
<p>Control flow graph(CFG) in software testing is the key to unlocking the hidden pathways of a program&#8217;s logic, allowing testers to uncover potential pitfalls and ensure robust functionality. Just like an explorer relies on a map to chart their course through unknown territory, a tester leans on the CFG to guide them through the twists and turns of code execution.&nbsp;</p>



<p>Just as a well-drawn map can make a trip more enjoyable and less prone to wrong turns, a well-constructed CFG simplifies the testing process, making it more efficient and effective.&nbsp;</p>



<p>Not just that, CFG has more to do with software testing. This blog will discuss everything about control flow graphs and control flow testing in software testing.</p>



<p>Before we get into how control flow testing works, let&#8217;s see what control flow graph is and how control flow graph plays an important role in software testing.</p>



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets"><p class="toc_title">Table Of Contents</p><ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_is_a_Control_Flow_Graph"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">1</span> What is a Control Flow Graph?</a></li><li><a href="#What_is_Control_Flow_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">2</span> What is Control Flow Testing?</a><ul><li><a href="#How_Control_Flow_Testing_Done"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">2.1</span> How Control Flow Testing Done?</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Purpose_of_Control_Flow_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">3</span> Purpose of Control Flow Testing</a></li><li><a href="#Control_Testing_Example"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">4</span> Control Testing Example</a></li><li><a href="#Uses_of_Control_Flow_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">5</span> Uses of Control Flow Testing</a></li><li><a href="#Notation_of_Control_Flow_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">6</span> Notation of Control Flow Testing</a><ul><li><a href="#Node"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">6.1</span> Node</a></li><li><a href="#Edge"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">6.2</span> Edge</a></li><li><a href="#Decision_Node"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">6.3</span> Decision Node</a></li><li><a href="#Junction_Node"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">6.4</span> Junction Node</a></li><li><a href="#Control_Flow_Testing_Notations_8211_Example"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">6.5</span> Control Flow Testing Notations &#8211; Example</a></li><li><a href="#Sample_Control_Flow_Graph"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">6.6</span> Sample Control Flow Graph</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Control_Flow_Testing_Process"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">7</span> Control Flow Testing Process</a><ul><li><a href="#1_Control_Flow_Graph_Creation"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">7.1</span> 1. Control Flow Graph Creation</a></li><li><a href="#2_Coverage_Target"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">7.2</span> 2. Coverage Target</a></li><li><a href="#3_Test_Case_Creation"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">7.3</span> 3. Test Case Creation</a></li><li><a href="#4_Test_Case_Execution"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">7.4</span> 4. Test Case Execution</a></li><li><a href="#5_Analysis"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">7.5</span> 5. Analysis</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Control_Flow_Testing_Advantages"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">8</span> Control Flow Testing Advantages</a></li><li><a href="#Control_Flow_Testing_Disadvantages"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">9</span> Control Flow Testing Disadvantages</a></li><li><a href="#Summary"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">10</span> Summary</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">11</span> Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li><a href="#What_is_the_importance_of_a_control_flow_graph"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">11.1</span> What is the importance of a control flow graph?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-what-is-a-control-flow-graph"><span id="What_is_a_Control_Flow_Graph"><strong>What is a Control Flow Graph?</strong></span></h2>



<p>Control Flow Graph is a visual representation of a program&#8217;s control flow, showing how the program progresses through various statements and decision points.</p>



<p>The control flow graph was developed by Frances E. Allen, inspired by Reese T. Prosser&#8217;s use of boolean connectivity matrices for flow analysis.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-what-is-control-flow-testing"><span id="What_is_Control_Flow_Testing"><strong>What is Control Flow Testing?</strong></span></h2>



<p>Control flow testing is a software testing technique that helps ensure that the different paths a program can take are tested. It is a white-box testing technique. The goal of control flow testing is to verify that all possible execution paths of a program behave as expected.</p>



