In this blog post, we&#8217;ll explain what mobile accessibility testing is and provide a simple example to help you understand the process. Make sure you go for the right tool and accomplish the testing.



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets">Table Of Contents<ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_is_Mobile_Accessibility_Testing">1 What is Mobile Accessibility Testing?</a></li><li><a href="#Why_is_Mobile_Accessibility_Testing_Important">2 Why is Mobile Accessibility Testing Important?</a></li><li><a href="#Need_for_Mobile_Accessibility_Testing">3 Need for Mobile Accessibility Testing</a></li><li><a href="#Tools_for_Mobile_Accessibility_Testing">4 Tools for Mobile Accessibility Testing</a><ul><li><a href="#For_iOS">4.1 For iOS</a><ul><li><a href="#For_Android">4.1.1 For Android</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="#5Step_Checklist_to_achieve_Mobile_App_Accessibility">5 5–Step Checklist to achieve Mobile App Accessibility</a></li><li><a href="#Summary">6 Summary</a></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-what-is-mobile-accessibility-testing">What is Mobile Accessibility Testing?</h2>



Mobile accessibility testing ensures mobile apps and websites are accessible to individuals with disabilities. This includes various visual, auditory, cognitive, and physical disabilities. The goal of mobile accessibility testing is to guarantee that all users, regardless of their abilities or limitations, can access and use the features and content on these platforms comfortably and effectively.



Read more &#8211; <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/accessibility-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Accessibility Testing</a>



<h2 id="h-why-is-mobile-accessibility-testing-important">Why is Mobile Accessibility Testing Important?</h2>



Mobile accessibility testing is necessary because it ensures mobile applications are accessible to users with disabilities. Inclusive design is essential for creating an environment where everyone can participate equally. It is the responsibility of developers and testers to make sure that mobile applications are accessible to everyone, regardless of their abilities.



<h2 id="h-need-for-mobile-accessibility-testing">Need for Mobile Accessibility Testing</h2>



Have you ever visited a website or used an app you couldn&#8217;t access properly? Maybe the text needed to be bigger, or the colors needed to be brighter, making it difficult to read. Here comes



<ol><li>It helps ensure that websites, applications, and digital products are usable by all people. This includes those with disabilities such as visual, hearing, and cognitive impairments.</li><li>It is essential for meeting legal requirements such as the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act. Check here &#8211; <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/ada-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">ADA Testing</a></li><li>This testing can help reduce the risk of lawsuits related to discrimination against people with disabilities.</li><li>It can help increase the overall usability of digital products, resulting in better user experiences and increased customer satisfaction.</li><li>This testing helps ensure digital products are accessible to users with diverse needs, such as those using assistive technologies or devices.</li><li>It can help organizations meet their goals of providing inclusive digital products and services.</li><li>It helps identify usability issues that may not be apparent to users without disabilities. This includes too tiny text or navigation elements that are difficult to access.</li><li>Incorporating mobile accessibility testing into an organization&#8217;s digital product development process can yield significant cost savings over time.</li><li>Mobile accessibility testing can help organizations improve their reputation and public perception.</li></ol>



Read more &#8211; <a href="https://testsigma.com/tools/accessibility-testing-tools/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Accessibility Testing Tools</a>



<h2 id="h-tools-for-mobile-accessibility-testing">Tools for Mobile Accessibility Testing</h2>



Mobile accessibility testing tools play a significant role in ensuring that mobile products are accessible and usable for everyone, including those with visual, auditory, cognitive, or motor impairments. When it comes to testing the accessibility of mobile apps for iOS, several tools can help.



<h3 id="h-for-ios">For iOS</h3>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter is-resized"><img loading="lazy" src="https://images.storychief.com/account_36412/image_f2984fc1a957d3f4de1546ee8dad7ce8_2000.png" alt="Mobile Accessibility Testing Tool For iOS" width="600" height="400"/></figure></div>



<ol><li>VoiceOver: As a tester, one of the critical considerations during mobile accessibility testing is the mobile application&#8217;s compatibility with screen readers, such as VoiceOver. VoiceOver is a built-in screen reader for iOS devices that reads the screen&#8217;s content aloud. During testing, it is essential to ensure that the app is compatible with VoiceOver and provides auditory descriptions of on-screen elements, including buttons, icons, and text. The application should also enable users to navigate the app using gestures and voice commands. Testing VoiceOver compatibility is particularly important for users with visual impairments or those who prefer auditory feedback. VoiceOver allows these individuals to use iOS devices and applications effectively, and as testers, we need to ensure that our applications cater to such users. Considering the mobile application&#8217;s compatibility with VoiceOver during our testing process, we can make our applications more accessible to a wider range of users. It can help us deliver a more inclusive and accommodating user experience and ensure that our applications conform to the standards of mobile app accessibility.</li><li>The Zoom feature: This feature of mobile devices allows low-vision users to increase the size of on-screen elements to make the content more legible and easier to see. During testing, it is essential to test the mobile application&#8217;s compatibility with the Zoom feature and ensure that all application elements can be zoomed in and out without any issues. To support zooming, the app should have resizable text, buttons, and other on-screen elements. We should also ensure that the Zoom feature does not adversely affect the application&#8217;s functionality. All links, buttons, and interactive elements should remain easy to click or touch, and all essential information should remain visible even when zoomed in.</li><li>Accessibility Inspector: Testers use the Accessibility Inspector to verify that all visual elements, such as buttons, icons, and graphics, have labels that screen readers can read aloud. We can also use it to check the application&#8217;s color contrast ratio and verify that resizable fonts are used to ensure an enjoyable experience for low-vision users. Using the Accessibility Inspector, we can analyze the flow of the application, visualize the accessibility hierarchy, and check if the app is accessible to assistive technologies, such as screen readers and voice recognition software. We can use the data collected through Accessibility Inspector to provide feedback to the developers to make necessary adjustments to optimize the app&#8217;s accessibility. We can also test the application again to confirm its compliance with mobile app accessibility standards and ensure it is usable and accessible to many users. Therefore, as testers, we should be proficient with tools like Accessibility Inspector to help ensure that mobile applications meet accessibility standards and are accessible to all users equally.</li><li>Testers can also employ third-party software like A11YTools: A11YTools can help testers identify accessibility issues like color contrast, navigation flow, and labels. The tool can also generate a report that highlights any accessibility issues it finds, making it easier for testers to identify and fix the issues.</li><li>ColorSlurp By using tools like ColorSlurp, testers can ensure that the mobile app is designed with accessibility in mind. We can perform color contrast analysis on various app elements such as text, icons, and other graphics to ensure that they stand out and that the content is legible for all users regardless of their visual abilities.</li></ol>



