualize and test such complex states and transitions in a system.<br></li><li><strong>Use Case Testing</strong> involves designing test cases to execute different business scenarios and end-user functionalities. <br><br><strong>Example</strong>: A use case could be a &#8220;student enrolling in a course&#8221; on an academic website. Test cases would simulate the enrollment process and verify the system&#8217;s response from a student&#8217;s perspective.</li></ol>



<h3 id="h-2-structure-based-or-white-box-techniques"><span id="2_Structure-Based_or_White-Box_techniques">2. <strong>Structure-Based or White-Box techniques</strong></span></h3>



<p>Structure-based testing, also known as white-box testing, is a testing technique that involves the testing of internal structures or components of software applications. In this approach, the tests interact with the code directly. These tests are designed to ensure the code works correctly and efficiently.</p>



<ol><li><strong>Statement Testing and Coverage</strong> is a technique that involves executing all the executable statements in the source code at least once. We then calculate the percentage of executable statements as per the given requirement. <br><br><strong>Example</strong>: Consider code that inputs two numbers and checks if the first number is greater than or equal to the second. A statement coverage test would verify that both the &#8220;greater than&#8221; and &#8220;equal to&#8221; statements are executed during testing to ensure that all code branches are covered.<br></li><li><strong>Decision Testing Coverage</strong>, also known as branch coverage, validates all the branches in the code by executing each possible branch from each decision point at least once. This helps ensure that no branch leads to unexpected application behavior. <br><br><strong>Example</strong>: If a program requires an input of a number between 1 and 100 and uses an &#8220;if/else&#8221; statement to check if the number is even, decision testing coverage would ensure that both the even and odd outcomes have been tested to confirm all possible scenarios have been checked.<br></li><li><strong>Condition Testing</strong>, also known as Predicate coverage testing. It involves evaluating each Boolean expression in the code and checking its output values, TRUE or FALSE, against the expected outcomes. This test checks all outcomes at least once to achieve 100% code coverage. We design test cases that make it easy to execute the condition outcomes. <br><br><strong>Example</strong>: If a program determines whether a user is eligible for a discount based on age, condition testing would verify that the code handles each age group accurately. It would test age values such as one less than, one more than, and within the age range requirement to evaluate if the code performs as expected.<br></li><li><strong>Multiple Condition Testing</strong> aims to test different combinations of conditions to achieve 100% coverage. This technique requires two or more test scripts, which may require more effort. <br><br><strong>Example</strong>: If a program uses an &#8220;if/else&#8221; statement to check age and gender to provide a discount, multiple condition testing would verify that the program handles all possible scenarios correctly. It would test various age ranges and gender combinations to ensure the code performs accurately for all possibilities.<br></li><li><strong>All Path Testing </strong>leverages the source code of a program to find every executable path. <br><br><strong>Example</strong>: If a program asks a user for two inputs (A and B) and has multiple conditions, All Path Testing would ensure that each condition is tested independently. The technique would test all combinations of A and B, including zero, negative, and positive Testings, to identify any potential errors in the code.</li></ol>



<p>By implementing these testing techniques, testers, and developers can ensure the testing code is thoroughly tested and free of unexpected behavior. Choosing the appropriate method based on the project&#8217;s specific requirements is critical.</p>



<h3 id="h-experience-based-techniques"><span id="Experience-Based_techniques"><strong>Experience-Based techniques</strong></span></h3>



<p>The experience-based techniques can be broadly categorized into the following types:</p>



<ul><li><strong>Error Guessing</strong> is a testing technique that relies on the testers&#8217; skill, intuition, and experience to anticipate potential errors in the product.</li><br><li>On the other hand, <strong>Exploratory Testing</strong> is a technique used to test applications without any formal documentation. This method is recommended once scripted testing has been executed when working on the software.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-test-case-software-for-managing-test-cases"><span id="Test_Case_Software_for_managing_Test_Cases"><strong>Test Case Software for managing Test Cases</strong></span></h2>



<p>To ensure accurate test case management, it is essential to utilize refined test case software. This tool helps craft detailed test cases and enables users to report bugs that may arise from any failed step quickly.</p>



<p>Its advanced features allow for creating complete reports through built-in filters, providing valuable insights that can be acted upon. This innovative software empowers teams to manage their testing processes and deliver high-quality results efficiently.</p>



