Software testing is an important process in the software development life cycle where a product or an application is completely tested against the given requirements. The purpose of this process is to produce a product that is reliable and functional and works correctly.&nbsp; Software testers raise bugs if there are any deviations or errors in the software. In software testing, the product or the application being tested is called the test object.&nbsp;



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets">Table Of Contents<ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_is_a_Test_objectnbsp">1 What is a Test object?&nbsp;</a></li><li><a href="#Why_are_Test_objects_importantnbsp">2 Why are Test objects important?&nbsp;</a></li><li><a href="#Test_objects_in_a_Test_Plan">3 Test objects in a Test Plan</a></li><li><a href="#Types_of_Test_objects">4 Types of Test objects</a></li><li><a href="#Test_object_example_of_a_webshop">5 Test object example of a webshop</a></li><li><a href="#nbspHow_do_you_create_a_test_object">6 &nbsp;How do you create a test object?</a></li><li><a href="#Conclusion">7 Conclusion</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions">8 Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li><a href="#What_is_a_test_basis">8.1 What is a test basis?</a></li><li><a href="#What_is_the_difference_between_a_test_object_and_a_test_item">8.2 What is the difference between a test object and a test item?</a></li><li><a href="#What_are_test_objects_in_codeless_testing">8.3 What are test objects in codeless testing?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-what-is-a-test-object">What is a Test object?&nbsp;</h2>



Test object in software testing is the application or the system being tested. The test object can be the entire system or a module of that system. It can also be a line of code being tested.Test objects are the elements of a system that are tested to ensure that the system functions as per the given requirements. It is important to test these test objects to ensure the system’s reliability and productivity.



<h2 id="h-why-are-test-objects-important">Why are Test objects important?&nbsp;</h2>



Here are some of the key points to highlight the importance of test objects.



<ol><li>Each method or function at unit level represents test objects. Testing them at this stage, helps in early detection of defects and thus produces a stable software.</li><li>Test objects are also used in <a href="https://testsigma.com/automated-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Automation testing</a>. This testing is preferred when there are a large number of test objects or when tests are to be repeated multiple times.</li><li>APIs and modules represent test objects at integration level. Testing a seamless interaction between these objects detects any deviations.</li><li>During regression testing, previously tested components , features and fixed bugs become the test objects. This makes sure that the changes are not affecting the stability of a software.</li><li>For security testing, components with respect to authentication, data encryption, and authorization become important test objects. It is vital to ensure security of these components.</li></ol>



<h2 id="h-test-objects-in-a-test-plan">Test objects in a Test Plan</h2>



Test plan is a document that serves as a roadmap for testing a software. It provides the approach, objectives, resources, scope, and schedule for testing the software. It helps the test team to understand how to test to ensure the stability and quality of the software.&nbsp;



In a test plan, test objects are the entities or the components that are targeted for testing. Test objects in a test plan ensure that all aspects of the software are thoroughly tested. Here are the steps on how the test objects are incorporated in a test plan-



<ol><li>Test plan should first identify the test objects to be tested. It can be methods, components, modules, databases, and so on based on the type of testing.</li><li>Assigning the identified test objects to specific team members for testing. This gives clarity on who is testing which component.</li><li>Deciding the type of test required for all the test objects.</li><li>Identify the high-risk test objects and prioritize their testing. Also, identify the interactions between the test objects to test.</li><li>Ensure that all the test objects and their dependencies are tested. And all the test criteria are met.</li><li>Report all the details of the test objects. Document all the test details for reference.</li></ol>



<h2 id="h-types-of-test-objects">Types of Test objects</h2>



In software testing, test objects are components or modules within a software system that are subject to testing. These objects vary depending on the type of testing being conducted. Here are some of the types of test objects-



<ol><li>Websites as test objects&nbsp;</li></ol>



Websites act as test objects when web applications or online services are being tested. Websites are tested for functionality, stability and performance across different devices and browsers. <a href="https://testsigma.com/website-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Website Testing</a> includes verifying all the links, testing different functionalities, performance testing and security testing.



<ol start="2"><li>Mobile apps as test objects</li></ol>



Mobile apps act as test objects for testing mobile applications. Mobile apps as test objects are tested for their performance and functionality as per requirement. They are also tested to check their performance across different devices and operating systems.



<ol start="3"><li>Internet of Things and Wearables as test objects</li></ol>



Internet of Things and Wearables are tested for their performance, user experience, security, and functionality. Functionality testing includes testing sensors, communication, and actuators. Security testing includes testing access control, data encryption, and authentication methods.



