Static Testing Techniques, Tools, Types, and Benefits


<p>We&#8217;re excited to announce our latest release, packed with new features to take your testing to the next level. We built these features with testing efficiency in mind for quality engineering teams delivering quality releases at speed.</p>



<p>Let&#8217;s begin!</p>



<ol><li><strong>Powerful new API testing capabilities<br></strong>.Our brand new API testing interface comes with powerful features that support real-time API response validation, testing of different API methods <strong>(GET, PUT, POST, DELETE, PATCH)</strong>, and data-driven API testing. <a href="https://testsigma.com/automated-api-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Learn more</a>.&nbsp;</li></ol>



<ol start="2"><li><strong>Concatenate dynamic test data<br></strong>You can now dynamically generate and use multiple different sets of data and concatenate them with Testsigma&#8217;s test data concatenation feature. It lets you easily concatenate any base strings with dynamic user properties and run the same test for as many iterations as you need. Building dynamic tests saves you time and reduces the risk of errors. <a href="https://testsigma.com/docs/test-data/types/concat/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">See documentation</a>.&nbsp;</li></ol>



<ol start="3"><li><strong>Download and white-label PDF reports<br></strong>Generate detailed reports for management reporting or your own audit and analysis for each build. With this feature, you can export reports to PDF, complete with test cases, test steps, and screenshots. Plus, you can include your firm&#8217;s <a href="https://www.goldenflitch.com/blog/how-much-does-logo-design-cost" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">brand logo</a> to ensure the report follows any copyright and company guidelines. Note: This feature is only available to Enterprise users (<a href="https://testsigma.com/docs/reports/export-reports/export-report-pdf/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">See documentation</a>).</li></ol>



<ol start="4"><li><strong>Nested Step Groups<br></strong>Group the test steps that are generally carried out together, and reuse the group everywhere. For instance, in a data-driven test case, you can iterate over user profiles one by one and perform different actions based on the profile type. By creating nested step groups, you can save time and reduce the risk of errors. <a href="https://website.testsigma.com/docs/test-cases/step-types/nested-groups/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Learn more</a></li></ol>



<ol start="5"><li><strong>Disable Test Cases in a Test Plan<br></strong>Sometimes, you know that certain test cases are bound to fail due to known existing bugs. To avoid wasting time on these failures, you can now disable test cases that you don&#8217;t want to run at the moment. This feature allows you to decouple your results from known failures and gives you more control over your testing. <a href="https://testsigma.com/docs/test-management/test-plans/disable-test-cases-in-test-plans/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Know more</a></li></ol>



<ol start="6"><li><strong>Enhance test data mid-execution with new NLP<br></strong>Our new NLP feature lets you write values to test data profile columns during test case execution. For example, if you&#8217;re iterating over a series of SKUs, you can log the price of each SKU from the UI and write it to the desired column for a test data profile. Later, you can use this test data profile in another test case to verify if the prices in another pin code or city are the same. This feature makes it easy to add data from the app being tested to your test data profile or log status for certain actions. <a href="https://testsigma.com/docs/test-data/add-values-to-test-data-profile/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Know more</a></li></ol>



<p><p style="padding-bottom:15px">With these newly released updates, we&#8217;re continuing to enable teams to set up and scale test automation quickly and without coding skills.&nbsp;<br>If you&#8217;re not already a Testsigma user,</p></p>



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<p><p style="padding-top:15px">If you’d like to see the difference that hassle-free automation can make to your release cycles, <a href="https://testsigma.com/request-demo" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">let us know</a>.</p></p>


April '23 feature spotlight New features to supercharge your testing

April ’23 feature spotlight: New features to supercharge your testing

What is Localization Testing Explained With Best Practices

What is Localization Testing? Explained With Best Practices


<p>Companies that can respond quickly to customer needs have an advantage as the digital landscape rapidly changes. Agile emerged as more relevant for an effective business model in the rapidly evolving technology ecosystem than waterfall, which was proven to be cumbersome and slow. Companies adopted agile transformations&nbsp;</p>



<p>across all organizational functions as soon as they realized the value of being agile.&nbsp;</p>



<p>Two of the most widely used approaches in modern software development are agile and DevOps. While they share some similarities, they are also quite distinct in their approaches and objectives. Agile is an approach that stresses iterative and incremental development, with a focus on delivering customer value through frequent releases of working software. The DevOps methodology, on the other hand, focuses on collaboration, automation, and continuous delivery and deployment.&nbsp;</p>



<p>Let’s revisit the fundamentals of Agile and DevOps.&nbsp;</p>



<p>Agile was introduced in 2001 by a group of software practitioners with the aim to develop software better. An agile alliance was formed setting up a few values and principles:</p>