<p><strong><em>Need more clarity?</em></strong><strong> </strong>Let me explain it in a way that is as easy as ABC.&nbsp;</p>



<p>Imagine you have a computer program with a set of instructions for the computer to follow. Sometimes, the program can go in different ways based on certain conditions (like if-else statements in code).</p>



<p>Now, the testers will test all these different paths to ensure the program works correctly. Simply put, it is like checking that different roads on a map lead to the right destination.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-how-control-flow-testing-done"><span id="How_Control_Flow_Testing_Done"><strong>How Control Flow Testing Done?</strong></span></h3>



<p>Control flow testing is usually performed using a control flow graph (CFG), which is a graphical representation of the flow of a program.&nbsp;</p>



<p>The CFG shows the different nodes in the program, such as statements, branches, and loops, and the edges between them.</p>



<p>The software tester will start by creating CFG, which will help them identify all the possible execution paths of a program. Then, the tester can create test cases to cover each path.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-purpose-of-control-flow-testing"><span id="Purpose_of_Control_Flow_Testing"><strong>Purpose of Control Flow Testing</strong></span></h2>



<p>A <a href="https://www.scribd.com/presentation/193784605/Controlflow-Testing">study</a> states that control flow testing helps detect 50% of bugs during unit testing. And that is about 33% of all bugs.</p>



<p>But, control flow testing cannot find all bugs in a program. For example, it can not find interface issues.</p>



<p>Here are some examples of control flow testing,</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li>Testing all branches of an if statement.</li><li>Testing all cases of a switch statement.</li><li>Checking all possible iterations of a loop.</li><li>Testing the error handling.</li><li>Testing the performance of the application for different inputs.</li></ul>



<p>By testing all possible paths through a program, testers can ensure that the program is high quality and meets user requirements.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-control-testing-example"><span id="Control_Testing_Example"><strong>Control Testing Example</strong></span></h2>



<p>Let&#8217;s look at an example program in Java and see how control flow testing works.</p>





<p>Control flow testing will help testers test all the possible paths the above program can take. That way, they can make sure the program works as expected with any path.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-uses-of-control-flow-testing"><span id="Uses_of_Control_Flow_Testing"><strong>Uses of Control Flow Testing</strong></span></h2>



<p>Control flow testing, a type of white box testing, involves analyzing program code by executing test cases. Another approach involves executing data flow.</p>



<p>Here are the key uses of control flow testing:</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li><strong>Unit Testing &#8211;</strong> Control flow testing is mainly in <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/unit-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">unit testing</a>. It aims to identify the different paths of execution in the code. Test cases are then created based on these paths and executed.</li></ul>



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li><strong>Control Flow Graphs &#8211;</strong> This testing involves creating control flow graphs. These graphs provide a visual representation of how the program flows. By analyzing these paths, testers will be able to write various test cases.</li></ul>



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li><strong>High Test Coverage &#8211;</strong> When testing with CFGs, every node and edge in the graph is covered. Thus, it helps achieve high test coverage.</li></ul>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-notation-of-control-flow-testing"><span id="Notation_of_Control_Flow_Testing"><strong>Notation of Control Flow Testing</strong></span></h2>



<p>Control flow testing consists of four nodes, namely,</p>



<ol class="wp-block-list"><li>Node</li><li>Edge</li><li>Decision Node</li><li>Junction node</li></ol>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-node"><span id="Node"><strong>Node</strong></span></h3>



<p>A node represents a basic block of code. It is a section of code that runs from start to end. The nodes show the order of procedure in a program. They help testers to identify what step comes next, making it easy to understand the sequence of actions.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-edge"><span id="Edge"><strong>Edge</strong></span></h3>



<p>An edge represents a possible transition or flow of control from one node to another.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-decision-node"><span id="Decision_Node"><strong>Decision Node</strong></span></h3>