<ol start="4"><li>Games as test objects</li></ol>



Testing games include testing their performance across various platforms, such as laptops, browsers, operating systems, and mobile applications. They are also tested to be user-friendly, engaging, and easy to use.&nbsp;



<ol start="5"><li>Chatbots and Virtual Assistants as test objects</li></ol>



Chatbots and Virtual Assistants are applications of artificial intelligence and natural language processing technologies. Evaluating their performance, usability, accuracy, and natural language processing capabilities is a part of testing these applications.



<ol start="6"><li>SaaS category test objects</li></ol>



Software as a Service(SaaS) is a cloud-based model where security, scalability, performance, and functionality are tested. <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-api-endpoints/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Testing of API endpoints</a>, request and response formats, data formats, and error handling are a part of testing.



<h2 id="h-test-object-example-of-a-webshop">Test object example of a webshop</h2>



A webshop, commonly known as an e-commerce website or an online store, is a digital platform where businesses sell their services or products over the internet. This platform facilitates its users to browse, select and buy their products virtually, without physically visiting a store. The advantage here is the increased accessibility and the reach to global audiences. In a webshop, test objects are its functionalities and components that are tested to make sure they work as per requirement. Some of the test objects in a webshop are-



<ol><li>Search and filter options to ensure the products are easily accessible to users.</li><li>Add or remove from cart, increase or decrease the number of products, wishlist, and add coupons while checkout.</li><li>Checkout process, Payment window, and interaction between the app and payment applications.</li><li>Customer support windows such as the live chat, emails and contact forms.</li><li>User registration and verification mechanisms, security of sensitive user and payment information, and access controls.</li></ol>



<h2 id="h-how-do-you-create-a-test-object">&nbsp;How do you create a test object?</h2>



Creating a test object in manual testing includes the following steps-



<ol><li>Identifying the components to test &#8211; based on the requirement given and functionalities to test.</li><li>Create test cases to test these components. Ensure that the test cases cover all possible aspects of a component.</li><li>Formulate the valid inputs for each test case and execute the test cases.</li><li>Record the test case results and analyze them against the given requirements.&nbsp;</li><li>Report bugs for the cases where there is a deviation from the given requirement.</li></ol>



Creating a test object in automation testing includes the following steps-



<ol><li>Analyze the application to be tested and identify the components of the application that are to be tested.</li><li>Selection of an automation tool that is suitable for the said application and has all the necessary features. Testsigma is a tool that can be used for automation.</li></ol>



 <button class="btn bg-primary cta-btn" style="margin: auto"><a href="https://testsigma.com/signup" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color:#fff">Check out Testsigma for your test automation needs</a></button> 



<ol start="3"><li>Represent the test object locators by using the right syntax and methods in the automation tool. The test object locators are the unique identifiers such as ID, name, class, and so on.&nbsp;</li><li>Create the test objects by defining functions and methods for common actions.</li><li>Implement and execute the test scripts in the tool. Monitor the tests and report any bugs.</li></ol>



<h2 id="h-conclusion">Conclusion</h2>



Test objects act as the basic entities in software testing allowing the testers to analyze the functionality, performance, security, and scalability of a software.&nbsp;



Irrespective of manual testing or automation testing, test objects are the vital components that represent the components that are to be tested against the given requirement.



<h2 id="h-frequently-asked-questions">Frequently Asked Questions</h2>



<h3 id="what-is-a-test-basis">What is a test basis?</h3>



It is a document or a set of requirements that form the basis for creating test cases. It provides the information to design, create, and execute test cases.



<h3 id="what-is-the-difference-between-a-test-object-and-a-test-item">What is the difference between a test object and a test item?</h3>



Test object represents a specific component that is being tested, whereas test item is an entity that includes the test object along with test documents, artifacts, requirements, and other related items.



<h3 id="what-are-test-objects-in-codeless-testing">What are test objects in codeless testing?</h3>



<a href="https://testsigma.com/codeless-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Codeless testing</a>&nbsp; also called as no code testing, is a process where tests are created and automated without writing any code. Test objects, in this case, are the components that are selected, validated, and interacted with during the automated test process.

Test objects in software testing | Types & How to Create it?

Since COVID struck, online examination systems have become pivotal in efficiently assessing the knowledge and skills of exam takers without compromising their health. Crafting effective test cases for these systems is pivotal to ensuring their reliability, security, and functionality, be it for educational institutes or organizations.



From verifying user authentication processes to validating question randomization algorithms, each <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/what-is-test-case/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">test case</a> plays a crucial role in guaranteeing the seamless operation of examination platforms. Let&#8217;s look at the comprehensive list of test cases that address online examination systems&#8217; diverse functionalities and user roles.



