
<p>According to Edward A. Strollo, a professor of software engineering at Stevens Institute of Technology, &#8220;The software requirements for a product like a plane or a train are so complex that it is impossible to test the system as a whole.&#8221; And this line throws a light on how important and complex integration testing and end-to-end testing can be.</p>



<p>This blog post will explore the core differences between integration testing and end-to-end testing and why understanding these differences is crucial for successful software development.</p>



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets"><p class="toc_title">Table Of Contents</p><ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#Integration_Testing_vs_End_to_End_Testing_8211_Overview"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">1</span> Integration Testing vs End to End Testing &#8211; Overview</a><ul><li><a href="#What_is_End_to_End_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">1.1</span> What is End to End Testing?</a></li><li><a href="#What_is_Integration_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">1.2</span> What is Integration Testing?</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Integration_Testing_vs_End_to_End_Testing_Key_Differences"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">2</span> Integration Testing vs End to End Testing: Key Differences</a></li><li><a href="#Integration_Testing_vs_End_to_End_Testing_8211_Which_Test_Do_you_Need"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">3</span> Integration Testing vs End to End Testing &#8211; Which Test Do you Need?</a></li><li><a href="#Testsigma_for_End-to-End_and_Integration_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">4</span> Testsigma for End-to-End and Integration Testing</a></li><li><a href="#Summary"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">5</span> Summary</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">6</span> Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li><a href="#How_do_Integration_Testing_and_E2E_Testing_Complement_Each_Other"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">6.1</span> How do Integration Testing and E2E Testing Complement Each Other?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="integration-testing-vs-end-to-end-testing-overview"><span id="Integration_Testing_vs_End_to_End_Testing_8211_Overview"><strong>Integration Testing vs End to End Testing &#8211; Overview</strong></span></h2>



<h3 id="h-what-is-end-to-end-testing"><span id="What_is_End_to_End_Testing"><a href="https://testsigma.com/end-to-end-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">What is End to End Testing?</a></span></h3>



<p>End-to-end testing is a software testing technique that verifies the entire software system from start to finish. It tests all the integrated components of the system to ensure that they work together as intended. End-to-end testing aims to identify any potential defects or problems that may occur when real users use the system.</p>



<p>This testing technique is especially important for complex software systems, where integrating different components can be complex and error-prone. By testing the entire system, end-to-end testing can ensure that the system is reliable, efficient, and user-friendly.</p>



<p>Here are some of the benefits of end-to-end testing:</p>



<ul><li>It can help identify defects not found in unit or integration testing.</li><li>It helps ensure that the system meets the user&#8217;s requirements.</li><li>It can help to improve the reliability and performance of the system.</li><li>It can help to reduce the risk of system failures.</li></ul>



<p>End-to-end testing can be time-consuming and expensive, but it is often essential for ensuring the quality of complex software systems.</p>



<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>



<p>We can have a look at a real-time example to understand this End-to-end testing better:</p>



<p><strong>Scenario:</strong> A customer purchases a product from an e-commerce website.</p>



<p><strong>Steps for the end-to-end test:</strong></p>



<ol><li>The customer navigates to the e-commerce website.</li><li>The customer searches for the product they want to purchase.</li><li>The customer adds the product to their cart.</li><li>The customer proceeds to checkout.</li><li>The customer enters their shipping and billing information.</li><li>The customer selects a shipping method.</li><li>The customer reviews their order and clicks &#8220;Place order.&#8221;</li><li>The customer receives an order confirmation email.</li><li>The customer receives their order in the mail.</li></ol>



<p>The end-to-end test would involve testing all the steps above to ensure that the entire process works as expected.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 id="h-what-is-integration-testing"><span id="What_is_Integration_Testing"><a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/integration-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">What is Integration Testing?</a></span></h3>



<p>Integration testing is the process of testing how different software modules or components interact. It is a critical part of the software development process because it helps to identify and fix integration issues early on before they cause problems in the final product.</p>



<p>This testing is typically performed after unit testing, the process of testing individual modules or components in isolation. It ensures that the modules or components work together as expected. This is done by combining the modules or components and testing them as a group.</p>



<p>Different approaches to this testing exist, such as top-down integration testing, <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/bottom-up-integration-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">bottom-up integration testing</a>, and sandwich integration testing. The best approach to use depends on the specific software project.</p>



<p>This testing is an essential part of ensuring the quality of software. By identifying and fixing integration issues early on, it can help to prevent costly errors and delays down the line.</p>



<p>Here are some benefits of this testing: </p>



<ul><li>&nbsp;It helps identify integration issues early on.</li><li>It helps to improve the reliability and robustness of the software.</li><li>It helps to reduce the risk of costly errors and delays.</li><li>It helps to ensure that the software meets the user&#8217;s requirements.</li></ul>



<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>



<p>We can have a look at a real-time example to understand this testing better:</p>



<p><strong>Scenario: </strong>A customer is trying to book a flight and hotel using a travel website.</p>



<p><strong>Steps for the <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/integration-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">integration test</a>:</strong></p>



<ol><li>The customer navigates to the travel website.</li><li>The customer enters their travel dates and destination.</li><li>The customer searches for hotels.</li><li>The customer selects the hotel.</li><li>The customer clicks on “Book Now”.</li><li>The customer moves to payment page.</li></ol>



<p>The integration test would test that integration between hotel search, select and payment works.</p>



<p>Check here &#8211; <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/unit-test-vs-integration-test/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">unit testing vs integration testing</a></p>



<h2 id="h-integration-testing-vs-end-to-end-testing-key-differences"><span id="Integration_Testing_vs_End_to_End_Testing_Key_Differences"><strong>Integration Testing vs End to End Testing: Key Differences</strong></span></h2>



<p>Here are the Key differences between Integraion and End-to-end testing, along with their characteristics explained in detail in the table below:</p>