<p>A decision node, also known as a conditional node, represents a point in the program where a decision is made based on a condition (e.g., an if-else statement).</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-junction-node"><span id="Junction_Node"><strong>Junction Node</strong></span></h3>



<p>A junction node is a point in the program where at least three nodes meet. It is used to represent points where multiple branches merge back into a single path or split into multiple paths. Simply put, junction nodes are where different nodes lead to one node.</p>





<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-control-flow-testing-notations-example"><span id="Control_Flow_Testing_Notations_8211_Example"><strong>Control Flow Testing Notations &#8211; Example</strong></span></h3>



<p>Let&#8217;s understand these notations using a simple program. The below program checks if a person is eligible to vote or not.</p>





<p><strong>What will this program do?</strong></p>



<p>Simple, it takes two paths, as follows,</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li>If x is greater than or equal to 18, it prints the message &#8220;You are eligible to vote.&#8221;</li><li>Else, when x is less than 18, it prints the message &#8220;You aren&#8217;t eligible to vote.&#8221;</li></ul>



<p><em>Here, the input value &#8216;x&#8217; denotes the age.</em></p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-sample-control-flow-graph"><span id="Sample_Control_Flow_Graph"><strong>Sample Control Flow Graph</strong></span></h3>



<p>Now, the control flow graph for the above program will be as follows,</p>





<p>Let&#8217;s see which are what notations.</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li>Nodes &#8211; Start, Age, Eligible, Not Eligible, Stop</li><li>Decision node &#8211; x&gt;=18</li><li>The last node that leads to the stop is the Junction node.</li><li>Edge &#8211; All the direction arrows that connect the nodes</li></ul>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-control-flow-testing-process"><span id="Control_Flow_Testing_Process"><strong>Control Flow Testing Process</strong></span></h2>



<p>The control flow testing process involves the following steps,</p>





<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-1-control-flow-graph-creation"><span id="1_Control_Flow_Graph_Creation">1. Control Flow Graph Creation</span></h3>



<p>Start by creating a control flow graph, a visual representation of how the program runs based on the source code. It can be created manually or with a software.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-2-coverage-target"><span id="2_Coverage_Target">2. Coverage Target</span></h3>



<p>A coverage target is defined over the CFG, which includes nodes, paths, edges, branches, etc. Here, testers will decide what part of the graph has to be tested.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-3-test-case-creation"><span id="3_Test_Case_Creation">3. Test Case Creation</span></h3>



<p>Develop specific test scenarios and test cases based on the control flow graph to cover the designed coverage target.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-4-test-case-execution"><span id="4_Test_Case_Execution">4. Test Case Execution</span></h3>



<p>Now, execute the test cases that were created to target specific parts of the program.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-5-analysis"><span id="5_Analysis">5. Analysis</span></h3>



<p>Analyze the test results and find out if the program behaves as expected or not.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-control-flow-testing-advantages"><span id="Control_Flow_Testing_Advantages"><strong>Control Flow Testing</strong> <strong>Advantages</strong></span></h2>



<p>Control flow testing offers several benefits as follows,</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li>It identifies nearly half of the defects found during unit testing.</li><li>It also pinpoints around one-third of the total program defects.</li><li>Control flow testing can be performed manually or using test automation platforms. With <a href="https://testsigma.com/automated-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">automated testing</a>, you can make your testing super fast and efficient.</li></ul>



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<ul class="wp-block-list"><li>It helps detect at least one-third of the defects of the overall program. Thus, it increases the efficiency of testing.</li><li>It helps test every edge and node in a program, thereby helping achieve high test coverage.</li></ul>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-control-flow-testing-disadvantages"><span id="Control_Flow_Testing_Disadvantages"><strong>Control Flow Testing</strong> <strong>Disadvantages</strong></span></h2>