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets">Table Of Contents<ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_is_an_Online_Examination_System">1 What is an Online Examination System?</a></li><li><a href="#Basic_Scenarios_for_Online_Test_System">2 Basic Scenarios for Online Test System</a></li><li><a href="#Test_Scenarios_for_Setting_Exam_Functionality">3 Test Scenarios for Setting Exam Functionality</a></li><li><a href="#Online_Examination_System_Test_Cases_For_Students">4 Online Examination System Test Cases For Students</a></li><li><a href="#Test_Case_For_Online_Examination_System_For_Teachers">5 Test Case For Online Examination System For Teachers</a></li><li><a href="#Negative_Test_Cases_for_Online_Examination_System">6 Negative Test Cases for Online Examination System</a></li><li><a href="#Can_We_Automate_Test_Cases_for_Online_Examination_Systems">7 Can We Automate Test Cases for Online Examination Systems?</a></li><li><a href="#How_to_Automate_Test_Cases_for_Online_Examination_Systems">8 How to Automate Test Cases for Online Examination Systems?</a></li><li><a href="#Conclusion">9 Conclusion</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions">10 Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li><a href="#What_are_the_testing_types_to_automate_test_cases_for_online_examination_systems">10.1 What are the testing types to automate test cases for online examination systems?</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Suggested_Reading">11 Suggested Reading</a></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-what-is-an-online-examination-system">What is an Online Examination System?</h2>



An online examination system is a digital platform that administers, conducts, and evaluates exams over the Internet. It provides a convenient and scalable solution for educational institutions, recruitment agencies, and corporate entities to remotely assess candidates&#8217; knowledge, skills, and aptitude. Moreover, they streamline the entire examination process, from registration and scheduling to result dissemination, thereby saving time, resources, and manpower.



Benefits for organizations:



<ul><li>Facilitates the seamless conduct of entrance tests for skills certifications.</li><li>Enable the efficient evaluation of job applicants through aptitude tests, technical assessments, and psychometric evaluations.</li><li>Saves time and resources in collecting and collating the papers.</li><li>Offers better security and leak-proof management.</li></ul>



Read here more on <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-cases-for-banking-application/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Test Cases for Banking application</a>



Benefits for students:



<ul><li>Enables candidates to take exams from any location with internet connectivity, eliminating geographical constraints.</li><li>Provides instant feedback and scores on objective-type questions.</li><li>May allow them to review their final answers.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-basic-scenarios-for-online-test-system">Basic Scenarios for Online Test System</h2>



This list of online examination system test cases consists of all the basic tests to run before moving on to checking more complex functionalities. You can follow these <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-case-template/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">test case templates</a> to create the below tests.



<ul><li>Test user registration and authentication.</li><li>Test creation of exam templates and allocation of exam duration.</li><li>Check the configuration of exam rules and regulations.</li><li>Check if all the candidates are seeing the right paper and questions.</li><li>Validate that the exam is loading and opening properly and the timer is correct.</li><li>Test the email notifications for exam invitations.</li><li>Check the logos, icons, figures, and similar media sections in the exam.</li><li>See if the online examination system is able to handle interruptions, such as internet disconnection or power outages.</li><li>Ensure that only valid users/students can access the exam material.</li><li>Check if the system shows the correct details under different sections, i.e., profile, exam settings, score, dashboard, etc.</li><li>Check the integrations with external or third-party systems.</li><li>Test that only the users with valid credentials can access the settings page.</li><li>Test the forgot password functionality.</li><li>Validate that users can only access the examination paper and score they took.</li><li>Check if all the links and buttons before and after logging into the system are working properly.</li><li>Validate that user input is taken correctly by the system and not changed in the backend.</li><li>Test if examiners see the right answer sheets as given by the users.</li><li>Verify different exam formats, i.e., objective and subjective.</li><li>Verify different functions during the ongoing exam, i.e., timer, previous questions, next question, submit, re-check, skip, and more.</li><li>Check that the score is calculated accurately, including negative markings, if any.</li><li>Check if the exam automatically stops when the timer is up.</li><li>Verify if the results, in percentage of grade, are converted and displayed correctly on the platform for different users.</li></ul>



If you want to validate user authentication and registration test cases, read our blog on <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-cases-for-registration-page/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">registration page test cases</a>.



<h2 id="h-test-scenarios-for-setting-exam-functionality">Test Scenarios for Setting Exam Functionality</h2>



Settings are one of the most important sections of holding an online exam via systems. Any updates or changes in system settings drastically change the examination direction.