The following are the tools for Android devices. Some famous names in this category include



<h4 id="h-for-android">For Android</h4>



<ol><li><a href="https://support.google.com/accessibility/android/answer/6376570?hl=en" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Google Accessibility Scanner</a>: This tool developed by Google scans Android applications. It helps testers identify areas that may be challenging for users with disabilities to navigate. During testing, we can use this tool to scan the mobile application. We can also flag any accessibility issues that may be identified. With this feedback, we can further analyze and make specific changes to the application to improve its overall accessibility.</li><li>TalkBack: TalkBack reads the screen text and describes the application&#8217;s user interface to users with visual disabilities. During testing, we can enable TalkBack in the accessibility settings of the device and use it to navigate through the app using gestures, such as swiping and tapping. Thus, testers can use it to simulate the experience of visually impaired users and gain valuable insights into aspects of the application that may be challenging for such users.</li></ol>



With mobile accessibility testing, a tester aims to ensure that all members of the targeted user base have equal access to the mobile application. This is aimed at promoting inclusivity and optimizing the overall user experience.



<h2 id="h-5-step-checklist-to-achieve-mobile-app-accessibility">5–Step Checklist to achieve Mobile App Accessibility</h2>



Do you know Section 508? Section 508 is a law that makes sure people with disabilities have equal access to information. This means that websites, documents, and other electronic content must be designed to accommodate people with disabilities too.



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter is-resized"><img loading="lazy" src="https://images.storychief.com/account_36412/image_18ed8e8b5dd0159e2d39866499df44f9_2000.png" alt="5–Step Checklist to achieve Mobile App Accessibility" width="600" height="400"/></figure></div>



Here is the five-step checklist explained in detail:



<ol><li>Design for Accessibility: Design with accessibility in mind from the start of the design process. Use high-contrast colors and clear fonts, and avoid using images or icons that may be unclear or confusing to users with different abilities. For example: Suppose we are designing a mobile application for a restaurant. From the onset, we should design the app with accessibility in mind. We should consider using high-contrast colors with clear fonts to enhance readability, especially for visually impaired users. For instance, the primary color for the mobile app&#8217;s font could be a black or similar contrasting color, with white or off-white as the background color. This would ensure that the text is easily readable and that the images or photos used do not conflict with the readability of the text.</li><li>Use Descriptive Text: Use descriptive text to label elements on your app, such as buttons and images. This will ensure that screen readers and other assistive technologies can understand and communicate the information to visually impaired users. For example, you have a log in button on your app&#8217;s home screen. To make it accessible to visually impaired users, you would add descriptive text to the button&#8217;s label. Instead of labeling the button simply as &#8220;Login,&#8221; you might label it as &#8220;Login to your account.&#8221; This provides additional context for the user, which can help them understand what the button does and how it is relevant to their needs. Using descriptive text to label elements on your app ensures that all users can access important information, regardless of their visual abilities.</li><li>Include Alternate Text for Images: Provide alternate text for images to ensure that users with visual impairments can understand what the image represents. This is for Screen readers and other assistive technologies who can read this information. For example, Let&#8217;s say you have an app that includes an image of a product on a product description page. If a visually impaired user visits the page using a screen reader, they won&#8217;t be able to see the image. Instead, the screen reader will read the alternate text you provided for the image. In this case, you might provide the alternate text &#8220;Product image &#8211; blue t-shirt&#8221; for the image. This tells the user that the image shows a blue t-shirt, the product they want. To add alternate text to an image, you can typically do so in your app development platform&#8217;s image properties or settings menu. Providing accurate and descriptive alternate text for images is important, as this information can help visually impaired users understand your app&#8217;s content and features. Doing so can make your app more inclusive and available to all users.</li><li>Test with Assistive Technologies: This will ensure all users can access and operate the app. It will help you identify areas requiring improvement and make adjustments before launch. Here is an example to explain: Let&#8217;s say you&#8217;ve developed a new app for a fitness tracking service. You&#8217;ve added accessibility features such as labeled buttons and alternate text for images, but you&#8217;re not sure how well the app will perform with assistive technologies. To test the app with assistive technologies, you might use a screen reader or voice recognition software to simulate the experience of a visually impaired or mobility-impaired user. For example, you might use the VoiceOver screen reader on an iPhone to navigate the app and listen to how it reads out the different features and options. During testing, you might identify areas where the app could be improved for accessibility. You might find that specific images are not read out correctly by the screen reader or that certain buttons are not labeled enough. By testing the app with assistive technologies, you can make important improvements that will ensure the app is fully functional and accessible to all users. This can ultimately lead to a better user experience.</li></ol>



With the above-detailed checklist, you can ensure your mobile app is accessible to all users, including those with disabilities. It will also ensure everyone has equal access to your mobile app.



Check here &#8211; <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/how-big-is-the-global-accessibility-testing-market-and-how-fast-is-it-growing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Global Accessibility Testing Market</a>



<h2 id="h-summary">Summary</h2>



So, to summarize, mobile accessibility testing is all about checking if mobile apps are accessible for people with disabilities. Luckily, we&#8217;ve got tools to help us. These tools can help developers and testers find out if there are any accessibility problems in mobile apps. There are five things to remember when designing an accessible app:



<ul><li>Make sure it&#8217;s easy for everyone,</li><li>Use descriptive text,</li><li>Add alternate text for images,</li><li>Make sure it works well with a keyboard, and</li><li>Test it with assistive technologies.</li></ul>



If we follow these steps, we can create mobile apps that are inclusive and accessible to everyone, no matter what their abilities are.



Check here &#8211; <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/automating-accessibility-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Automated Accessibility Testing</a>

Mobile Accessibility Testing All That You Need to Know in Depth

Mobile Accessibility Testing: All That You Need to Know

Demystifying GraphQL - Tester’s edition

Demystifying How to Test GraphQL?

The Feynman learning Technique: A Systematic Way to Learn New Technologies

Feynman Learning Technique: Why to Use it in Testing Practices?