<p>Though it offers advantages, it has other drawbacks as follows,</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li>Identifying missing paths in a large control flow graph can be challenging, mainly when one person handles the program and its model.</li><li>Control flow testing may not detect all errors during the variable&#8217;s instantiation.</li><li>The errors identified during specification may not always be detected during testing.</li><li>Detecting mistakes or discrepancies in the interface is particularly difficult during testing.</li><li>It is not possible to detect flaws in the user interface. So, you will have to do comprehensive <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/automated-gui-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Automated GUI testing</a> to find interface issues.</li></ul>



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<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-summary"><span id="Summary"><strong>Summary</strong></span></h2>



<p>Just like following a roadmap on a journey, control flow testing guides us through the intricate pathways of code, helping us to identify potential issues and verify the correctness of the software.</p>



<p>It allows testers to design test cases that cover all possible scenarios, making sure that no stone is left unturned. Whether you manually perform testing or automate it, the control flow testing ensures that the software behaves as expected and handles different inputs.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-frequently-asked-questions"><span id="Frequently_Asked_Questions"><strong>Frequently Asked Questions</strong></span></h2>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-what-is-the-importance-of-a-control-flow-graph"><span id="What_is_the_importance_of_a_control_flow_graph">What is the importance of a control flow graph?</span></h3>



<p>The control flow graph identifies all possible paths through the code, ensuring comprehensive test coverage. It helps us identify inaccessible areas of the program and is great for identifying loops and other conditional statements in the code.</p>



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<p>Websites often feature forms with single-choice options, implemented using radio buttons. Unlike checkboxes allowing multiple selections, radio buttons permit only one choice. Typically, the accuracy of the data collected using the form depends on the radio button selection. If, for any reason, the radio button registers the wrong information even after the correct selection, the application under test could have issues. That is why even a simple-looking radio button needs to be tested properly using the right set of test cases for radio buttons.</p>



<p>Below is an example of a radio button:</p>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter"></figure></div>



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets"><p class="toc_title">Table Of Contents</p><ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_are_the_Test_Cases_for_Radio_Button"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">1</span> What are the Test Cases for Radio Button?</a></li><li><a href="#How_To_Write_Test_Cases_for_Radio_Button"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">2</span> How To Write Test Cases for Radio Button?</a><ul><li><a href="#Manual"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">2.1</span> Manual</a></li><li><a href="#Automated"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">2.2</span> Automated</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Two_Key_Aspects_to_Testing_a_Radio_Button"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">3</span> Two Key Aspects to Testing a Radio Button</a></li><li><a href="#Test_Cases_For_Radio_Buttons"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">4</span> Test Cases For Radio Buttons</a></li><li><a href="#Negative_Test_Scenarios_for_a_Radio_Button"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">5</span> Negative Test Scenarios for a Radio Button</a></li><li><a href="#Conclusion"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">6</span> Conclusion</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">7</span> Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li><a href="#What_is_a_radio_button_in_software_testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">7.1</span> What is a radio button in software testing?</a></li><li><a href="#How_to_check_if_the_radio_button_is_selected_in_Selenium"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">7.2</span> How to check if the radio button is selected in Selenium?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-what-are-the-test-cases-for-radio-button"><span id="What_are_the_Test_Cases_for_Radio_Button">What are the Test Cases for Radio Button?</span></h2>



<p>Test cases for radio buttons are essential to ensure the accuracy and reliability of single-choice options in web applications. When creating these <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/what-is-test-case/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">test cases</a>, consider factors such as default selections, user interactions, and error handling. </p>



<p>Start with verifying that the radio buttons have a default selection if required. Test the ability to select and deselect options, ensuring that only one choice is allowed at a time. Check for proper labeling and alignment to guarantee a user-friendly experience. Validate that the radio buttons respond correctly to user actions and that they maintain their state after selections. </p>



<p><em>But wait, that’s not all:</em> test error conditions, such as clicking an already selected option, and assess how the system handles these scenarios. </p>



<h2 id="h-how-to-write-test-cases-for-radio-button"><span id="How_To_Write_Test_Cases_for_Radio_Button">How To Write Test Cases for Radio Button?</span></h2>