<ul><li>Verify the ability to create new exam templates with different question formats (multiple-choice, essay, etc.).</li><li>Validate the option to set exam duration and timer functionalities.</li><li>Test the functionality to add, edit, or remove questions from the question bank.</li><li>Ensure proper handling of question randomization and shuffling.</li><li>Validate the configuration of passing criteria and grading scales.</li><li>Test the feature to assign exam supervisors or invigilators.</li><li>Validate the implementation of question-level feedback or hints.</li><li>Test the integration with plagiarism detection tools for essay-type questions.</li><li>Verify the ability to import/export exam templates and question banks.</li><li>Test the functionality to schedule exams at specific dates and times.</li><li>Validate the option to set up prerequisites or eligibility criteria for exams.</li><li>Test the feature to configure exam notifications and reminders for candidates.</li><li>Test the functionality to enable/disable exam retakes and revisions.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-online-examination-system-test-cases-for-students">Online Examination System Test Cases For Students</h2>



<ul><li>Verify successful login with valid credentials.</li><li>Test user authentication mechanisms (e.g., two-factor authentication).</li><li>Ensure proper display of exam schedule and details.</li><li>Validate the ability to start and resume exams within the allotted time frame.</li><li>Test navigation controls within the exam interface (e.g., next, previous, skip).</li><li>Verify the functionality to answer different types of questions (multiple-choice, fill-in-the-blank, etc.).</li><li>Test the timer functionality and countdown display.</li><li>Validate the submission process and confirmation message.</li><li>Test for automatic submission when the time limit is reached.</li><li>Verify the display of exam results upon submission.</li><li>Test the option to review answers and change responses before submission.</li><li>Test for compatibility across various devices and screen sizes.</li><li>Verify proper handling of interruptions (e.g., internet connectivity issues).</li><li>Validate the option to flag questions for review.</li><li>Test the display of progress indicators and remaining time.</li><li>Verify the prevention of unauthorized access or cheating attempts.</li><li>Test the logout functionality and session management.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-test-case-for-online-examination-system-for-teachers">Test Case For Online Examination System For Teachers</h2>



<ul><li>Verify login functionality for teachers/administrators.</li><li>Test user authentication mechanisms and role-based access controls.</li><li>Validate the ability to create new exams and exam templates.</li><li>Test the option to customize exam settings and instructions.</li><li>Verify the functionality to add, edit, or remove questions from the question bank.</li><li>Test the configuration of grading and scoring criteria.</li><li>Validate the feature to schedule exams and set deadlines.</li><li>Verify the option to monitor exam sessions in real-time.</li><li>Validate the display of exam results and analytics.</li><li>Test the option to download or export exam data and reports.</li><li>Verify the implementation of data privacy measures for student information.</li><li>Test for compatibility with external learning management systems (LMS).</li><li>Verify the ability to review and moderate exam submissions.</li><li>Validate the option to provide feedback and grades to students.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-negative-test-cases-for-online-examination-system">Negative Test Cases for Online Examination System</h2>



<ul><li>Attempting to log in with invalid credentials and ensuring proper error handling.</li><li>Testing the system&#8217;s response to multiple simultaneous login attempts from the same user account.</li><li>Trying to access exam pages without proper authentication.</li><li>Submit incomplete or blank answers and verify the system&#8217;s response.</li><li>Attempting to navigate away from the exam page during an ongoing session.</li><li>Testing the system&#8217;s behavior when encountering network disruptions or server errors during an exam.</li><li>Submit answers after the exam time limit has expired and check if the system accepts or rejects them.</li><li>Trying to manipulate exam URLs or parameters to access unauthorized sections or content.</li><li>Attempting to upload files with unsupported formats during the exam.</li><li>Trying to bypass question randomization algorithms to view questions out of sequence.</li><li>Testing the system&#8217;s response to excessively long or complex user inputs.</li><li>Verifying the system&#8217;s ability to detect and prevent cheating behaviors such as copying from external sources or using unauthorized aids.</li></ul>



We have covered the majority of test cases and scenarios for you to build upon. Run a <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-case-review/">test case review</a> and start thinking about which one would require manual execution and which ones you can automate.



<h2 id="h-can-we-automate-test-cases-for-online-examination-systems">Can We Automate Test Cases for Online Examination Systems?</h2>



It is possible to automate online examination systems test cases. Automation can significantly streamline the testing process, improve efficiency, and ensure consistent test coverage. Many aspects of online examination systems, such as user authentication, exam navigation, question randomization, and submission handling, lend themselves well to automation. Automation enables the execution of repetitive test cases with minimal manual intervention. These <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/test-cases-for-manual-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">test cases for manual testing</a> might be of help to you.



The use of <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-automation-frameworks/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">automated testing frameworks</a> and tools offer the capability to simulate user interactions, validate system responses, and detect anomalies or deviations from expected behavior. Moreover, you can use data-driven testing and parameterization to automate the execution of test cases across different environments and configurations.