<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets">Table Of Contents<ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#Introduction">1 Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Defining_Brain_fog">2 Defining Brain fog:</a></li><li><a href="#Identifying_the_Causes_of_Brain_Fog">3 Identifying the Causes of Brain Fog:</a></li><li><a href="#What_Causes_Brain_Fog_in_Software_Testers">4 What Causes Brain Fog in Software Testers?</a></li><li><a href="#Recommended_Strategies_to_Overcome_Brain_Fog">5 Recommended Strategies to Overcome Brain Fog</a></li><li><a href="#Conclusion_Putting_it_all_Together">6 Conclusion: Putting it all Together</a></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-introduction">Introduction</h2>



Hello there,



Welcome to another interesting blog that discusses the current hardships that we face. The past few years have indeed been tough for all of us. We were all faced with several challenges, both professionally and personally. One of the primary causes for this was COVID-19. Following the epidemic, we are returning to normalcy. Most of us are still dealing with <a href="https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/coronavirus-disease-(covid-19)-post-covid-19-condition" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">post-covid symptoms</a> like depression, anxiety, stress, and so on. You may or may not be aware of the implications. However, in order to live a calm existence, it is imperative that these issues be addressed.



In today&#8217;s article, we&#8217;ll look at brain fog and its impacts. Is this a brand-new term? Don&#8217;t be concerned! We&#8217;ve got you covered. Let us study and practice together.



Let&#8217;s study and use some of the finest strategies for overcoming brain fog.&nbsp;



<h2 id="h-defining-brain-fog">Defining Brain fog:</h2>



The word &#8220;brain fog&#8221; refers to feelings of forgetfulness, bewilderment, and mental exhaustion. Brain fog is a prevalent occurrence that affects everyone, particularly in the post-COVID age. While brain fog is not a medical diagnosis, it is a genuine and distressing condition that can have an impact on your quality of life. When you have brain fog, it might be difficult to remember what you&#8217;ve learned, focus on your work, and think clearly. It can also make it difficult to think creatively or make decisions. In rare cases, brain fog might result in memory loss.



Brain fog can cause several symptoms, including:



&#8211; Being forgetful or unable to focus



&#8211; Being confused or disoriented&nbsp;



&#8211; Having difficulty performing activities&nbsp;



&#8211; Being mentally exhausted



 <h2 id="h-identifying-the-causes-of-brain-fog">Identifying the Causes of Brain Fog:</h2>



Brain fog is a prevalent problem that affects people of all ages and socioeconomic backgrounds. A multitude of reasons can contribute to it, including stress, lack of sleep, poor diet, dehydration, and hormone abnormalities.



<ul><li>Stress can overwhelm the brain, rendering it incapable of processing information properly.&nbsp;</li></ul>



<ul><li>Sleep deprivation can make it harder to concentrate and comprehend information.&nbsp;</li></ul>



<ul><li>Poor diet can lead to brain fog because the body needs certain nutrients to function properly.</li></ul>



<ul><li>Dehydration can cause disorientation and difficulties concentrating.&nbsp;</li></ul>



<ul><li>Hormonal imbalances might leave you feeling hazy and distracted.&nbsp;</li></ul>



<ul><li>Additionally, it can be caused by environmental factors like noise or light levels.&nbsp;</li></ul>



Identifying the origin of brain fog is critical for effective treatment. It is critical to monitor lifestyle factors such as stress, sleep, diet, and hydration.



<h2 id="h-what-causes-brain-fog-in-software-testers">What Causes Brain Fog in Software Testers?</h2>



Brain fog can be a debilitating condition for software testers, making it difficult to focus, remember facts, and recall details. It can be a source of frustration and cause of distress for testers, but there are ways to work through it. It is a state of confusion and difficulty to focus, which can make even the easiest of tasks seem difficult. As a software tester, it can be hard to complete tasks when brain fog is on the rise. By identifying the causes of brain fog, software testers can begin to move past it and shine brighter.&nbsp;



There are many possible causes of brain fog for software testers. It can be due to sleeplessness caused by project issues and timelines, improper work-life balance, same mundane project work, missing fun at work, etc. Whatever the cause, brain fog can make it difficult to think clearly and perform at your best.



<h2 id="h-recommended-strategies-to-overcome-brain-fog">Recommended Strategies to Overcome Brain Fog</h2>



We all suffer from brain fog at one time or another. As software testers, we are constantly finding bugs and checking for errors in code, a seemingly endless task. Also, we are gatekeepers of the project, which puts a lot of pressure on us. This can be draining and make it harder to stay focused and efficient. The first step in overcoming brain fog is to identify its source.



If you&#8217;re a software tester and you&#8217;re struggling with brain fog, there are a few things you can do to try and clear it up.



<ul><li>Take regular breaks: It is critical for software testers to take frequent breaks to renew their minds and avoid brain fog. During breaks, they are free to engage in whatever activity they find comforting, such as reading, listening to music, or creating anything really.</li></ul> 



<ul><li>Delegate tasks: Software testers can feel overwhelmed by the amount of work they have to do and feel brain fog due to the amount of pressure they are under. So to avoid this, it is crucial to do a proper work delegation and understand when it&#8217;s necessary to let go of some work and let someone else do it.</li></ul> 



<ul><li>Say &#8220;No&#8221;: As a software tester, it&#8217;s important to be a team player and be able to say &#8216;no.&#8217; You should be able to say &#8216;no&#8217; whenever you are overwhelmed by too much work. Please don&#8217;t wait for the threshold and burst on. Always keep an eye on how you feel and start saying no to any tasks that are not essential and adding to your workload.</li></ul> 



<ul><li>Get adequate sleep: The vast majority of testers work long hours, which might lead to exhaustion. To avoid this, it is crucial to keep a regular sleeping pattern to ensure that your mind and body receive adequate rest. Every day, strive to get 8 hours of good sleep.</li></ul> 



<ul><li>Organize the work and workstation: Staying organized helps you to keep track of tasks and deadlines and make sure that your work is progressing in the right direction. This will help to reduce confusion and make it easier for the tester to focus on the tasks at hand. Organizing doesn&#8217;t mean that you are supposed to complete all the tasks. It’s about prioritizing, deprioritizing, decluttering etc. This will give you clarity on what needs to be done when. Also, please keep your work environment neat and tidy. Organizing your workspace will help you to be more productive, and it will also help you to feel more relaxed and calm.&nbsp;</li></ul> 