<p>— Iterative development,&nbsp;</p>



<p>— Customer collaboration, and&nbsp;</p>



<p>— Continuous improvement.&nbsp;</p>



<p>The Agile methodology focuses on breaking down a project into small, manageable pieces called iterations or sprints. Each iteration typically lasts from one to four weeks and involves a cross-functional team of developers, designers, testers, and stakeholders who work together to deliver a potentially shippable product increment at the end of each iteration. The goal is to get feedback from customers as early and as often as possible so that the team can make necessary changes and</p>



<p><p style="padding-bottom:30px">improvements to the product. Agile teams typically work in small, cross-functional teams that are self-organizing and empowered to make decisions. </p></p>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" src="https://testsigma.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/Agile.jpg" alt="Testsigma - DevOps for Agile Teams" class="wp-image-28784" width="600" height="400"/></figure></div>



<p style="padding-bottom:30px;padding-top:30px">DevOps on the other hand is a software development approach that stresses cooperation, communication, and integration between development and operations teams to produce software products and services rapidly and efficiently. The phrase &#8220;DevOps&#8221; is a mix of &#8220;development&#8221; and &#8220;operations.” To speed up the software development process and shorten the time it takes to release new features or upgrades to the market, DevOps promotes the use of automation and continuous delivery techniques. By automating the testing, deployment, and monitoring processes, DevOps teams can detect and resolve issues quickly, enabling for faster releases and more frequent upgrades.</p>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" src="https://testsigma.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/DevOps.jpg" alt="Testsigma - DevOps for Agile Teams" class="wp-image-28787" width="600" height="400"/></figure></div>



<p style="padding-top:30px">While agile places a strong emphasis on short iterations, ongoing feedback, and</p>



<p>frequent early value delivery, it places less attention on how to achieve these goals</p>



<p>operationally and improve efficiency even beyond the production release. DevOps</p>



<p>addresses these issues by placing an emphasis on collaboration, automation, and</p>



<p>application monitoring long after it has been released for use in production. One of</p>



<p>the fundamental tenets of DevOps from its conception has been the use of</p>



<p>automation to increase velocity. It is crucial for enhancing developer &amp; test engineer productivity, streamlining the value chain, setting up infrastructure, ensuring security, testing software, and other processes.</p>



<p><br>The sole focus of TestOps, a subset of DevOps, is test automation operations. For</p>



<p>current methods of software development, TestOps is imperative. An application&#8217;s</p>



<p><p style="padding-bottom:15px">overall test and maintenance benefit greatly from the use of tools like Testsigma. Its versatility makes it a standout automation solution that works well with all build tools.</p></p>



<p> <button class="btn bg-primary cta-btn" style="display: block;
    margin: auto;"><a href="https://testsigma.com/signup" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color:#fff">Streamline your DevOps processes with Testsigma</a></button></p>



<p><p style="padding-bottom:15px">The question then becomes: Should agile teams adopt DevOps? The response is obviously <strong>&#8220;Yes!&#8221;. </strong>Deployment and maintenance will always be behind if operations are kept outside the application development cycle. Organizations eventually suffer the same challenge as a waterfall, which is that it is sluggish and heavy.&nbsp;</p></p>



<p><strong>Here are some of the reasons why organizations still struggle to successfully harness the benefits of DevOps and Agile&nbsp;</strong></p>



<p>1. Agile and DevOps have various cultural foundations and ideals. Whereas DevOps stresses automation and standardization, Agile places a greater emphasis on collaboration and flexibility. It can be tough to reconcile these two cultures, and team members may have different expectations and attitudes to work.</p>



<p>2. Cross-functional teams that operate together seamlessly are necessary for Agile and DevOps. Teams are still often segregated in organizations, and cross functional collaboration may encounter opposition.&nbsp;</p>



<p>3. Continuous delivery and deployment are made possible by DevOps, which mainly relies on automation and tooling. Yet, Agile may not have the same amount of focus on automation and tooling. It can be difficult to integrate DevOps tooling and automation into an Agile process, especially if the current tools and methods are incompatible.&nbsp;</p>



<p>4. The software development process can get very complex when using Agile and DevOps, especially when several teams are involved. Planning ahead, communicating, and working together is essential for managing this complexity.&nbsp;</p>



<p>5. Continuous improvement is emphasized by both Agile and DevOps, however, they could take various approaches to it. DevOps may prioritize monitoring and feedback loops to detect and fix issues rapidly, whereas Agile may focus on retrospectives to find areas for improvement. It might be difficult to strike a balance between the two methods and make sure that both are incorporated into the process.&nbsp;</p>



<p><p style="padding-bottom:30px"><strong>Downsides of not including DevOps in agile teams&nbsp;</strong></p></p>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" width="450" height="236" src="https://testsigma.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/image-61.png" alt="Testsigma - DevOps for Agile Teams" class="wp-image-28429"/></figure></div>