<h2 id="h-how-to-automate-test-cases-for-online-examination-systems">How to Automate Test Cases for Online Examination Systems?</h2>



Suppose you have to test the scenario by submitting exam answers. It includes selecting the answer in objective type format or typing the answers in subjective type and clicking on ‘Submit’ before moving to the next question. This is a highly repetitive process, automating which will save time and labor.



Let’s see how you can do it with Testsigma.



<ul><li>Create a new test case to run the online examination system. Read how to create test cases in Testsigma.</li><li>Either create the test steps manually or use the record and playback option to capture the steps. In this case, we will log into the online examination system, attempt to submit an answer, and click on Submit after that.</li><li>Verify that the user can successfully submit and finalize their answers without encountering any issues.</li></ul>



 <button class="btn bg-primary cta-btn" style="margin: auto"><a href="https://testsigma.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color:#fff">Explore Testsigma to automate your end-to-end tests for an online examination system</a></button> 



The tool supports <a href="https://testsigma.com/automated-web-application-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">web application automated testing</a>, mobile and API testing, and cross-browser testing on its platform.



Check out more features of <a href="https://testsigma.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Testsigma</a>



<h2 id="h-conclusion">Conclusion</h2>



Many organizations conduct online exams to assess their candidates’ skills. Almost all of them rely on a platform to create, manage, and administer such examinations. Only the systems that provide easy access, intuitive UI, and no learning curve are favorites of many. That’s when testing these platforms comes in handy. And that’s when this blog is useful in performing test cases necessary for validating an online examination system.



<h2 id="h-frequently-asked-questions">Frequently Asked Questions</h2>



<h3 id="h-what-are-the-testing-types-to-automate-test-cases-for-online-examination-systems">What are the testing types to automate test cases for online examination systems?</h3>



There are multiple testing types to automate for online examination systems test cases. Normally, it includes functional testing, usability testing, security testing, performance testing, and compatibility testing.



<h2 id="h-suggested-reading">Suggested Reading</h2>



<a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/calendar-test-cases/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Calendar Test Cases</a>



<a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-cases-for-banking-application/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Test Cases for Banking application</a>



<a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-case-for-captcha/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Test Cases for Captcha</a>



<a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-cases-for-hospital-management-system/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Test Cases for Hospital management system</a>



<a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-cases-for-instagram/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Test Cases for Instagram</a>

How to Write Test Cases for Online Examination Systems?

What is SSO testing and How to Perform it?

What is a Test Double? | Types & Best Practices

How to Write Test Cases For Instagram?

How to Write Test Cases for Hospital Management System

Calabash VS Appium: Which One is Better?

How To Write Calculator Test Cases With Sample Test Cases

How To Write Calculator Test Cases? With Sample Test Cases

Last few years, I have been reading and writing a lot on sustainability with performance and resilience testing. I already published 6+ articles and presented in couple of international conferences on this intense topic.&nbsp;



Organizations are now getting matured after digital transformations and already aware of the facts that performance and resilience testing assists in sustainability in below 2 ways:



<ul><li>First, by making the application or websites faster (if application is faster, then it uses less data to serve the request and eventually it will generate less carbon to the environment)</li><li>Second, by optimizing the server resources (if server resources are optimized, then it consumes less energy which is better from sustainability perspective)&nbsp;</li></ul>



Organizations are also leveraging the benefits of cloud computing for cost savings as well as for sustainability. As a next step, organizations are now thinking about how they can uplift their performance testing process for better sustainability and less cost (in addition with ensuring enhanced end-user experience and confirming consistency).&nbsp;



In this blog, I will talk about my personal perspective on the matured performance and resilience testing for improved sustainability post-digital transformation along with continuous FinOps activities.



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets">Table Of Contents<ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#While_Digital_Transformation">1 While Digital Transformation:</a></li><li><a href="#Post_Digital_Transformation">2 Post Digital Transformation:</a></li><li><a href="#Conclusion">3 Conclusion:</a></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="while-digital-transformation">While Digital Transformation:</h2>



In my earlier LinkedIn blog, I talked about organizations need to be very serious when conducting full-blown performance and resilience test executions for minimizing carbon footprint (<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/organizations-need-very-serious-when-conducting-full-blown-dutta" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/organizations-need-very-serious-when-conducting-full-blown-dutta</a>).



Performance testing absolutely assists in reducing carbon footprint, however executing too many full-blown performance or resilience tests create higher carbon footprint. We all know automated testing is having better sustainability and performance testing is always automated. So, it is having less carbon footprint from that angle.&nbsp;



Then again, performance and resilience testing (load, stress, capacity planning, endurance, volume or game day testing or different kinds of resilience testing) is having a huge workload as it is driven by thousands of users if not millions. For the Internet of Things, there are millions of devices. This huge workload creates a higher carbon footprint.