<ul><li>Exercise regularly: Exercise not only keeps software testers physically healthy, but it also helps them clear their thoughts and focus more effectively. Regular physical activity also aids in the release of happy hormones, which can assist in boosting mood and maintaining the brain health. Start simple. Begin with walking for 30 minutes a day and gradually increase the amount of time and intensity.</li></ul> 



<ul><li>Eat a balanced diet: One of the biggest causes of fatigue and brain fog is a poor diet. A healthy diet rich in fresh fruits and vegetables is vital for maintaining energy levels throughout the day. <a href="https://carnivorestyle.com/carnivore-diet/meal-plans/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Plan your meal</a> in advance to ensure that you have a healthy, balanced meal.</li></ul>



<ul><li>Drink Plenty of Water: Dehydration can cause fatigue and disorientation, so drinking lots of water throughout the day can assist in keeping the mind clear and operating at peak performance.</li></ul> 



<ul><li>Practice positive thinking: Positive thinking is a powerful technique that may help to reduce worries and anxiety. Every day, software testers should practice positive thinking by visualizing their goals, staying present, and thinking about the positives/good results.</li></ul> 



<ul><li>Meditate: Meditation can assist the mind in being in the present moment, boosting attention and decreasing brain fog. The discipline of being attentive and present in the moment, focusing on the current experience, and letting thoughts and emotions pass without getting caught up in them, is known as mindful meditation. By clearing the thoughts of distractions and focusing on what is happening in the now, mindful meditation can help software testers stay focused and enthusiastic.</li></ul> 



<ul><li>Make a routine and stick to it: Developing a routine and sticking to it until it becomes a habit will help ensure that your body and mind get the rest and relaxation they require.</li></ul> 



<ul><li>Change up the Task: Doing the same task for an extended period of time can lead to boredom and exhaustion, therefore, switching tasks can assist in maintaining attention and prevent brain fog.</li></ul> 



<ul><li>Make Time for Fun: Taking time to unwind and enjoy activities outside of work can assist in decreasing stress, improve mental clarity, and rejuvenate the mind.</li></ul> 



<ul><li>Spending time outside in nature: Getting out in nature for a few minutes might assist to clear the mind and make it easier to focus on the subject at hand.</li></ul>



If you&#8217;re still struggling, there are some cognitive-enhancing supplements that you can try. Of course, you need to consult the medical practitioner before that. And finally, if all else fails, you can always take a long break from work and come back to it when you&#8217;re feeling more clear-headed.



<h2 id="h-conclusion-putting-it-all-together">Conclusion: Putting it all Together</h2>



Brain fog can be an obstacle in the software testing profession. However, with the proper knowledge and strategies, it can be managed and even eliminated. We, as software testers, should be more open-minded and enthusiastic so that our brains can help in delivering the best quality products.&nbsp;



Finally, it is important to remember that brain fog affects everyone. It is natural to experience difficulty in focusing at times. By taking regular breaks, staying organized and maintaining a healthy lifestyle, software testers can overcome the effects of brain fog and continue to shine brighter.&nbsp;



You might want to read some more blogs by Pricilla Bilavendran:



<a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/software-test-engineer-stress/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Is there a way for software test engineers to manage stress in this culture of hustle?</a>



<a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/a-testers-gambit/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">A Tester’s Gambit</a>



<a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/how-to-be-an-open-minded-tester/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">How To Be An Open-Minded Tester?</a>

How Software Testers can overcome Brain Fog and Shine Brighter

A Guide to Handling a WebTable in Selenium

You are working on software. But how do you ensure your users will be able to use it? User acceptance testing may hold the answer for you. This blog post will cover everything from the basics of UAT to the User Acceptance Testing Checklist, and, most importantly, we will share some tips and tricks with you.



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets">Table Of Contents<ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#User_Acceptance_Testing_UAT_Checklist">1 User Acceptance Testing (UAT) Checklist</a><ul><li><a href="#Initiating_the_UAT_project">1.1 Initiating the UAT project</a></li><li><a href="#Planning">1.2 Planning </a></li><li><a href="#Design">1.3 Design</a></li><li><a href="#Execution">1.4 Execution</a></li><li><a href="#Release_Decisions">1.5 Release Decisions</a></li><li><a href="#Post-User_Acceptance_Testing_Actions">1.6 Post-User Acceptance Testing Actions</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#User_Acceptance_Testing_Checklist_Example">2 User Acceptance Testing Checklist Example</a></li><li><a href="#Benefits_of_having_a_UAT_Checklist">3 Benefits of having a UAT Checklist</a></li><li><a href="#Automate_your_Acceptance_Tests">4 Automate your Acceptance Tests</a></li><li><a href="#Summary">5 Summary</a></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-user-acceptance-testing-uat-checklist">User Acceptance Testing (UAT) Checklist</h2>



Here is a checklist for User Acceptance Testing that includes some of the essential elements to consider while conducting UAT:



<h3 id="initiating-the-uat-project">Initiating the UAT project</h3>



Initiating the<a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/uat-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> User Acceptance Testing</a> (UAT) project is a big deal.



First, involve all the essential peeps like developers, testers, project managers, and end users. Your test cases need to be super thorough and cover all possible scenarios.



Once your test cases are ready, review them by stakeholders to ensure they&#8217;re accurate and complete.



<h3 id="h-planning">Planning </h3>



Make a UAT plan with clear goals and tasks, like setting up the test environment, creating test cases, and deciding on a timeline. This plan will help guide the whole testing process.



<h3 id="h-design">Design</h3>



Next, you must create test cases based on user stories or use cases from the requirements document.



<h3 id="h-execution">Execution</h3>



The UAT Execution process involves testing the system or application by actual users to determine whether it meets their requirements and expectations. We analyze and evaluate the results and make necessary changes before the final release.



The UAT Execution process is essential in ensuring the product is user-friendly, meets the requirements, and satisfies the client&#8217;s needs.



<h3 id="h-release-decisions">Release Decisions</h3>



Before releasing the software, the User Acceptance Testing (UAT) process must be completed. The team will examine the UAT results and make release decisions to ensure the software meets end-user requirements. They should evaluate feedback, identify issues or flaws, and remedy them before launching the software.