<figure class="wp-block-table"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Characteristic features</strong></td><td><strong>Integration testing</strong></td><td><strong>End-to-end testing</strong></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Scope</strong></td><td>It tests a single module or a group of related modules. </td><td>It tests the entire software system, from the user interface to the database.</td></tr><tr><td><br><br><strong>Focus</strong></td><td><br><br>It concentrates on the interaction between different software modules or components. It ensures that these modules or components can communicate with each other and exchange data correctly. </td><td><br><br>It focuses on the whole software system from start to finish. It ensures the system performs all its intended functions and meets the user&#8217;s requirements.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Effort</strong></td><td>It is less effort-intensive than end-to-end testing because it tests a smaller subset of the software system. </td><td>It is more effort-intensive because it tests the entire software system.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Time</strong></td><td>It is executed after unit testing, which tests individual modules or components in isolation.  This testing is done before end-to-end testing</td><td>It is generally performed after integration testing. Still, it can also be performed after system testing, which tests the entire software system in its final environment.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Cost</strong></td><td>It is less expensive than end-to-end testing because it tests a smaller subset of the software system. </td><td>It is more expensive because it tests the entire software system.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Complexity</strong></td><td>It is less complex than end-to-end testing because it tests a smaller subset of the software system.</td><td>It is more complex because it tests the entire software system, which can be complex and interconnected.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Benefits</strong></td><td>It helps identify issues early on, preventing costly errors and delays.</td><td>It helps to identify defects that may not be found in unit or integration testing.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Drawbacks</strong></td><td>It may only identify some defects, especially if the software system is complex.</td><td>It can be time-consuming and expensive, especially for large and complex software systems.</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>



<p>Check here &#8211; <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/system-testing-vs-integration-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">System Testing vs Integration Testing</a></p>



<h2 id="h-integration-testing-vs-end-to-end-testing-which-test-do-you-need"><span id="Integration_Testing_vs_End_to_End_Testing_8211_Which_Test_Do_you_Need"><strong>Integration Testing vs End to End Testing &#8211; Which Test Do you Need?</strong></span></h2>



<p>If anyone asks you this &#8216;<em>which&#8217; </em>question, you should know the type of testing you need depends on the specific requirements of your software project. In general, you must perform both integration and end-to-end testing.&nbsp;</p>



<p>However, the emphasis on each <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/the-different-software-testing-types-explained/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">type of testing</a> will vary depending on the project. When deciding which type of testing to use, here are some factors to consider:</p>



<ul><li><strong>Complexity of the software system:</strong> If the software system is complex, you may need to perform both integration testing and end-to-end testing. This is because complex software systems often have many different modules or components that need to interact with each other. By performing integration testing, you can identify and fix any problems with the interaction between these modules or components.</li></ul>



<ul><li><strong>Risk of defects:</strong> If the software system is high-risk, you should perform more extensive, end-to-end testing. This is because high-risk software systems are more likely to have defects that could cause user problems. By performing end-to-end testing, you can identify and fix any defects that could affect the entire system.</li></ul>



<ul><li><strong>Budget and time constraints:</strong> Integration testing is less expensive and time-consuming than end-to-end testing. This is because integration testing tests a smaller subset of the software system. If you are on a tight budget or time constraint, consider prioritizing integration testing over end-to-end testing.</li></ul>



<ul><li><strong>Availability of test data:</strong> You may need to create <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-data/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">test data</a> for end-to-end testing, which can be time-consuming and expensive. You must have access to the necessary test data if you need help performing end-to-end testing.</li></ul>



<p>Here are some examples of when you might use integration testing:</p>



<ul><li>When testing a new module being added to an existing system.</li><li>When testing the interaction between two or more modules in a system.</li><li>When testing a system that is being modified or upgraded.</li></ul>



<p>Here are some examples of when you might use end-to-end testing:</p>



<ul><li>When testing a new system from start to finish.</li><li>When testing a system that real users are using.</li><li>When testing a system that is critical to the business.</li></ul>



<p>Ultimately, the decision of which type of testing to use is up to the software development team. The team should consider the specific requirements of the project and the factors listed above to make the best decision.</p>



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<h2 id="h-testsigma-for-end-to-end-and-integration-testing"><span id="Testsigma_for_End-to-End_and_Integration_Testing"><strong>Testsigma for End-to-End and Integration Testing</strong></span></h2>



<p>Testsigma is a powerful and easy-to-use automation tool that can help you improve the quality of your software. <a href="https://testsigma.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Testsigma </a>has multiple features, making it an ideal tool for automating end-to-end and integration tests.&nbsp;</p>



<p>It is easy to use, even for non-technical users, and it offers a wide range of features that can help you save time and effort. With Testsigma, you can:</p>



<p><strong><em>End-to-End Testing-Testsigma:</em></strong></p>



<ol><li>It is a cloud-based platform to access anywhere. This makes it ideal for distributed teams or teams that need to test on multiple devices or environments.</li><li>It is easy to use, even for non-technical users. You can create test cases using predefined NLPs and automate these test cases.</li><li>It is scalable, so you can easily add more tests or users as your needs grow.</li><li>It offers a wide range of features, including <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data-driven_testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Data-driven testing</a>: You can use data sets to drive your tests, which can help you automate more complex tests.</li><li>Parallel execution: You can run your tests in parallel, which can help you reduce the time it takes to test your software.</li></ol>



<p>Check here &#8211; <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/big-bang-integration-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Big Bang Integration Testing</a></p>



<p><strong><em>Integration Testing-Testsigma:</em></strong></p>



<ol><li>It lets you automate your web, mobile, APIs, and desktop tests from the same place while using the same approach.</li><li>You can customize your tests if you want to extend them.</li><li>With Testsigma, you don&#8217;t need to be an expert in coding &#8211; you can author and edit your tests like you would write and edit simple English sentences.</li><li>Not only that, Testsigma lets you integrate into device cloud labs and lets you run your tests in parallel.</li><li>Testsigma is also built-in, with extensive support for <a href="https://testsigma.com/parallel-test-runs" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">parallel testing</a>.</li><li>All of the above and more, with 24&#215;7 support.&nbsp;</li></ol>



<p>Testsigma is the perfect tool for teams of all sizes who want to improve the quality of their software.&nbsp;</p>



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<h2 id="h-summary"><span id="Summary"><strong>Summary</strong></span></h2>



<p>In conclusion, understanding the differences between integration testing and end-to-end testing is crucial for any software development project. While both types of testing are essential for ensuring a smooth and functional application, they serve different purposes and require different approaches. Choosing the right testing strategy for your project can save time, reduce costs, and ensure a successful launch.</p>



<p>Happy Testing!</p>



<h2 id="h-frequently-asked-questions"><span id="Frequently_Asked_Questions"><strong>Frequently Asked Questions</strong></span></h2>



<h3 id="how-do-integration-testing-and-e2e-testing-complement-each-other"><span id="How_do_Integration_Testing_and_E2E_Testing_Complement_Each_Other">How do Integration Testing and E2E Testing Complement Each Other?</span></h3>