<p>Although radio buttons provide only a single, simple choice, users can still interact with them differently. To write radio button test cases, you have to consider all the possible ways a radio button can be used. Refer to edge cases, how the UI element displays in different browsers and screens, and how it functions when selected/unselected. But the work does not end here; you should also verify the button as a part of the larger user interface. All of these tests can either be executed manually or automatically.</p>



<h3 id="h-manual"><span id="Manual">Manual</span></h3>



<p><a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/manual-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Manual testing</a> of radio buttons involves human interaction to validate their functionality. Test cases for manual testing might include verifying that only one option can be selected at a time, checking default selections, and ensuring proper labeling.</p>



<h3 id="h-automated"><span id="Automated">Automated</span></h3>



<p><a href="https://testsigma.com/automated-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Automated testing</a> employs testing tools or scripts to verify radio button functionality. Automated test cases can include checking the behavior of radio buttons with different input data, validating error messages, and testing the responsiveness of radio buttons under various conditions. </p>



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<p><strong>Test Scenario:</strong> Verify Radio Button Functionality</p>



<p><strong>Objective:</strong> Ensure only one option can be selected at a time</p>



<p><strong>Test Steps</strong></p>



<p>1. Launch the <em>Simply Travel </em>application using Testsigma tool.</p>



<p>2. Select the ‘<em>One Way Trip</em>’ radio button.</p>



<p>3. Verify that &#8216;<em>One Way Trip</em>’ is selected.</p>



<p>4. Select the ‘<em>Round Trip</em>’ radio button.</p>



<p>5. Verify that ‘<em>One Way Trip’</em> is deselected and ‘<em>Round Trip</em>’ is selected.</p>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter"></figure></div>



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<h2 id="h-two-key-aspects-to-testing-a-radio-button"><span id="Two_Key_Aspects_to_Testing_a_Radio_Button">Two Key Aspects to Testing a Radio Button</span></h2>



<p>Testing a radio button typically involves two primary aspects: how it functions and looks.</p>



<p><strong>Functionality</strong>: This aspect focuses on ensuring that the radio button functions correctly. Test cases under functionality testing may include verifying that only one option can be selected at a time, checking default selections, confirming proper labeling, and handling user interactions appropriately.</p>



<p><strong>Responsiveness</strong>: The responsiveness aspect evaluates how the radio button displays and behaves under different conditions, such as varying screen resolutions or different user devices. It ensures that the radio button remains usable and visually appealing across a range of settings, contributing to a positive user experience.</p>



<h2 id="h-test-cases-for-radio-buttons"><span id="Test_Cases_For_Radio_Buttons">Test Cases For Radio Buttons</span></h2>



<ul><li>Verify that only one radio button can be selected at a time.</li><li>Check if the radio buttons are initially unselected.</li><li>Validate that clicking on the label associated with a radio button selects the button.</li><li>Confirm that selecting one radio button deselects any previously selected option.</li><li>Verify that keyboard navigation (e.g., using the &#8220;Tab&#8221; key) can select and deselect radio buttons.</li><li>Test the behavior when no radio button is selected, and the form is submitted.</li><li>Check if radio buttons maintain their state upon page refresh.</li><li>Test the functionality of radio buttons with default pre-selected options.</li><li>Verify the behavior of radio buttons with large labels or complex HTML structures.</li><li>Validate radio button behavior when they are disabled (should not be selectable).</li><li>Test radio button responsiveness at different screen resolutions (e.g., mobile, tablet, desktop).</li><li>Test radio button behavior on touch devices to ensure easy selection.</li><li>Verify the radio button&#8217;s appearance and functionality on various operating systems.</li><li>Test the radio button under different network conditions to ensure it loads and responds efficiently.</li><li>Check for visual consistency of radio buttons on different devices and browsers.</li><li>Verify the radio button&#8217;s behavior when it is placed inside a radio button group with multiple sets of options.</li><li>Test the radio button&#8217;s functionality in scenarios where there are more options than can fit within the visible viewport, ensuring proper scrolling or display mechanisms.</li><li>Validate that radio buttons work correctly in multi-page forms, maintaining their selections as users navigate through the pages.</li><li>Verify the radio button&#8217;s behavior when used in conjunction with other form elements, such as text fields or checkboxes, to ensure they do not interfere with each other.</li><li>Check how radio buttons behave when used within complex forms with conditional logic or dynamic changes based on user selections.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-negative-test-scenarios-for-a-radio-button"><span id="Negative_Test_Scenarios_for_a_Radio_Button">Negative Test Scenarios for a Radio Button</span></h2>