The successful completion of User Acceptance Testing (UAT) can indicate the software&#8217;s readiness for launch; however, it is essential to consider other elements, such as technical and financial viability. Making decisions based on data is imperative to guarantee that the software meets end-users&#8217; demands and achieves success within the market.



<h3 id="h-post-user-acceptance-testing-actions">Post-User Acceptance Testing Actions</h3>



Post-User Acceptance Testing Actions refer to the steps taken after successfully testing a software application. These actions involve analyzing the testing results, identifying any issues or bugs found, and fixing them before the final implementation of the software. Post-testing involves collecting and incorporating user feedback into the <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/uxui-how-improve-user-experience-software-development-rodriguez" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">software design to improve user experience</a>.



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<h2 id="user-acceptance-testing-checklist-example">User Acceptance Testing Checklist Example</h2>



For the User Acceptance Testing checklist example, let’s look at a <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/test-scenario/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">test scenario</a> of an e-commerce website. The objective is to ensure that the new features of the website work expectedly and meet user requirements. The test environment is staging.



<figure class="wp-block-table"><table><tbody><tr><td>Test ID</td><td>Test Scenario</td><td>Test Steps</td><td>Expected Resuts</td><td>Actual Results</td><td>Pass/Fail</td><td>Comments</td></tr><tr><td>1</td><td>User registration</td><td>1. Navigate to the registration page. 2. Fill out the registration form. 3. Submit the form.</td><td>New user should be registered and redirected to the homepage</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>User login</td><td>1. Navigate to the login page. 2. Enter valid credentials. 3. Click the login button.</td><td>User should be logged in and taken to the dashboard.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Add to cart</td><td>1. Search for a product. 2. Select the product. 3. Click on &#8220;Add to Cart&#8221;.</td><td>Product(s) should be added to the shopping cart.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>Order history</td><td>1. Navigate to the user account page. 2. Click on &#8220;Order History”.</td><td>User should see a list of past orders.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>Checkout process</td><td>1. Go to the shopping cart. 2. Click on &#8220;Proceed to Checkout&#8221;. 3. Fill out shipping and payment details. 4. Submit the order.</td><td>Order should be placed successfully, and confirmation email sent.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>Filter products by category</td><td>1. Navigate to the category page. 2. Apply a category filter.</td><td>Products should be filtered according to the selected category.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>



Check here &#8211; <a href="https://testsigma.com/user-acceptance-testing-tools" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Best User Acceptance Testing Tools  </a>



<h2 id="benefits-of-having-a-uat-checklist">Benefits of having a UAT Checklist</h2>



Now, you have a checklist handy. All you have to do is put this checklist to good use. Below are the benefits you reap when using a checklist like this to the dot:



<ul><li>Consistency and efficiency come when you run tests in a sequence without missing any step.</li><li>Checklists allow testers to track which test cases have been executed, their outcomes, and any issues encountered.</li><li>You can record and refer to the results along with the comments to stay on top of any changes that might happen in the text scenario.</li><li>A checklist provides a structured approach to UAT testing.</li><li>It promotes communication and collaboration among team members.</li></ul>



Check here &#8211; <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/uat-test-cases-template/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">UAT Test Case Template</a>



<h2 id="h-automate-your-acceptance-tests">Automate your Acceptance Tests</h2>



Once the needed changes are incorporated into the product, the next step is to automate the <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/acceptance-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">acceptance tests</a>. For automating these tests, you need to choose the tool that would be right for you and would let you grow your<a href="https://testsigma.com/automated-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> test automation</a> suite further. 



Testsigma is a tool for automating acceptance tests and allows you to scale your test automation efforts when needed. Some features that make it ideal for the automation of acceptance tests are:



 i. It&#8217;s a no-code test automation tool; thus, writing your tests is like writing them in simple English. You don&#8217;t need to be an expert in coding here. 



ii. You begin your test automation in minutes. 



iii. Testsigma lets you automate your tests for web, mobile, desktop, and APIs from the same place. 



iv. The test cases are very easy to edit too. Testsigma is also available as open source and free. 



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Automate UAT Tests over 3000+ Real Devices on Cloud with Testsigma. No coding required. 
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<h2 id="h-summary">Summary</h2>



Ultimately, UAT is an essential step that ensures the product offered to the end-users is high quality, meets their expectations, and is accepted as a valuable addition to their work or lifestyle. A User Acceptance Testing checklist outlines all the steps and procedures to complete the UAT process successfully.



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<ts-link-item>
<ts-linktext-value>User Acceptance Testing VS Usability Testing</ts-linktext-value>
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User Acceptance Testing Checklist- 6 Essential Elements To Consider

User Acceptance Testing Checklist – 6 Factors to Consider

Hello there, I hope you are doing well! Welcome back to another interesting blog.&nbsp;



I was watching one of the NAS daily videos with my five-year-old recently. It was about a few Japanese facts. People are incredibly humble and kind. They also appear to emphasize respect for others. This piqued my curiosity to study Japanese culture further. 



Then I got to know about a book called “<a href="https://www.goodreads.com/en/book/show/40534545" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">Ikigai: The Japanese Secret to a Long and Happy Life</a>&#8216;. Reading that book was one of the life-changing experiences of my life. Yes, I enjoyed reading that book and suggested to a few of my friends and family members to read this book too.&nbsp;



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter is-resized"><img loading="lazy" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/QhJcuOPd5KHlcaQkaCfPyUndgKOae7iTbvjq84_GZtq2TqlozlbBsMFtwWj_1Qlj-xW1ztHl6vjwFW1v5iZm8TgAinnVjq8mdOuDVsy3ElPZ5ehoWKzm_14JlgtS8kFFWEVS2dLNl4Bt1Zw-ruwL3O0" alt="Testsigma - Test automation platform" width="600" height="400"/></figure></div>



However, my research on Japanese concepts continued. I discovered a wealth of fascinating facts and knowledge about Japanese culture. Finally, it appears that they have much to teach us.



Let&#8217;s study some Japanese phrases and the thoughts behind them in this blog. Also, how is this beneficial to software testers, and why should we have a good understanding of it.