So, while organizations are in the process of digital transformations and migrating towards cloud, full blown performance testing was necessary to ensure the as-is performance or improved performance for their end-users. Even organizations must think about the ongoing cloud cost (already talked about this in detail in EuroSTAR Huddle back in 2020 <a href="https://huddle.eurostarsoftwaretesting.com/applications-dont-run-fast-in-cloud-without-continuous-performance-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">https://huddle.eurostarsoftwaretesting.com/applications-dont-run-fast-in-cloud-without-continuous-performance-testing/</a>).



Continuous performance testing and monitoring is absolutely required for happy end-users, for cost savings and for sustainability. Even, continuous performance testing is beneficial for cloud cost savings (FinOps). Organizations are already leveraging different techniques, processes, or methodologies to make the improved application performance which assists in less carbon footprint.&nbsp;



Adopting optimized resource driven high-availability concepts, application containerization or different web performance optimization practices both on client side and server side etc. are carried out to ensure reduced carbon footprint.&nbsp;



Cloud is using green and clean energy. Organizations are also ensuring green energy for their data centres. Organizations can also think about sustainable capacity planning for reduced carbon footprint, published in Quality Matters magazine (<a href="https://www.quality-matters.org/index.php?page=qm-issues-archive&amp;issue=15" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">https://www.quality-matters.org/index.php?page=qm-issues-archive&amp;issue=15</a>).&nbsp;



<h2 id="post-digital-transformation">Post Digital Transformation:</h2>



We all know the main objective of performance and resilience testing services is to efficiently use all the system resources and that directly impacts energy efficiency. While with digital transformations, organizations are fully focused on ensuring optimum performance for end-users and optimum utilizations (thus by both saving cost and ensuring sustainability).&nbsp;



Post digital transformations, organizations will be more interested in less carbon footprint for all their SDLC activities along with cost savings without compromising the quality attributes. As performance and resilience testing is having huge workload, it becomes priority for organizations to look closely on performance testing activities to reduce carbon footprint.



First, unnecessary, or unplanned performance and resiliency test execution should be strictly avoided. Second, conducting full-blown performance and resilience testing in very low scalable environment or hardware/software configuration mismatch with the live environment should be strictly escaped. Both activities assist not only in reducing carbon footprint but also save a lot of effort and costs.&nbsp;



Third, Organizations should not conduct full blown performance testing frequently rather impact-based performance testing should be conducted. Once in a while, full blown performance testing will be good enough post-digital transformations until added huge workload.



&nbsp;Impact based performance testing will be having less workload and component level, resulting in less carbon emission. By identifying and resolving issues at the early component level will not only be cost-effective but also reduce energy consumption for debugging and fixing defects.



Fourth, time duration of performance testing or steady state duration should be reduced to have less carbon footprint (30 mins from 1 Hour or 2 hour). Long duration endurance testing should not be conducted frequently. Even for those conducted endurance test, execution window should not be more than 4 hours from 8 or 16 or 24 hours. Endurance testing workload should be average load instead of peak load.



Fifth, when performance test duration and user workload is reduced, huge amount of performance test data preparation activities simply will not be required. That will also minimize huge carbon footprint.&nbsp;



Sixth, when user workload is reduced, corresponding load generator or injector machine counts will also be reduced. Goal should be achieving more users with few resources. This again lowers the carbon emission.&nbsp; We should try to use cloud load generators, if possible, for better sustainability. Even efficient management of performance test environment (Pre-prod/Stage/Performance) and performance test lab environment (Controllers/Load Generators) are absolutely required for better sustainability.



Overall, impact-based, low volume, short duration, specific goal-oriented performance, and resiliency testing will be very helpful.&nbsp;



Seventh, conducting the performance and resilience testing at off-hours will lead to less carbon footprint. Even green testing techniques like optimizing the performance test scenarios will assist in reducing carbon footprint.



Eighth, on-premise organizations can use the existing hardware for a longer duration (extending the hardware lifespan for hardware efficiency) to reduce less carbon footprint and have less e-waste. Even try to evaluate the power consumption of background applications on mobile, devices and servers and, if possible, minimize it for better sustainability.



Ninth, organizations should also continuously look to reduce the amount of data transfer and distance that they cover (like using Content Delivery Work).



Tenth, using the emulator instead of real devices will be having less carbon footprint. In case of real devices, device lifecycles must be increased. For example, a device which is replaced in 3 years &#8211; try to extend it to 5 years. However, proper support from device organizations is also required so that device is effective in this changing technological world. Optimized device battery usage should be another way of sustainability.