<p><strong>Integration testing</strong> ensures that different modules of a software system work together correctly.</p>



<p><strong>E2E testing</strong> ensures that the entire software system works correctly from start to finish.</p>



<p>By combining these two testing techniques, you can get a complete picture of the quality of your software system.</p>



<customlinks>
<ts-link-item>
<ts-linktext-value>Integration Testing</ts-linktext-value>
<ts-linkurl-value>https://testsigma.com/guides/integration-testing/</ts-linkurl-value>
</ts-link-item>
<ts-link-item>
<ts-linktext-value>E2E Testing</ts-linktext-value>
<ts-linkurl-value>https://testsigma.com/end-to-end-testing</ts-linkurl-value>
</ts-link-item>
<ts-link-item>
<ts-linktext-value>Functional Testing VS Integration Testing</ts-linktext-value>
<ts-linkurl-value>https://testsigma.com/blog/functional-testing-vs-integration-testing/</ts-linkurl-value>
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Integration Testing vs. End-to-End Testing The Core Differences

Integration Testing vs End-to-End Testing: The Core Differences

Software Testing Fundamentals Guide to Concepts and Processes

Software Testing Fundamentals: Guide to Concepts and Processes


<p><strong><em>&#8220;Quality is never an accident; it is always the result of intelligent effort.&#8221; &#8211; John Ruskin</em></strong></p>



<p>In the world of software testing, ensuring quality is not a mere coincidence but a meticulously planned endeavor. As we embark on this voyage of software testing, we come across a set of invaluable companions known as &#8220;Test Deliverables.&#8221;</p>



<p>Just as a well-prepared meal requires the right ingredients and a skilled chef to bring out its flavors, successful software testing relies on these key documents, artifacts, and reports to achieve its goals.&nbsp;</p>



<p>In this blog, we will try to understand test deliverables and explore their significance, types, and the pivotal role they play in delivering high-quality software.</p>



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets"><p class="toc_title">Table Of Contents</p><ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_are_Test_Deliverables"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">1</span> What are Test Deliverables?</a></li><li><a href="#List_of_Test_Deliverables"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">2</span> List of Test Deliverables:</a><ul><li><a href="#Test_Strategy"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">2.1</span> Test Strategy</a></li><li><a href="#Test_Plan"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">2.2</span> Test Plan</a></li><li><a href="#Test_CasesTest_Scripts"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">2.3</span> Test Cases/Test Scripts</a></li><li><a href="#Test_data"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">2.4</span> Test data</a></li><li><a href="#Test_summary_report"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">2.5</span> Test summary report</a></li><li><a href="#Test_Closure_Report"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">2.6</span> Test Closure Report</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Role_of_Test_Automation_in_Getting_the_Test_Deliverables"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">3</span> Role of Test Automation in Getting the Test Deliverables</a></li><li><a href="#Conclusion"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">4</span> Conclusion</a></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-what-are-test-deliverables"><span id="What_are_Test_Deliverables"><strong>What are Test Deliverables?</strong></span></h2>



<p>Test deliverables are the tangible artifacts and documents generated during the <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/software-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">software testing</a> process. These items serve various purposes, from planning and execution to reporting and analysis. They are essential for tracking progress, ensuring adherence to testing standards, and providing stakeholders with valuable insights into the quality of the software under test.</p>



<h2 id="h-list-of-test-deliverables"><span id="List_of_Test_Deliverables"><strong>List of Test Deliverables:</strong></span></h2>



<p>Imagine you&#8217;re at a hospital for treatment/surgery, and a team of expert doctors is attending you. What would you expect from them? Thorough planning, meticulous execution, and detailed documentation of the entire process, right? Well, in software testing, we have our own set of &#8220;doctors&#8221; – testers – who ensure the &#8220;health&#8221; of our software. Just like in medicine, there&#8217;s a need for precision and care in software testing, and this begins with creating the right &#8220;test deliverables.&#8221;</p>



<p>Let&#8217;s take a closer look at these test deliverables by drawing parallels with the medical industry:</p>



<h3 id="h-test-strategy"><span id="Test_Strategy">Test Strategy</span></h3>



<p>In the medical world, a doctor begins by crafting a treatment plan, which outlines the overall approach to addressing a patient&#8217;s condition. Similarly, in software testing, the Test Strategy serves as the treatment plan.&nbsp;</p>



<p>It defines the scope, risks, quality criteria, testing techniques, resources, and timelines, providing a strategic view of how testing will be conducted throughout the project.</p>



<h3 id="h-test-plan"><span id="Test_Plan">Test Plan</span></h3>



<p>Much like a doctor starts with a thorough diagnosis to understand a patient&#8217;s ailments, the Test Plan in software testing is like the initial assessment. It defines what needs to be tested, how it will be tested, and what resources are required.&nbsp;</p>



<p>The <a href="https://testsigma.com/testplan" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Test Plan</a> is a detailed document that describes the testing approach, objectives, and methodologies. It includes the scope of testing, roles, timelines and test schedule, resource allocation, and test environment requirements.</p>



<h3 id="h-test-cases-test-scripts"><span id="Test_CasesTest_Scripts">Test Cases/Test Scripts</span></h3>



<p>Just as a doctor prescribes a specific treatment regimen with detailed instructions, software testers create <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/what-is-test-case/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Test Cases</a> or Test Scripts. These detailed instructions guide the testing process, specifying what to test, what data to use, and the expected outcomes. They are the treatment regimen for your software.</p>



<p>Test cases/scripts detail the step-by-step instructions for executing tests, including input data, and expected results.</p>



<h3 id="h-test-data"><span id="Test_data">Test data</span></h3>



<p>A patient&#8217;s medical history is vital for diagnosis and treatment decisions. Similarly, <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-data/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Test Data</a> in software testing provides the necessary input and configurations to execute tests. It&#8217;s like the patient&#8217;s medical history, helping testers understand the software&#8217;s behavior under various conditions.&nbsp;</p>



<p>Test Data encompasses the input values, configurations, and scenarios used during testing. Proper test data management is crucial to ensure thorough and accurate testing.</p>



<h3 id="h-test-summary-report"><span id="Test_summary_report">Test summary report</span></h3>



<p>After a doctor prescribes treatment, they regularly review the patient&#8217;s progress. Similarly, a Test Summary Report tracks the progress of testing. It provides an overview of the testing effort, including pass/fail results, coverage, and any issues encountered. This report keeps stakeholders informed, much like a <a href="https://visme.co/blog/progress-report-template/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">progress report</a> keeps the patient and their family updated on their condition.</p>