<p><p style="padding-top:30px">1. <strong>Slower delivery</strong>: By automating testing, deployment, and other operations, DevOps practices can speed up the delivery of software. Agile teams may find it difficult to produce software quickly without DevOps, especially if manual processes are necessary.</p></p>



<p>2<strong>. Increased error rates</strong>: Detecting&nbsp;problems early in the development process, DevOps approaches can help lower the error rate of software releases. An Agile team may have increased error rates without DevOps, which could cause delays, rework, and a detrimental effect on client satisfaction.&nbsp;</p>



<p>3.<strong> Siloed teams</strong>: For Agile teams working on challenging projects, DevOps approaches strongly emphasize teamwork and communication. Without DevOps, teams might not coordinate their efforts and communicate effectively, which could result in silos and delays in the development process.&nbsp;</p>



<p>4. <strong>Limited visibility</strong>: By giving teams immediate access to information about the status of software releases, DevOps approaches help them swiftly detect and fix problems. Agile teams might not have as much insight into the state of the development process without DevOps, which could result in delays and missed deadlines.&nbsp;</p>



<p>5. <strong>Increased technical debt</strong>: Continuous integration, delivery, and deployment are essential components of DevOps processes, which can help stop technical debt from building up. Without DevOps, an Agile team would accrue technological debt, which would eventually result in greater expenses and longer development cycles.&nbsp;</p>



<p><strong>Conclusion&nbsp;</strong></p>



<p>Agile and DevOps both aim to speed up and improve the quality of software development; without the other, they are less effective. Companies should place a high priority on feedback, collaboration, and communication to make sure that everyone is working toward the same objectives and that problems are found and fixed right away. </p>



<p>Lack of DevOps in an Agile team can result in technological debt accumulation, siloed teams, higher error rates, and slower delivery. To fully enjoy the advantages of Agile development, DevOps practices must be integrated into Agile teams.</p>


DevOps for Agile Teams: Should Agile teams adopt DevOps?


<p>When a software is in the testing phase, different types of testing techniques and methodologies are followed on different layers. Two such types of testing are functional testing and integration testing. Both play a significant role in ensuring the quality of the product and delivering a top-notch product. In this article, we will discuss functional and integration testing &#8211; when to perform them, the benefits of executing these tests, and then the key differences between them.</p>



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets"><p class="toc_title">Table Of Contents</p><ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#Difference_Between_Functional_and_Integration_Testing_8211_Overview"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">1</span> Difference Between Functional and Integration Testing &#8211; Overview</a></li><li><a href="#Functional_Testing_vs_Integration_Testing_8211_Detailed_Comparison"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">2</span> Functional Testing vs Integration Testing &#8211; Detailed Comparison </a><ul><li><a href="#Purpose"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">2.1</span> Purpose</a></li><li><a href="#Workflow_Comparison"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">2.2</span> Workflow Comparison</a></li><li><a href="#Use_Case_Comparison"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">2.3</span> Use Case Comparison</a></li><li><a href="#Challenges"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">2.4</span> Challenges </a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Functional_Testing_Vs_Integration_Testing_Core_Differences"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">3</span> Functional Testing Vs Integration Testing – Core Differences </a></li><li><a href="#Functional_Testing_and_Integration_Testing_8211_When_to_Automate"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">4</span> Functional Testing and Integration Testing &#8211; When to Automate?</a></li><li><a href="#Wrapping_Up"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">5</span> Wrapping Up</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">6</span> Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li><a href="#Is_functional_testing_manual_or_automation"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">6.1</span> Is functional testing manual or automation? </a></li><li><a href="#Is_integration_testing_the_same_as_UAT"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">6.2</span> Is integration testing the same as UAT? </a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-difference-between-functional-and-integration-testing-overview"><span id="Difference_Between_Functional_and_Integration_Testing_8211_Overview"><strong>Difference Between Functional and Integration Testing &#8211; Overview</strong></span></h2>



<p><strong>Functional testing</strong> helps verify that the software works as expected and meets user’s expectations. It is a type of black-box testing that involves testing various aspects of the application, such as user interfaces, APIs, databases, and other system components, to validate that they are working as expected. It doesn&#8217;t involve looking into the internal working of software functions &#8211; just observing output on the appropriate input.</p>



<p><strong>Read all about <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/functional-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Functional Testing</a></strong></p>



<p><strong>Integration testing</strong> is when two or more components are integrated and tested as a whole. It ensures that smaller components are working correctly together after integration and provides an error-free user interface for the end users. It helps to improve the performance and scalability of the software and increase the overall software quality.</p>



<p><strong>Read all about <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/integration-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Integration Testing</a></strong></p>



<h2 id="functional-testing-vs-integration-testing-purpose"><span id="Functional_Testing_vs_Integration_Testing_8211_Detailed_Comparison"><strong>Functional Testing vs Integration Testing &#8211; Detailed Comparison </strong></span></h2>