<p><strong>Examples of these tools include:</strong></p>



<ol><li>TestRail: A web-based tool that helps to manage, track, and organize test cases.</li><li>Zephyr: A comprehensive test case management tool that integrates with Jira and offers real-time visibility into testing activity.</li><li>TestLink: An open-source <a href="https://testsigma.com/test-management-tools">test management tool</a> that handles multiple test plans, requirements, test cases, and test reports.</li><li>SpiraTest: A flexible and comprehensive test management platform that offers traceability, version control, and defect tracking.</li><li>qTest: A web-based test management tool that automates test scheduling, offers collaboration, and integrates with other testing tools.</li></ol>



<h2 id="h-can-these-designs-be-helpful-while-automating-your-tests"><span id="Can_these_designs_be_helpful_while_automating_your_tests"><strong>Can these designs be helpful while automating your tests?</strong></span></h2>



<p>Yes! Test case design techniques help to create a structured approach to test automation. When test cases are well designed, achieving better test automation results is easier, sooner.</p>



<p><strong><a href="https://testsigma.com/">Testsigma</a></strong> is a genAI-based, low-code test automation tool that enables teams to create test cases in simple English. With that, it also supports data-driven testing and enables testers to implement all the test case designs efficiently.</p>



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<h2 id="h-summary"><span id="Summary"><strong>Summary</strong></span></h2>



<p>In this blog, we learned about test case design techniques that are fundamental in ensuring the effectiveness and efficiency of software testing. Knowledge of these testing techniques can enhance the testers&#8217; ability to design smart test cases that will be able to identify potential defects, avoid common pitfalls, and assess the performance and functionality of different software systems, better.</p>



<h2 id="h-frequently-asked-questions"><span id="Frequently_Asked_Questions"><strong>Frequently Asked Questions</strong></span></h2>



<h3 id="h-why-are-test-case-design-techniques-used"><span id="Why_are_test_case_design_techniques_used"><strong>Why are test case design techniques used?</strong></span></h3>



<p>These techniques are employed to optimize the testing process by identifying critical Testing and reducing redundancy, thus allowing for the efficient allocation of resources.</p>



<h3 id="h-what-are-the-advantages-of-test-case-design-techniques"><span id="What_are_the_advantages_of_test_case_design_techniques"><strong>What are the advantages of test case design techniques?</strong></span></h3>



<ol><li>Test case design techniques provide a more structured approach to testing, resulting in comprehensive test coverage and higher-quality software.</li><li>Using these techniques, testers can identify complex scenarios, generate effective test data, and design test cases that evaluate full system functionality.</li><li>It helps reduce the risk of missed defects and ensures all software requirements are met.</li><li>These techniques support faster and more efficient testing, reducing costs and increasing software reliability.</li></ol>




<customlinks>
<ts-link-item>
<ts-linktext-value>Calculator Test Cases</ts-linktext-value>
<ts-linkurl-value>https://testsigma.com/blog/calculator-test-cases/</ts-linkurl-value>
</ts-link-item>
<ts-link-item>
<ts-linktext-value>Test Cases for Amazon Shopping Cart</ts-linktext-value>
<ts-linkurl-value>https://testsigma.com/blog/test-cases-for-amazon-shopping-cart/</ts-linkurl-value>
</ts-link-item>
<ts-link-item>
<ts-linktext-value>Test Cases for Library Management System</ts-linktext-value>
<ts-linkurl-value>https://testsigma.com/blog/how-to-write-test-cases-for-library-management-system/</ts-linkurl-value>
</ts-link-item>
<ts-link-item>
<ts-linktext-value>Test Cases for Hotel Booking</ts-linktext-value>
<ts-linkurl-value>https://testsigma.com/blog/test-cases-for-hotel-booking/</ts-linkurl-value>
</ts-link-item>
<ts-link-item>
<ts-linktext-value>Test Cases for Coffee Machine</ts-linktext-value>
<ts-linkurl-value>https://testsigma.com/blog/test-cases-for-coffee-machine/</ts-linkurl-value>
</ts-link-item>
<ts-link-item>
<ts-linktext-value>Test Cases for Inventory Management System</ts-linktext-value>
<ts-linkurl-value>https://testsigma.com/blog/test-cases-for-inventory-management-system/</ts-linkurl-value>
</ts-link-item>
</customlinks>



Test Case Design Techniques in Software Testing

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