<p>The Test Summary Report provides a high-level overview of the testing activities and results. It includes key metrics, such as test coverage, pass/fail status, and any outstanding issues.</p>



<h3 id="h-test-closure-report"><span id="Test_Closure_Report">Test Closure Report</span></h3>



<p>When a patient&#8217;s treatment is complete, doctors prepare a discharge summary, highlighting the overall health status and future recommendations. In software testing, the<a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-closure-report/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> Test Closure Report</a> is akin to the discharge summary, signaling the readiness for deployment. It marks the end of the testing phase, summarizing the entire testing effort, lessons learned, and recommendations for future projects.</p>



<h2 id="h-role-of-test-automation-in-getting-the-test-deliverables"><span id="Role_of_Test_Automation_in_Getting_the_Test_Deliverables"><strong>Role of Test Automation in Getting the Test Deliverables</strong></span></h2>



<p>Test automation acts as a powerful tool in the production of test deliverables by increasing efficiency, ensuring consistency, and providing detailed reporting. It allows software testing teams to meet tight deadlines, maintain high-quality standards, and deliver valuable insights into the quality of the software being tested.</p>



<p>Just like a highly efficient assistant to a doctor can help streamline patient care, test automation simplifies and enhances the process of producing test deliverables. Here&#8217;s how:</p>



<ul><li><strong>Efficiency &amp; Speed:</strong> Test automation tools can rapidly build and execute test cases and generate test results. This efficiency significantly reduces the time required to perform testing activities.&nbsp;</li><li><strong>Data Management:</strong> Test automation tools often come with data management features. They can help generate and manage test data, ensuring that the right input data is used for each test case. This is like having an automated system to maintain and update patient records, making sure the correct data is associated with each patient.</li><li><strong>Continuous Integration:</strong> Test automation can seamlessly integrate with the software development process, enabling continuous testing. With each code change or build, automated tests can be triggered automatically. This integration ensures that test deliverables, such as test results and reports, are continuously generated and readily available.</li></ul>



<ul><li><strong>Parallel Execution:</strong> Automation tools can execute multiple test cases simultaneously, increasing testing throughput. This parallel execution capability expedites the testing process and accelerates the production of test deliverables.</li><li><strong>Reusability:</strong> Automated test scripts and artifact templates are reusable assets. Once created, they can be used across different testing phases, and projects, or even with minor adjustments for similar features. This reusability not only saves time but also promotes consistency across different testing efforts.</li><li><strong>Reporting:</strong> Automation tools typically provide detailed test execution reports. These reports include information such as pass/fail status, logs, and screenshots. Using these reports, generating test summary reports and test closure reports becomes more efficient and accurate, similar to how an assistant can compile and organize patient records for the doctor&#8217;s review.</li></ul>



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<h2 id="h-conclusion"><span id="Conclusion"><strong>Conclusion</strong></span></h2>



<p>In software testing, test deliverables are not just documents; they are the tools, guides, and records that ensure a successful expedition into the software wilderness. They help testers navigate, document their findings, and ensure that the software landscape is thoroughly explored, just as explorers rely on their compass, maps, journals, supplies, logs, and debriefs to conquer uncharted territories.</p>



<p>They provide a roadmap for testing activities, ensure accountability, and offer valuable insights into the quality of the software. Incorporating a robust set of test deliverables and leveraging <a href="https://testsigma.com/automated-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">test automation</a> as a strategic ally, software development teams can navigate the complex landscape of testing with confidence, delivering software that meets user expectations and industry standards.</p>





QA Checklist
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Technical Review
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Test Bed
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Test Object
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Test File Upload
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Test Doubles
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Test Deliverables in Software Testing

Real-time testing What is it & How it Works with Example

Real-time testing | What is it & How it Works with Example

Test optimization techniques in software testing

Best Backend Automation Testing Tools 2023

Best 10 Backend Automation Testing Tools


<p>Welcome to the exciting world of software testing! In today&#8217;s exponentially paced tech era, software testers play a pivotal role in enabling the quality and reliability of software applications. In this article, we&#8217;ll dive deep into the art of being a software tester, exploring the foundational principles, customer-centric mindset, continuous learning, social media leverage, essential skills, and tips on landing your dream testing job. So, whether you&#8217;re a budding testing enthusiast or completely new to this field, let&#8217;s unleash on this journey of becoming a software testing professional.</p>



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets"><p class="toc_title">Table Of Contents</p><ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#Foundations_Building_Your_Testing_Knowledge_Base"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">1</span> Foundations: Building Your Testing Knowledge Base</a></li><li><a href="#Understanding_Customers_The_Heart_of_Software_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">2</span> Understanding Customers: The Heart of Software Testing</a></li><li><a href="#Learning_to_Learn_A_Continuous_Journey"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">3</span> Learning to Learn: A Continuous Journey</a></li><li><a href="#Leveraging_Social_Media_Turn_Scrolling_into_Learning"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">4</span> Leveraging Social Media: Turn Scrolling into Learning</a></li><li><a href="#Skills_That_Will_Set_You_Apart"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">5</span> Skills That Will Set You Apart</a></li><li><a href="#Applying_for_Your_Dream_Testing_Job_Get_Noticed"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">6</span> Applying for Your Dream Testing Job: Get Noticed</a></li><li><a href="#Conclusion"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">7</span> Conclusion</a></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-foundations-building-your-testing-knowledge-base"><span id="Foundations_Building_Your_Testing_Knowledge_Base"><strong>Foundations: Building Your Testing Knowledge Base</strong></span></h2>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter is-resized"><img loading="lazy" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/tfXA6q-BTZ4E8zadrJGYx2VLUdfjdBwGK_p-TGuJA7kJrJC2y8g9JFch6sq06ZuZG4d0AfYH7nBN8pKOg0hGATveugu71cL37yYhk5AjQ97gfiGySU_q3-jjyGtO7805r_R1GSV-bWbfTpEKOHs0-w" alt="Building Your Testing Knowledge Base" width="663" height="468" /></figure></div>