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets">Table Of Contents<ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_Are_Japanese_Concepts">1 What Are Japanese Concepts?</a></li><li><a href="#Japanese_Concepts_for_Software_Testers">2 Japanese Concepts for Software Testers:</a></li><li><a href="#To_conclude">3 To conclude:</a></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-what-are-japanese-concepts">What Are Japanese Concepts?</h2>



Japanese culture has had a long history of emphasizing excellence and appreciation of detail. Japanese concepts are ideas, values, and beliefs that are important in Japanese culture. Some examples include respect for elders, the importance of hard work, and the idea of harmony between people and nature. 



These concepts help to shape the way people in Japan live their lives. Many of the concepts and philosophies developed in Japan, such as Kaizen and Kanban, have become popular in the software industry. But to my surprise, there are many more overlooked concepts that will enrich your life and help you be a better software tester.



<h2 id="japanese-concepts-for-software-testers">Japanese Concepts for Software Testers:</h2>



Software Testers play an essential role in ensuring the quality of software applications. Let’s see in detail the Japanese concepts which can help us to elevate the testing process:



<p id="kaizen-it-s-an-approach-to-continuously-improve-processes-products-and-services-on-small-incremental-levels-a-philosophy-of-continuous-improvement-focused-on-small-incremental-adjustments-over-time-to-improve-quality">1. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaizen" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Kaizen</a>: It’s an approach to continuously improve processes, products, and services on small incremental levels. A philosophy of continuous improvement focused on small incremental adjustments over time to improve quality.&nbsp;



In the world of software testing, Kaizen is an important concept that testers should be familiar with. Kaizen, which literally translates to “change for the better”,&nbsp; emphasizes small incremental changes over drastic reform, which can help ensure that any changes made are manageable and effective. Kaizen requires that everyone involved in a project take responsibility for their actions and ensure that processes are continually improved.&nbsp;



It is a flexible system that allows for changes to be implemented quickly and efficiently, as problems are identified and solutions are put forward. This makes it the ideal methodology for software testing, as testers need to be able to quickly identify and debug any issues that arise during Test execution.



2. Kanban: Kanban is a popular method for managing tasks and processes. It is a system that utilizes visual cards to track progress and prioritize tasks. The cards are placed on a board and visually represent tasks to be done. A process commonly used among software testers, emphasizes doing only the necessary tasks in order to reach the goal. Using visual signals to identify and stimulate process improvement during software testing &#8211; a Kanban system describes, visualizes, and manages the production process.&nbsp;



Here’s an example of how kanban works: Say you’re working on a marketing project for a client. As part of the project, you need to arrange social media posts, develop content, design sales brochures, and book webinars. You use sticky notes and put them on a Kanban board. The labels on the notes will be: “To-Do”, “In Progress” and “Done”.&nbsp;



You start by labeling the first note “To-Do”. You need to arrange the social media posts so you write “Arrange Social Media Posts”. You then write the other tasks on other notes and label them “To-Do” as well. As you begin working on the tasks, you move them to the “In Progress” label. Once they are done, you move them to the “Done” label.&nbsp;



The Kanban board lets you easily see which tasks you have done, which tasks are in progress, and which tasks still need to be done. By visually tracking tasks, it allows you to focus on the tasks that still need to be done.&nbsp;



 In the world of software testing, there are a variety of concepts and principles that are essential to know in order to do one’s job effectively. Kanban is a powerful tool that can help software testers stay organized and efficient, leading to better results. Kanban works by breaking down tasks and resources into distinct stages, allowing software testers to easily identify bottlenecks and plan ahead for upcoming work.



3. Genchi Genbutsu: It’s a Japanese phrase meaning &#8220;go and see&#8221; that encourages software testers to observe and learn about the end-user experience. A notion that promotes traveling to the real location to obtain knowledge to make a more informed decision. Going to the source to gain a deeper understanding of a process, product, or anything related by directly observing and questioning.&nbsp;



 It is a core part of the Toyota Production System (TPS) and is a central principle of the company&#8217;s philosophy. The lean manufacturing philosophy behind Genchi Genbutsu is that management should be thorough in their investigations, always going to the source of any customer or production issue to not just physically observe but also learn the underlying causes. For example, a customer is complaining about the application&#8217;s slowness. They try to replicate the user scenario (location, OS/device, user profile) and try to understand more about the root cause. Armed with this data, the project team will then be in a much stronger position to diagnose the issue and prevent it from happening in the future.



4. Shikata Ga Nai:&nbsp; &#8220;Shikata ga nai,&#8221; or &#8220;Sho ga nai,&#8221; is a Japanese phrase that means “it cannot be helped” or “it is what it is” and nothing can be done about it, accepting that there are certain situations and circumstances that are out of our control. It’s the art of letting it go. Sometimes after strenuous effort, things won’t work the way we wanted them to. For example, if you have worked hard for a production release, and something goes wrong in production, there are multiple reasons for that &#8211; not just insufficient test coverage. So, start work on the bugs and test the fixes. Also, make sure to add those scenarios to the regression test case suite. In a nutshell, instead of thinking about it, work on the action items and just let it go.



5. Kata: Kata is a Japanese word that means &#8220;form&#8221; or &#8220;pattern&#8221;. It is often used to describe specific sequences of exercises used to teach martial arts techniques, such as Shotokan karate. A structured sequence of steps and actions used to practice and teach a skill. Every event will follow a specific pattern and we should implement this skill while studying the application behavior or debugging a defect. Getting to know the pattern can help you gain a deeper understanding of the application behavior.



6. Jidoka: Jidoka is an automated quality control technique pioneered by Sakichi Toyoda of the Toyota Corporation in the early 20th century. It is used to identify and correct defects in a process or product before it is sent to a customer. Jidoka teaches machines and people to detect problems and take appropriate action. Automation with a Human Touch that focuses on preventing defects versus a quick discovery and repair. For example, A manufacturer of widgets is using a jidoka system in their production process. Every time a widget is made, its form and function are assessed. If the widget fails these tests, the machine will shut down and alert a human operator. The operator can then investigate the issue and correct it before any further widgets are produced. This ensures that each widget meets quality standards and prevents bad widgets from being shipped to customers. Similarly, we develop the product prototype and then we develop in sprints, which can help us to ensure that we are on track with the product features.