<p>Let’s look at some of the negative test scenarios for a radio button:</p>



<ul><li>Attempt to select multiple radio buttons within the same group simultaneously.</li><li>Try to select a radio button that is disabled.</li><li>Test what happens when selecting a radio button with no options available in the group.</li><li>Verify the behavior when pressing the &#8220;Enter&#8221; or &#8220;Space&#8221; key when the radio button is in focus but not selected.</li><li>Check if the radio button maintains its selection after the page refresh.</li><li>Attempt to submit a form with a required radio button not selected and verify the error message or validation response.</li><li>Try to interact with radio buttons using keyboard shortcuts not associated with selection (e.g., &#8220;Ctrl&#8221; or &#8220;Alt&#8221; keys).</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-conclusion"><span id="Conclusion">Conclusion</span></h2>



<p>As we come to the end of this post, let’s focus on different aspects of creating comprehensive test cases for radio buttons. It is essential to ensure the robustness and reliability of a software application. By meticulously examining functionality, responsiveness, and various scenarios, testers can identify and rectify potential issues before they reach end-users. Additionally, incorporating both <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/test-cases-for-manual-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">manual test cases</a> and automated testing approaches provides a thorough examination of the radio button&#8217;s behavior, contributing to the overall quality and effectiveness of the software.</p>



<p><em>Further reading:</em> <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-cases-for-registration-page/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Test cases for Registration Page</a></p>



<p><a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-cases-for-api-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Test cases for API Testing</a></p>



<h2 id="h-frequently-asked-questions"><span id="Frequently_Asked_Questions">Frequently Asked Questions</span></h2>



<h3 id="h-what-is-a-radio-button-in-software-testing"><span id="What_is_a_radio_button_in_software_testing">What is a radio button in software testing?</span></h3>



<p>In software testing, a radio button is a graphical user interface (GUI) element that allows users to make a single selection from a predefined set of options. The distinctive feature of radio buttons is that, within a group of radio buttons sharing the same name, only one option can be selected at a time. This makes radio buttons suitable for scenarios where users need to make mutually exclusive choices, such as selecting a gender or choosing a preference from a set of options.</p>



<h3 id="h-how-to-check-if-the-radio-button-is-selected-in-selenium"><span id="How_to_check_if_the_radio_button_is_selected_in_Selenium">How to check if the radio button is selected in Selenium?</span></h3>



<p>In Selenium, the <em>isSelected() </em>method is used to check if the radio button is selected. Here’s a part of the code in Java:</p>



<p>driver.get(&#8220;https://example.com&#8221;);</p>



<p>        <em>// Locate the radio button element using its XPath, ID, or other locator strategy</em></p>



<p>        WebElement radioButton = driver.findElement(By.id(&#8220;radioButtonId&#8221;));</p>



<p>   <em>     // Check if the radio button is selected</em></p>



<p>        if (radioButton.isSelected()) {</p>



<p>            System.out.println(&#8220;Radio button is selected.&#8221;);</p>



<p>        } else {</p>



<p>            System.out.println(&#8220;Radio button is not selected.&#8221;);</p>



<p>        }</p>