<p>Before you begin your software testing journey, it&#8217;s crucial to lay a solid foundation. One excellent resource for aspiring testers is the BBST (Black Box Software Testing) 3.0 Foundations course. It provides a comprehensive understanding of software testing principles and concepts. The video lecture library for this course is available for free here: <a href="https://bbst.courses/category/open-course-materials/">BBST® Video Lectures &#8211; Learn Black Box Software Testing</a> Additionally, consider reading and revisiting this summary eBook that distills the key concepts, making it easier to grasp and refresh your testing concepts: <a href="https://www.thetesttribe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/BBST-Foundations-2.pdf">Testing Foundations Summary</a>.&nbsp;</p>



<p><strong>Homework:</strong> Document your study notes and publish your learnings from this lecture in the form of a social media post or article. This will be your first step toward your <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/portfolio-ideas-for-testers/">learning portfolio</a>.</p>



<h2 id="understanding-customers-the-heart-of-software-testing"><span id="Understanding_Customers_The_Heart_of_Software_Testing"><strong>Understanding Customers: The Heart of Software Testing</strong></span></h2>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter is-resized"><img loading="lazy" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/u0iXp_1x7tM2XdIe-2soc5eN82G91VhXK0atSkxcWq_rrA_P29caUifKU3LDwCF1Z-6vBG9WFJQBc72JWxixp9HK_0gzsjHwbAgZoQH5B0HygA54oXgS5Nq6GsZIt-an1trzNDrSa6WwlGWCOv38pg" alt="The Heart of Software Testing" width="763" height="509" /></figure></div>



<p>In the journey of becoming a tester, many aspirants tend to direct their focus on technology and tools. However, as a software tester, your primary focus should always be on your customers. Understanding their needs, challenges, and business objectives is essential. Assume the role of a tester for a software application “A” being built by a company “C” and start by asking yourself questions like:</p>



<ul><li>Why are your customers paying for this “A” software?</li><li>What is the business model of your customer “C”, and how does the software application “A” support it?</li><li>What are the specific business challenges or contexts that “C” has?</li><li>How can your testing efforts contribute to solving these challenges?</li><li>How does the application “A” fit in the bigger picture of “C”?</li></ul>



<p>Imagine being in your customers&#8217; shoes when they encounter frustrating software bugs or issues. How would you feel? Your role as a tester is to minimize such negative experiences and ensure a smooth, user journey.&nbsp;</p>



<p><strong>Homework: </strong>Take your favorite app. Now, as a customer of that app, write down the following:</p>



<ul><li>What makes the app so pleasurable for you?&nbsp;</li><li>What do you like the most?</li><li>What can ruin this experience in future?</li></ul>



<p>After you are done with the above points. Assume the role of a potential tester, now write down how will you test this app so that the customer experience is not ruined.</p>



<h2 id="learning-to-learn-a-continuous-journey"><span id="Learning_to_Learn_A_Continuous_Journey"><strong>Learning to Learn: A Continuous Journey</strong></span></h2>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter is-resized"><img loading="lazy" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/YF5_wJjPIQ0c7WYXLTjsS7mdhhP-R5ZTIBmMcOv-Zq0jfptf3FyyNlrEzct3aNNSVj_BEAs3o9IbL_DlzPUkEcnK-t2NTO_njnw01XZ7NdndSbLEtwQUh9XyLpD9D7c6vM_X0jTWhsaIy5ToCbfOJw" alt="Learning to Learn: A Continuous Journey" width="532" height="355" /></figure></div>



<p>Software testing is an ever-evolving field. With the fast changing landscape of the tech world, testing landscape is changing too. To stay relevant and excel in your role as a tester, you must be committed to continuous learning. Three areas where you will have to continuously expand your knowledge and skills are:</p>



<ol><li><strong>Core Testing</strong>: Dive deep into various testing methodologies, test design skills, exploratory testing, questioning, etc.&nbsp;</li><li><strong>Technology</strong> <strong>&amp; Tools</strong>: Keep pace with the latest technological advancements in software industry, as they will directly influence your testing practices. Be up to date with state of the art tools and technology trends.</li><li><strong>Business &amp; Customer Domain</strong>: Understand the business domain of the software you are testing. It&#8217;s not enough to know how to find bugs; you must also know how those bugs affect the business. This will help you advocate better as a tester.</li></ol>



<p>To kickstart your learning journey, explore the A-Z of Testing Tips, a treasure trove of practical testing wisdom available on Testsigma blog: <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/software-testing-tips/">A to Z of Software Testing: Terms, Tips, &amp; Advice for Newbies (testsigma.com)</a></p>



<p class="has-text-align-center">“<em>In this era of machine learning, be a learning machine.</em>”</p>



<p class="has-text-align-center"><strong>Ajay Balamurugadas</strong></p>



<h2 id="leveraging-social-media-turn-scrolling-into-learning"><span id="Leveraging_Social_Media_Turn_Scrolling_into_Learning"><strong>Leveraging Social Media: Turn Scrolling into Learning</strong></span></h2>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter is-resized"><img loading="lazy" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/menW1Qq5-p6BmgbXuDkLZyRwneff2rPyB7reEXSs_03d_2HNJ78wIiNCToyBY5Dw4sEwOvGdOapLlHc_p4bFr2pdx_PYu1b-gyw4ZvsnSFkcjMJ-iOStyDPQcCH98_AZA5bEnM00jszibQVDLaVb1A" alt="Leveraging Social Media: Turn Scrolling into Learning" width="583" height="437" /></figure></div>



<p>Let&#8217;s face it; we all spend around 10% of our days’ time on social media. So, why not make it productive?&nbsp;</p>



<ol><li>Start by following popular testers, testing communities, and testing blogs on platforms like Twitter and LinkedIn. Here are few curated lists for you:<ol><li><a href="https://testingtitbits.com/7-testing-communities-from-where-i-learn-something-new-almost-everyday/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">7 Testing Communities from where I learn new stuff in 2023</a></li><li><a href="https://www.testingcircus.com/testers-in-twitter/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">200+ Software Testers To Follow on Twitter | X</a></li></ol></li><li>Some recommended websites / social platforms to follow include:<ol><li><a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><strong>Testsigma</strong></a>: Offering insights into testing, tech and latest trends on testing.</li><li><a href="https://www.satisfice.com/blog" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow"><strong>Satisfice</strong></a>: Home to James Bach, this is a popular testing blog for serious testers.&nbsp;</li><li><a href="https://testingtitbits.com/blog/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow"><strong>Testing Titbits</strong></a>: A source of bite-sized testing knowledge, tips, and curated learning materials.</li><li><a href="https://testingdaily.info/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow"><strong>Testing Daily</strong></a>: Daily feed on testing to stay updated on the latest testing trends and news.</li></ol></li></ol>