7. Jishuken: A competitive method of testing in which two tester teams are pitted against one another to improve and refine ideas or processes. Jishuken is a Japanese management style focusing on self-improvement and small, steady improvements in the form of Kaizen. It utilizes a team-based approach to problem-solving, incorporating small incremental changes in improvement processes. Jishuken revolves around a process of continuous improvement and self-reflection, conducted within a team and supported by leaders, to identify areas of improvement and develop strategies to address the issues identified. The concept puts forth the idea that a team can accomplish more when each individual gives up his own opinion to reach a common goal.



8. Muda: Muda is a Japanese business term for “waste”. It is derived from the Lean manufacturing production system and refers to any activity that does not directly add value to the product or service. A concept used for process testing and efficiency; identifying and eliminating unnecessary steps in order to improve the overall process. Waste or any activity that doesn’t add value to the product or service. In the entire Software Testing life cycle, we have to identify the waste and try to eliminate it. This saves a lot of our time and effort.&nbsp;



9. Poka-Yoke: Poka-Yoke is an approach to mistake-proofing (inadvertent error prevention) processes, products, and services to ensure the end user gets the expected and correct outcome the first time. The purpose of Poka-Yoke is to develop processes to reduce defects by avoiding or correcting (designed to show alerts or warning messages to the user) mistakes in the early design and development phases.&nbsp;



 This technique is mostly used in manufacturing industries but now this effective technique is also adapted to software development processes as well. We focus more on <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/how-does-testsigma-support-the-shift-left-approach/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">shift left</a> defects and back-end testing to reduce the effort, cost, and time. One simple example could include placing a sticky warning label right next to a hazard sign to draw attention to it, or having a different color key for each type of tool so an operator can easily identify the correct key. In Software Testing, we can implement this and focus more on error-prevention techniques in the early phases of testing.



10. Hansei: The Japanese concept of Hansei is a process of reflection and self-criticism used to improve one’s self. The term translates to “self-reflection” and refers to a reflective process that focuses on challenging one’s own beliefs and opening up to alternatives. Through Hansei, individuals can gain insight into how to solve their present challenges and identify areas of improvement. A concept of personal reflection after completing a task meant to improve future projects. Our retrospective meetings are a great example of the Hansei.



11. Ishikawa Diagram: An Ishikawa diagram, also known as a fishbone, cause-and-effect diagram, or Carter diagram, is a business tool used to identify, analyze, and prevent errors and defects in a process. The Ishikawa diagram is a graphical representation of various causes for an event that can help identify and categorize potential causes. It&#8217;s an organized way to look at an event, breaking down the individual components that cause it.



For example, a software project that is facing delays might look something like this:



Head of Fish (Problem Statement): Delays in Software Project



Bones:



&#8211; People: Unskilled staff, incompatible skills with the task, lack of coordination



&#8211; Process/Systems: Poor planning, resource mismanagement, lack of documentation



&#8211; Materials: Inadequate budget, poor quality



&#8211; Environment: Poor environment, External dependencies



Once the potential causes have been identified, the team can organize and prioritize potential solutions. This helps the team to quickly and efficiently identify the root cause of the problem and take the necessary steps to remedy it.



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter is-resized"><img loading="lazy" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/Rk_reaRBFcPAuSmQ6BAokY9fdzN-UxCABJTfLPjIF0mNRLyY6cDVzwv0yactfSOkfettedCr92mfOLCnqndXgLpGgNL5L0dFQKishX5iR3lQiSZSH3N7_ftpe3XHCner2Gktod0eYRjwZMZjIyjPJVk" alt="Fish bone diagram" width="800" height="400"/></figure></div>



 <h2 id="to-conclude">To conclude:</h2>



Isn’t it way too interesting? I enjoyed learning about these Japanese concepts and found that in a way we are already using many of them in our processes and daily work. Not only technical, but sometimes we need to rethink our whole way of doing things. It’s a holistic process of mind, body, and soul.&nbsp;



I strongly believe everyone has something to teach us and we can learn from everyone. Same way, we can learn from people with different cultural backgrounds and that’s why inclusive teams are the best-performing ones.&nbsp;



Hope you enjoyed reading this blog. The list is so big, so stay tuned for the next blog to know more about a few other interesting concepts. please let us know what your favorite Japanese concept is and what makes you feel so.&nbsp;



PC:<a href="http://Freepik.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">Freepik.com</a>



Read more similar blogs by <a href="mailto:bpricilla@gmail.com">Pricilla Bilavendran</a>:



<a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/how-to-be-an-open-minded-tester/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">How To Be An Open-Minded Tester?</a>



<a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/software-test-engineer-stress/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Is there a way for software test engineers to manage stress in this culture of hustle?</a>



<a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/a-testers-gambit/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">A Tester’s Gambit</a>



<a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/how-to-be-an-open-minded-tester/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">How To Be An Open-Minded Tester?</a>&nbsp;

Achieving Zen in Software Testing A Journey Through Japanese Concepts

Achieving Zen in Software Testing: A Journey Through Japanese Concepts

Most Commonly Asked API Testing Interview Questions

Cypress vs Selenium- Which Framework is Best Fit for You?

How To Use Desired Capabilities in Selenium WebDriver and Appium

Test automation distinguishes itself by making a difference via reducing expenses, boosting productivity, and lowering error rates. No development team, I&#8217;m sure, will reject the efficiency that a solid automation suite can establish during a typical development process. The most significant of these traits is that test automation is a collaborative and time-consuming effort. Silo tests frequently fail to produce the desired outcomes, especially when many teams are working together to create impact.&nbsp;



In order to keep the machine running smoothly, collaboration is essential oil. This article focuses on the six crucial principles, software test automation teams should talk about before beginning to automate the tests &nbsp;Creating consensus and outlining common rules aids teams in creating and maintaining cleaner and efficient code.