In a nutshell, all the above reduce the costs and provide better sustainability. which every organization should be interested in, post digital transformation.



<h2 id="h-conclusion">Conclusion:</h2>



Post digital transformation, organizations should be conducting performance testing in test early, test only when required instead of test always or test often fashion. Continuous impact-based low volume, shorter-duration <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/performance-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">performance testing</a> rather than always on, full volume, longer duration performance testing should be priority for better sustainability.

Performance & Resilience Testing for Improved Sustainability Post Digital Transformation

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In the ever-evolving tech landscape, Artificial Intelligence (AI) stands out as the next frontier, promising transformative advancements in various domains. From intelligent automation to predictive analytics, AI has the potential to reshape the way we live and work. Harnessing the power of AI not only opens doors to innovation but also presents the need for testing AI applications to ensure its reliability and effectiveness.&nbsp;



In this blog, we&#8217;ll explore the test strategy for AI, challenges, and best practices to ensure the seamless integration and optimal performance of AI-powered systems.



Embracing AI is not just a technological leap but a journey that demands a robust testing framework to unlock its full potential.



Read here &#8211; <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/is-ai-really-important-in-software-test-automation/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">AI Testing</a>



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets">Table Of Contents<ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#Understanding_the_AI_Landscape">1 Understanding the AI Landscape</a><ul><li><a href="#The_Rise_of_AI">1.1 The Rise of AI</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Challenges_in_Testing_AI_Systems">2 Challenges in Testing AI Systems</a></li><li><a href="#Strategies_for_Testing_AI_Applications">3 Strategies for Testing AI Applications</a></li><li><a href="#Best_Practices_for_Testing_AI_Applications">4 Best Practices for Testing AI Applications</a></li><li><a href="#How_to_Test_AI_Apps">5 How to Test AI Apps?</a></li><li><a href="#Tips_for_AI_Apps_Testing">6 Tips for AI Apps Testing</a></li><li><a href="#Conclusion">7 Conclusion</a></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-understanding-the-ai-landscape">Understanding the AI Landscape</h2>



<h3 id="h-the-rise-of-ai">The Rise of AI</h3>



Artificial Intelligence has emerged as a driving force behind numerous technological advancements. From machine learning algorithms to natural language processing, AI systems are becoming integral to applications ranging from healthcare to finance and beyond. As organizations increasingly incorporate AI into their products and services, the importance of rigorous testing cannot be overstated. For insights into advanced AI applications, explore a detailed guide on <a href="https://www.revechat.com/blog/generative-ai-chatbot/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">generative AI chatbot</a> solutions and their impact on modern customer interactions.



Read here &#8211; <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/ai-and-ml-in-software-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">AI and ML in Software Testing</a>



<h2 id="h-challenges-in-testing-ai-systems">Challenges in Testing AI Systems</h2>



Testing AI systems poses unique challenges compared to traditional software testing. One major challenge is the complexity of AI algorithms, which often involve intricate neural networks and deep learning models. Ensuring the accuracy, reliability, and ethical considerations of these systems requires a specialized approach that goes beyond conventional testing methodologies.



<h2 id="h-strategies-for-testing-ai-applications">Strategies for Testing AI Applications</h2>



Data Quality and Bias Testing:



AI models heavily depend on the quality and diversity of training data. Testing must include checks for biased data and the potential reinforcement of societal prejudices. A comprehensive strategy involves identifying and rectifying bias in training datasets to ensure fair and ethical AI.



Performance Testing:



The performance of an AI system is crucial for its effectiveness. Performance testing involves evaluating how well the system handles varying workloads, data volumes, and concurrent users. This ensures optimal responsiveness and resource utilization.



Explainability and Transparency Testing:



AI decisions can sometimes seem like a &#8220;black box,&#8221; making it challenging to understand the reasoning behind specific outcomes. Testing for explainability and transparency involves validating that AI models can provide comprehensible explanations for their decisions, crucial for regulatory compliance and user trust.



Security Testing:



AI systems are susceptible to adversarial attacks. Security testing is essential to identify and address vulnerabilities that could compromise the confidentiality and integrity of the AI model, ensuring robust protection against potential threats.



As per the above strategies we should not forget that AI application testing will also follow something we all are aware of which is the <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/stlc-in-software-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">testing lifecycle</a> and this is vital because it will mean that there is a process to follow just like testers follow in their day to day testing.&nbsp;







<h2 id="h-best-practices-for-testing-ai-applications">Best Practices for Testing AI Applications</h2>



Comprehensive Test Coverage:



Encompass various testing types, including unit testing, integration testing, and end-to-end testing, to provide comprehensive coverage. This ensures that every aspect of the AI system, from individual components to the integrated solution, is thoroughly tested.