<p><strong>Homework:</strong> While going through all these platforms, don&#8217;t just be a passive observer; engage with the community, share your thoughts, and ask questions.&nbsp;</p>



<p>The above homework will help you to find mentors and passionate peers from the industry. Mentors can be invaluable in your journey to becoming a good software tester. However, remember that your first message to any potential mentor should not be asking for help. Instead, offer your assistance or insights on a topic you&#8217;re knowledgeable about. Build a genuine relationship by discussing testing and sharing your experiences. Over time, you can seek guidance and advice as your relations grow.</p>



<h2 id="skills-that-will-set-you-apart"><span id="Skills_That_Will_Set_You_Apart"><strong>Skills That Will Set You Apart</strong></span></h2>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter"><img src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/DsV_bJzJHWRwUFUeAXIaQuGU4VG9HlKZoEE4KMSUuy8u9jEIcqcnjIQhL_sgQ-2fAjXwNSWWrQvKQVoDKwehOKqX7c8S89UU1Qx4P2wRxdwnwMS79F_0JmetvsxzqfWpzKYoXX6_gL5CbszGQjvnXA" alt="Skills That Will Set You Apart" /></figure></div>



<p>While the above things will make you ready to be a software tester, you will need diverse set of skills to really stand out in this highly competitive market. Let&#8217;s understand some of our most critical ones:</p>



<ol><li><strong>Mindmapping</strong>: Use this technique for note-taking, documenting product details, creating presentations, and modeling products. It&#8217;s a versatile skill that enhances your ability to organize and communicate information effectively.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li></ol>



<p><strong><br></strong>Reference: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ijRhVwLCHMU&amp;t=607s" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">Prashant Hegde &#8211; Mindmap Driven Testing &#8211; YouTube</a></p>



<ol start="2"><li><strong>Communication Skills</strong>: Testing is not just about finding bugs; it&#8217;s about conveying your findings to others. Hone your written, verbal, and visual communication skills. Presentation skills are a fusion of these three components and are essential for effectively conveying your testing results. Your bug reports are also a way for you to present your bugs.&nbsp;</li></ol>



<p><strong><br></strong>Reference: <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/bug-report-template/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">How to report an issue using a bug report template? (testsigma.com)</a></p>



<ol start="3"><li><strong>Business Language</strong>: A good command of English can open doors for you in the job market. The ability to communicate clearly and professionally is a valuable asset. In today’s world, you can use AI assistants to get better at business communication.&nbsp;</li></ol>



<p>Reference: <a href="https://app.yoodli.ai/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">Yoodli | Free Communication Coach</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>



<ol start="4"><li><strong>Programming</strong>: While not mandatory, having programming skills can be a game-changer for a tester. Choose a popular language like JavaScript, C#, Java, or Python. Learning to code and write logical test scripts will make you more versatile and adaptable in the world of testing. If you want a balance between coding and non-coding, you can also checkout platforms like Testsigma which offers you the power of no code along with the capability to extend it via code.</li></ol>



<br><p><button class="btn bg-primary cta-btn" style="margin: auto"><a href="https://testsigma.com/signup" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color:#fff">Try Testsigma Open source</a></button></p><br>



<ol start="5"><li><strong>Questioning</strong>: Testing is fundamentally about asking questions. In the words of James Bach, &#8220;Testing is questioning a product in order to evaluate it.&#8221; Learn how to craft context-free questions for testing and build your questioning toolkit to extract valuable information from the software under test.</li></ol>



<p>Reference: <a href="https://developsense.com/blog/2010/11/context-free-questions-for-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">Context-Free Questions for Testing – DevelopSense</a></p>



<h2 id="applying-for-your-dream-testing-job-get-noticed"><span id="Applying_for_Your_Dream_Testing_Job_Get_Noticed"><p style="padding-bottom:30px"><strong>Applying for Your Dream Testing Job: Get Noticed</strong></p></span></h2>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter is-resized"><img loading="lazy" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/Qh8s1BO_SuLt0Y_zMNGnNL-WKhaKzXnjUUgw6of0nuEXpny0Pw4P75cR7HYsHz-1XNqf-YmlaBV2wCyuX9uGGOCIif6h_6tivIJWzUz5Q-96rI_rMumDzU6tl7325wXt7IRW7GRxorlgPSGp7Aa8UQ" alt="Applying for Your Dream Testing Job: Get Noticed" width="632" height="422" /></figure></div>



<p><p style="padding-top:30px">Now that you&#8217;ve built your knowledge, skills, and network, it&#8217;s time to apply for testing jobs. Leverage social media and job handles to find opportunities. Showcase your skills and experience through a professional portfolio that prospective employers can review. Check out this article to understand the perspective of your potential interviewer and prepare for your interview: <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/an-interviewers-complete-guide-to-hire-the-best-qa-engineers/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">An Interviewer&#8217;s Complete Guide to hire the best QA Engineers.</a></p></p>



<h2 id="conclusion"><span id="Conclusion"><strong>Conclusion</strong></span></h2>



<p>Becoming a software tester is a fulfilling journey that will require dedication and continuous learning. By understanding your customers, cultivating a learning mindset, leveraging social media, acquiring essential skills, and effectively applying for jobs, you can carve out a successful career in software testing. Remember, software testing is not just about finding bugs; it&#8217;s about ensuring that the software meets its intended purpose and provides a seamless user experience. Embrace this responsibility, and you&#8217;ll become an indispensable part of any software development team. Happy testing!</p>





Chrome Extensions for Testers
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How To Be An Active Tester?
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How to Become a Software Tester?