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" src="https://testsigma.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/image-37.png" alt="6 test automation principles" class="wp-image-27469" width="600" height="400"/></figure></div>



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets">Table Of Contents<ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#1_System_statenbsp">1 1. System state&nbsp;</a></li><li><a href="#2_Authenticationnbsp">2 2. Authentication&nbsp;</a></li><li><a href="#3_Authorisationnbsp">3 3. Authorisation&nbsp;</a></li><li><a href="#4_Test_data_bed">4 4. Test data bed</a></li><li><a href="#5_Test_Layeringnbsp">5 5. Test Layering&nbsp;</a></li><li><a href="#6_Frequency_of_test_executionnbsp">6 6. Frequency of test execution&nbsp;</a></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-1-system-state">1. System state&nbsp;</h2>



While building the test automation suite, one important principle is “system state”. System state makes the foundational aspect and has direct influence on the success or failure of test suite. Considering the application design into the account teams have to consider the state in which the application presents better. Not to forget the costs involved in maintaining the environment. Test environments are set up in various ways&nbsp;



i. Long Living test environment &#8211; These are the test environments, once set up will continue to run except few maintenance shutdowns. Usually, enterprise applications are backed with such test environments due to the complexity of the business functions and speghetti system configuration. Most often we also see legacy applications running on long living test environments.&nbsp;



ii. Hybrid test environments &#8211; These are the test environments where part of the system configuration is up and running all the time, whereas some part can be triggered on-demand. These type of test environments are the most complex to work with due to the partial existence, not many teams prefer the system set up this way.&nbsp;



iii. On-demand Test environments&#8211; These are the test environments which can be set up anytime and dismantled after the use. Most often cloud applications harness this advantage.&nbsp;



In each of these test environment the behavior of test data, authroization, authentication and external integrations vary at various levels. Test teams have to&nbsp; take into application architecture into account before designing the E2E tests. While long living test environments are blessed with an advantage of maintaining and managing the system status, the On-demand environments have advantage of prestine test environment avoiding any stale test data.



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" src="https://testsigma.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/image-39.png" alt="test environments" class="wp-image-27473" width="600" height="400"/><figcaption>On-demand Test environments</figcaption></figure></div>



<h2 id="2-authentication">2. Authentication&nbsp;</h2>



The most fundamental test that any automation suite may have is user authentication into an application. However, the majority of applications operate behind cookies. When a user logs into an application, the application is supported by pertinent cookies to function around the user. The high level of personal experience that e-commerce websites want to deliver necessitates that these applications operate behind cookies.&nbsp;



There are 2 ways to distribute these cookies.&nbsp;



1. Create the appearance of a typical user action and log in to the application using the user credentials.&nbsp;



2. After starting the program, insert these cookies into the active browser session to acquire access to it before the window loads.&nbsp;



Before creating the test suits, test teams should agree on the execution strategy, especially in multi-scrum/scaled agile teams. Depending on how the system is accessed, various <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/software-testing-strategy/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">testing strategies</a> are used. When tests are created to use embedded cookies, extra caution must be taken to check the cookies each time the session reloads; otherwise, the tests will continue to regularly fail.&nbsp;



According to the test requirements of the team, the test suite is frequently repeated and run in a variety of environments, including development, testing, staging, demo, and production. In these circumstances, the test suit unquestionably requires clarification regarding how authentication will be handled.



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" src="https://testsigma.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/image-38.png" alt="Authentication " class="wp-image-27471" width="600" height="400"/><figcaption>Authentication&nbsp;</figcaption></figure></div>



<h2 id="3-authorisation">3. Authorisation&nbsp;</h2>



One of the key concepts in any B2B or B2C application is access management. Authorization for user layers is a widely used notion in business solutions. Before developing the test automation suit, this is one of the most vital aspects that needs to be addressed. Concepts related to identity and access management should be handled as early in the phase as possible given they directly affect the test design.&nbsp;



Below are a few open questions to consider&nbsp;



Should you create several users with various levels of access? or alter the authorisations on the fly while running the test?&nbsp;



Should you create a new user each time the test is triggered? or can we have long living user credentials?&nbsp;



How do you prefer to compare modifications made by users with varying levels of authorisation?&nbsp;



What levels must be included in the process of test automation? Should we conduct vertical testing or handle each tier separately? What user combinations can never be generated?&nbsp;



Test data dependancy for user levels&nbsp;



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<h2 id="4-test-data-bed">4. Test data bed</h2>



Preparing the test bed before the test execution is very important. Most tests should be supported with relevant Test data for successful execution. Theoretically most data should be flexible and should be achieved through parameterization. However, in real world execution not all tests can be run on flexible protocol due to various parameters.&nbsp;



A shared understanding of the constants used for the test execution should be established. Test framework should also be supported with separate file with collection of hard data. Application URL, User credentials, search terms, forms etc are classic examples where we see hard data being seeded.&nbsp;



<h2 id="5-test-layering">5. Test Layering&nbsp;</h2>



Load a Frontend, perform an action wait for the operation to take place triggering changed UI state. Applying assertion on the changed UI state is what by and large is defined as test automation. Personally, I believe this is not how tests should be automated. By restricting the checks only to the old v/s new UI state you are barely scratching the surface of the test goal.&nbsp;



Establish a clear test design guideline for all CRUD operations performed and layers that needs to be verified to call it a successful tests. For example: When a user is prompted to fill the form and on click of save button the form details will be saved in backend DB. The tests should include the verification of the calls made to the backend, type of data transferred, checking the headers for security, verifying the response call, verifying the response schema and finally validating the data rendering on the UI makes a complete test flow for respective feature.&nbsp;



Let us not forget, achieving such test design needs good hold technically. Most often test teams lose their track over a period of time when new team members join and automation is handed over with less care.



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" src="https://testsigma.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/image-40.png" alt="Test Layering " class="wp-image-27475" width="600" height="400"/><figcaption>Performance Checks</figcaption></figure></div>



<h2 id="6-frequency-of-test-execution">6. Frequency of test execution&nbsp;</h2>



&nbsp;A team of active developers generate more PRs in a day compared to conservative development team. The main goal behind <a href="https://testsigma.com/automated-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">automating tests</a> is to free up test engineers time for more critical tasks and also to achieve flexibility in executing the tests wherever required without having to worry about environments where the tests are triggered.&nbsp;



A team with higher PR traffic cannot afford to wait until all tests get executed to receive the early feedback. As this becomes the bottleneck in the <a href="https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/devops/what-cicd-pipeline" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">CI pipeline</a> as agents get busy building the code for a long. Thus, as a team, the last principle of software test automation is to decide on the type and frequency of tests to be performed during the code build, during the nightly executions etc.



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" src="https://testsigma.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/image-41.png" alt="Frequency of test execution" class="wp-image-27477" width="600" height="400"/></figure></div>



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Read more articles written by Sowmya Sridharamurthy:



<a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/the-unpleasant-phenomenon-in-agile-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Unpleasant Phenomenon In Agile Testing</a>



<a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/api-testing-basics/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">API testing basics for beginners</a>

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