<a href="https://testsigma.com/continuous-testing">Continuous Testing</a>:



Implement continuous testing practices to integrate testing seamlessly into the AI development pipeline. This enables quick feedback on changes, accelerates the development lifecycle, and enhances the overall quality of the AI system.



Collaboration Across Teams:



Promote collaboration between data scientists, developers, and testers. Effective communication ensures a shared understanding of requirements, objectives, and potential challenges, fostering a collaborative testing environment.



Adopting <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/is-ai-really-important-in-software-test-automation/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">AI in Software Testing</a>:



Leverage AI in test automation to enhance efficiency and accuracy. <a href="https://testsigma.com/tools/ai-testing-tools/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">AI testing tools</a>, like Testsigma, can intelligently identify test scenarios, predict potential issues, and autonomously execute repetitive testing tasks, allowing testers to focus on more complex aspects.



Apart from the above, there are more best practices such as :



<ul><li>Clearly define the objectives, scope, and success criteria of your AI application testing efforts. Determine the specific aspects of the AI system to be tested, such as accuracy, performance, robustness, and fairness.</li><li>Ensure high-quality training data is used to train the AI models. The training data should be representative, diverse, and cover various scenarios to promote accurate and unbiased learning.</li><li>Establish baseline metrics or results to compare the AI system&#8217;s performance against known benchmarks.</li><li>Leverage <a href="https://testsigma.com/data-driven-testing">data-driven testing</a> to achieve higher efficiency. AI-powered software testing tools are also helpful these days. If you decide to go with tools that support such testing, GenAI-powered testing tools, like <a href="https://testsigma.com/">Testsigma</a>, there are many popular names out there that support data-driven testing in many popular data formats to help you test AI-based systems better.&nbsp;</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-how-to-test-ai-apps">How to Test AI Apps?</h2>



Even though we are hearing all about the rise of AI and Generative AI, one thing to not forget is that AI is helping us all test better and save testers a lot of time, however we need to factor in extra time for testing manually too as exploratory testing has shown many benefits as It helps review the quality of a product from a user perspective. Furthermore, AI cannot tell us about the look and feel of a product, so we cannot fully rely on AI.&nbsp;



Testing AI systems comes with some challenges, and that means there is a need for some special techniques:&nbsp;



<ul><li>The AI-based system test results can be Stochastic which means they generate different results for the same parameters&nbsp;</li><li>Stochastic results don&#8217;t mean the results are wrong, it means that we need to verify more details</li><li>Also, there can be human bias when training the model/data which needs to be eliminated during AI application testing</li><li>AI performs best when given advanced input models. If the inputs are not of high quality, the issues become more complicated, requiring a significant amount of time and effort to address.</li><li>AI is an intricate system, and even small defects are magnified significantly, also it&#8217;s not necessary that all results that don&#8217;t match are an anomaly. This problem becomes more challenging to resolve as well. However, with the help of the developers testers and developers can both crack the issue and find the solution. I have experienced this in the past with data science models and it can be daunting, but what is magic is &#8220;Pairing&#8221;, when we pair with the developers who build the models, we can not only learn from them the intricacies but also test better.</li></ul>



Read here &#8211; <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/generative-ai-in-software-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Generative AI in Software Testing </a>



<h2 id="h-tips-for-ai-apps-testing">Tips for AI Apps Testing</h2>



<ol><li>Check the input data and verify the data set used for the model</li><li>Check the SHAPE of your data, testing the outputs will explain if the values are of the right type and the data columns are matching</li><li>Have some bounds around averages&nbsp;</li><li>Set some target result thresholds of 3-5%</li><li>Make sure no data dropped, no duplicates</li><li>Testing different parameters and trying to see the difference in results exploration of a model</li><li>As the model can provide random results each time you run – brace the uncertainty, try and understand if it&#8217;s still OK or a complete anomaly&nbsp;</li><li><a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/exploratory-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Exploratory test </a>the model(s), and it should help understand the system better and you&nbsp;</li></ol>



<h2 id="h-conclusion">Conclusion</h2>



As AI continues to revolutionize industries, the role of testing becomes increasingly vital. By implementing robust testing strategies and embracing best practices, organizations can unleash the full potential of AI while ensuring its reliability, security, and ethical use.&nbsp;



The journey into the era of AI is an exciting one, and with meticulous testing, we can navigate this frontier with confidence, unlocking unprecedented opportunities for innovation and advancement. Embrace the power of AI, test diligently, and pave the way for a future where intelligent systems redefine what&#8217;s possible.

Testing AI Applications

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