Defect Removal Efficiency How To Calculate It For Test Automation

Defect Removal Efficiency: How To Calculate It For Test Automation


<p>Both DevOps and Agile frameworks focus on rapid development and delivery, and to enable this test automation becomes crucial. However, automation testing has its own challenges. Maintenance is one such challenge. If a test automation framework is not maintained correctly, automation testing starts to give False Positive and False Negative results.</p>



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets"><p class="toc_title">Table Of Contents</p><ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#False_Positive_VS_False_Negative_8211_Overview"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">1</span> False Positive VS False Negative &#8211; Overview</a></li><li><a href="#False_Positive_VS_False_Negative_How_to_Find"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">2</span> False Positive VS False Negative: How to Find?</a></li><li><a href="#Why_do_False_Positive_and_False_Negative_Occur"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">3</span> Why do False Positive and False Negative Occur?</a></li><li><a href="#Examples_of_False_Negative_and_False_Negative"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">4</span> Examples of False Negative and False Negative</a></li><li><a href="#False_Positive_and_False_Negative_8211_Importance_in_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">5</span> False Positive and False Negative &#8211; Importance in Testing</a></li><li><a href="#False_Positive_and_False_Negative_8211_Importance_in_test_automation"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">6</span> False Positive and False Negative &#8211; Importance in test automation</a></li><li><a href="#How_to_Choose_the_Right_Tool"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">7</span> How to Choose the Right Tool?</a></li><li><a href="#Best_Practices_for_Reducing_False_Positive_and_False_Negative"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">8</span> Best Practices for Reducing False Positive and False Negative</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">9</span> Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li><a href="#How_to_handle_false_positive_and_negative"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">9.1</span> How to handle false positive and negative?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="false-positive-vs-false-negative-overview"><span id="False_Positive_VS_False_Negative_8211_Overview"><strong>False Positive VS False Negative &#8211; Overview</strong></span></h2>



<p id="h-what-is-false-positive-in-software-testing"><strong>What is False Positive in Software Testing?</strong></p>



<p>A false positive is an outcome where the model wrongly predicts the positive case.</p>



<p>if the test case is supposed to pass however due to script issues the test result is marked as fail. If you look at the application everything might be working as expected it&#8217;s just automation script marked them fail. The false positive might occur mostly due to tools, dependencies, middleware, or sometimes invalid DOM elements.</p>



<p id="h-what-is-a-false-negative-in-software-testing"><strong>What is a False Negative in Software Testing?</strong></p>



<p>A false negative is an outcome where the model wrongly predicts the negative case.&nbsp;</p>



<p>In testing, if the test case is supposed to fail due to functional issues or defects however test case ignores those defects and marks the test as pass. It can occur due to improper construction of test cases, false assumptions while writing the automation scripts, etc.</p>



<h2 id="h-false-positive-vs-false-negative-how-to-find"><span id="False_Positive_VS_False_Negative_How_to_Find"><strong>False Positive VS False Negative: How to Find?</strong></span></h2>



<p>Both false positives and false negatives are common in test automation. However, more than false positives, the false negatives have impact as it marks the defective application as pass.&nbsp;</p>



<p>If more of such issue start occurring in your application, the test automation test reports become unreliable. Thus, you should be very careful while writing the tests.&nbsp;</p>



<p>Let’s understand in detail how to find the false positives and false negatives.</p>



<p id="h-how-to-find-false-negatives"><strong>How to Find False Negatives?</strong></p>



<p>Finding a false negative is a lot more complicated than you think, as false negative results mark the test as passing inaccurately. False negatives can be caught only if you analyze them manually. You might not be able to validate a complete application manually if it is a complex application. However, you can put the strategy that whenever there are specific feature changes, you must ensure that all those test cases are validated manually and note down the expected result. The strategy needs to be improved based on its effectiveness.&nbsp;</p>



<p>Building a robust framework and having the right strategy are key to reducing false negatives.</p>



<p><strong>How to Find the False Positives?</strong></p>



<p>Unlike false negatives, finding false positives is easy. Standard practice in automation is to analyze the automation failures as and when the result/report appears.&nbsp; Before logging any issue as a defect, perform a double-check by reproducing the error manually.&nbsp;</p>



<p>In false positives scenarios, you can aim to go through the list of failure scenarios manually and analyze them before concluding.</p>



<h2 id="h-why-do-false-positive-and-false-negative-occur"><span id="Why_do_False_Positive_and_False_Negative_Occur"><strong>Why do False Positive and False Negative Occur?</strong></span></h2>



<p>Both False negatives and false positives can occur because of various reasons. However, the business impact of false negatives is more compared to false positives. As an automation team, you should always aim to have 0% false negatives. The false positive percentage can vary based on the application complexity and automation framework.</p>



<p id="h-reason-for-false-negatives"><strong>Reason for False Negatives</strong></p>



<ol><li>Poor Automation framework architecture</li><li>Skipping some of the conditions while designing the test case</li><li>Untrustworthy tools/packages are used for automation</li><li>Outdated packages, and libraries used in test automation</li><li>Unhandled pesticide paradox principle</li><li>Assumption of test coverage<br></li></ol>



<p id="h-reason-for-false-positives"><strong>Reason for False Positives</strong></p>



<ol><li>Automation scripts are not maintained regularly</li><li>Unstable <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-environment/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">testing environment</a></li><li>Standard locator strategies are not used</li><li>Outdated frameworks, libraries, and packages used</li><li>Underlying component issues such as Incompatible browsers, browser drivers, etc.</li></ol>



<h2 id="h-examples-of-false-negative-and-false-negative"><span id="Examples_of_False_Negative_and_False_Negative"><strong>Examples of False Negative and False Negative</strong></span></h2>



<p><br>When you hear about false positives and false negatives you may easily get confused, Let&#8217;s put it into analogy. When we compare with the medical test case, the medical test is done for the whether patient has some medical condition or not. Similarly, when it applies to software testing we can assume as below. <em>A positive test found a bug when there was a bug in the application</em>. This means that there was a bug in the application and automation testing found it, it is a true and ideal scenario.<br>Let&#8217;s take another example of COVID-19 test</p>



<p><strong>False Positive</strong></p>



<p>Suppose Person X doesn&#8217;t have COVID-19 and he provides the sample for testing. When the report arrived the test report was marked inaccurately COVID-19 positive though he doesn’t have an infection in his body.</p>



<p>When the same scenario is applied to testing, If you have a login scenario that is working as expected when you execute the automation test script it reports back Login functionality failed. In reality, there is no bug as such. This is a false positive.</p>



<p><strong>False Negative</strong></p>



<p>Suppose Person Y has covid infection and he provides the sample for testing. When the report arrived, report marked as “No Infections” which is COVID-19 negative. This is inaccurate, as in reality he had a COVID-19 infection.</p>



<p>Similarly, in software testing, you have a login scenario, which is failing to log in with a username and password. But, when you execute the automation script you get the report saying that the login test is passed. This is false negative.</p>



<p>If you are still confused, let&#8217;s put it in simple terms.</p>



<p>Automation test reporting failure without any valid failure in the application is called a false positive.</p>



<p>Automation test passing even if there is a valid failure in the application is called a false negative.</p>



<h2 id="h-false-positive-and-false-negative-importance-in-testing"><span id="False_Positive_and_False_Negative_8211_Importance_in_Testing"><strong>False Positive and False Negative &#8211; Importance in Testing</strong></span></h2>



<p>The <a href="https://www.javatpoint.com/software-engineering-software-development-life-cycle" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Software Development Life Cycle</a>(SDLC) gives the same importance to testing as development, the reason is it aims to deliver quality products. Imagine a company has launched a car with model X, and after 6 months it finds a major issue with the car engine which can be life-critical. Now the company has to recall all the cars that are sold, and the company should provide compensation to the customer, additionally, the company might have to face lawsuits. These things might not have happened if there had been a proper check in place before releasing the car. The same thing applies to software. The quality of the application resides in the quality of the testing and testing framework. If testing itself does not report actual failures, that can incur loss and reputation damage to the organization.</p>



<p>The false negatives are scarier than the false positives. The false negatives leave the feature broken. If you are dealing with health care, defense, or automobile software the false negatives may take a toll on someone&#8217;s life. However, if the tool you choose, and the framework you build are robust and flawless then the organization gets great benefit.&nbsp;</p>



<p>In short, The good or bad quality lies in the automation framework and automation scripts.&nbsp;</p>



<p>Though the impact of false positives is lesser, if it occurs more frequently you end up with unreliable testing. The Team might have to spend a lot of time analyzing without any gain. The good news is that false positives are easy to fix especially with modern testing tools like <a href="https://testsigma.com/signup" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Testsigma</a>. It suggests the fixes for failures, and guidance and provides technical support if you are struggling to fix the critical issue.</p>



<p>Both false positives and false negatives are critical in testing. However when we compare, the false positives are tolerable to some extent, but there is zero tolerance for false negatives.</p>



<h2 id="h-false-positive-and-false-negative-importance-in-test-automation"><span id="False_Positive_and_False_Negative_8211_Importance_in_test_automation"><strong><strong>False Positive and False Negative &#8211; </strong>Importance in test automation</strong></span></h2>



<p>False positives and false negatives are most common in <a href="https://testsigma.com/automated-web-application-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">test automation</a>, however, it is not limited to test automation. If the same occurs in manual testing it will be because of human error.&nbsp;</p>



<p>The automation framework design plays a critical role when dealing with false positives and negatives. As an organization makes huge investments to set up infra for automation, skills, and resources the unreliable results may disappoint the management and it may end with questioning Return on Investment(ROI). Thus, having a robust design to tackle the false positives and false negatives is a must.</p>



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<h2 id="h-how-to-choose-the-right-tool"><span id="How_to_Choose_the_Right_Tool"><strong>How to Choose the Right Tool?</strong></span></h2>



<p>As mentioned earlier, the automation framework plays a very critical role in the success of test automation. The automation framework depends on the underlying tools used. The tool should be capable enough to handle all the edge cases and should be continuously updated as technology changes.</p>



<p>As technology has evolved, many legacy automation tools have disappeared. One of the reasons is they could not align with modern technology change. Importantly their architecture was not flexible.</p>



<p>The right tool for your organization will be based on many factors such as the development framework used, cost, infrastructure, required skillsets, requirement of upskills, nature of the application, application domain, etc. The below pointers are generic and irrespective of the project domain that you need to consider while choosing the right tool.</p>



<ul><li>Don&#8217;t be biased, evaluate all possible automation tools as per the requirement</li><li>The tool should be intelligent enough to choose the best stable locator</li><li>It should provide all critical functionalities natively, as it reduces the third-party library dependency. In turn, this reduces the false positives and false negatives</li><li>It should support the DevOps ecosystem</li><li>It should align with the modern Agile framework</li><li>The reporting should be comprehensive</li><li>Consider no code automation tools if your organization is short of skills or resources.</li></ul>



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<h2 id="h-best-practices-for-reducing-false-positive-and-false-negative"><span id="Best_Practices_for_Reducing_False_Positive_and_False_Negative"><strong>Best Practices for Reducing False Positive and False Negative</strong></span></h2>



<p>The best practices for reducing false positives and false negatives vary from project to project. To reduce them you need to prepare a concrete strategy while designing the test strategy document. Below is the list of the best practices that are independent of the project and application however, list is non-exhaustive.&nbsp;</p>



<ul><li>Build it right, from the beginning. Choose the right tool and build a robust framework.</li><li>Integrate the alerting and monitoring tools wherever possible</li><li>Prepare a code review checklist and make it a mandatory requirement to follow</li><li>Never write a test case based on the assumption</li><li>Use the right testing tool after careful evaluation of your requirements</li><li>Use dedicated environment for testing. Ensure it is as stable as the production environment</li><li>Cover all possible testing scenarios, and use assertion as much as possible in your test scripts.</li><li>Learn from failures, and update the checklists, and strategy documents as and when required.</li></ul>



<p>False positives and false negatives in test automation are common, however, you should always target to minimize them. Especially when it comes to false negatives you should aim for zero. False positives are unavoidable as UI testing relies on browsers and other testing components.&nbsp;</p>



<p>Choosing the right tool can help to reduce false positives. False positives mostly occur due to latency, locator, browser incompatibility, etc. If your test automation tool is smart enough to handle such issues the false positives can be easily reduced. <a href="https://testsigma.com/signup" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Testsigma</a> is one such tool it automatically chooses the best possible locators and your test will be executed on the most stable workspaces remotely. This helps in producing the most accurate, stable, and reliable reports.</p>



<p>On the other hand, false negatives occur if you don’t write the test cases as per the requirement. False negatives require manual analysis and in-depth investigation. Remember even if you have the right toolsets, good infrastructure, and a stable application environment &#8211; if you don’t write test cases properly as per requirement then test automation will become unreliable.</p>



<h2 id="frequently-asked-questions"><span id="Frequently_Asked_Questions"><strong>Frequently Asked Questions</strong></span></h2>



<h3 id="how-to-handle-false-positive-and-negative"><span id="How_to_handle_false_positive_and_negative"><strong>How to handle false positive and negative?</strong></span></h3>



<p>False positives can be handled by implementing the correct design strategies while building the automation framework. If the framework is robust then there will be fewer false positives. False negatives can be reduced with code review, and test case review strategies. Additionally having the right process while developing the test cases can bring you great benefits.</p>


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