<h3 id="functional-testing-vs-integration-testing-purpose"><span id="Purpose"><strong>Purpose</strong></span></h3>



<p id="purpose-of-functional-testing"><strong>Purpose of Functional Testing</strong></p>



<p>Functional testing helps verify that the software meets the functional requirements. It ensures that the software behaves as expected and aligns with the business requirements.&nbsp;</p>



<p>It checks everything like the end-to-end workflows, functionality of the application, APIs, database, client-server communication, security, etc. Every functionality is tested with different inputs, and the test result will be compared with the expected output.</p>



<p id="purpose-of-integration-testing"><strong>Purpose of Integration Testing</strong></p>



<p>Integration testing helps test the interactions between different software modules after they have been individually tested.&nbsp;</p>



<p>The main aim of integration testing is to ensure that the integrated components work together as intended and to identify any issues that might arise due to their interactions. Typically, integration is done after unit testing.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 id="workflow-comparison"><span id="Workflow_Comparison"><strong>Workflow Comparison</strong></span></h3>



<p>Let&#8217;s take a look at the workflow difference between the integration test vs functional test,</p>



<p id="functional-testing-workflow"><strong>Functional Testing Workflow</strong></p>



<ul><li>Understand the software requirements and functional specifications provided by the development team or stakeholders.</li><li>Create test cases that cover different functional aspects of the application and test scenarios.</li><li>Now, create a document for the traceability matrix after designing the test cases.</li><li>Create test data and start executing test cases.</li><li>Once the test is complete, compare the actual result with the expected result to validate if the product works as it is intended to be.</li></ul>



<p id="integration-testing-workflow"><strong>Integration Testing Workflow</strong></p>



<ul><li>Understand the requirements and specifications provided by the developers.</li><li>First, divide the application into smaller modules and understand each module&#8217;s functionality.&nbsp;</li><li>Next, find where you start and finish in each part and create a test plan.&nbsp;</li><li>Choose the best integration testing approach based on the app&#8217;s needs and identify test conditions.</li><li>Then, start to design test cases to perform integration testing and analyze the results.</li></ul>



<h3 id="use-case-comparison"><span id="Use_Case_Comparison"><strong>Use Case Comparison</strong></span></h3>



<p>Functional testing and integration testing are both critical aspects of the software testing process, but they serve different purposes and focus on different aspects of a software application. Let&#8217;s consider different use cases to understand this,</p>



<p id="functional-testing-use-case"><strong>Functional Testing Use Case</strong></p>



<p>Use Case: Consider you are <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/ecommerce-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">testing an e-commerce application</a>&#8216;s shopping cart functionality.</p>



<ul><li><strong>User Scenario:</strong> Add to Cart Functionality</li><li><strong>Test Description:</strong> Test the cart&#8217;s functionality. That is, when a user adds a product to the cart, the cart should be updated with the correct name, price, and quantity of the product.</li><li><strong>Expected Result:</strong> The application should accurately update the cart and show the correct product details.</li></ul>



<p id="integration-testing-use-case"><strong>Integration Testing Use Case</strong></p>



<p>Use Case: Consider an e-commerce website where users can browse products, add them to their cart, and proceed to checkout. The website is made up of several components: a product catalog, a shopping cart, a user authentication system, and a payment gateway.</p>



<ul><li><strong>User Scenario:</strong> Test the interactions between these components to ensure they work as expected.</li><li><strong>Integration Test:</strong> Test the cart module, checkout module, etc. That is, adding multiple products to the cart and verifying the cart&#8217;s accuracy. Next, add a product to the cart, log out, and then log in again to ensure the cart items are retained. Then, add products to the cart, proceed to checkout, and verify that the payment gateway works correctly.</li><li><strong>Expected Outcome:</strong> The user should be able to browse products, add items to the cart, login, proceed to checkout, and complete the payment.</li></ul>



<h3 id="challenges"><span id="Challenges"><strong>Challenges </strong></span></h3>



<p>Let&#8217;s take a look at the challenges between integration testing vs functional testing,</p>



<p id="challenges-of-functional-testing"><strong>Challenges of Functional Testing</strong></p>



<ul><li>Designing comprehensive and effective test cases for all possible functional scenarios can be complex and time-consuming.&nbsp;</li><li>Functional testing can become complex when requirements change frequently, requiring constant updates to test cases and test data.</li><li>Functional changes or bug fixes in one area of the software can unintentionally impact other areas. Ensuring that new functional additions don&#8217;t break existing functionality requires robust regression testing. Get here the Comparison between <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/regression-testing-vs-integration-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Regression Testing vs Integration Testing</a></li><li>Defining clear test requirements for every change is difficult due to the detailed and measurable information they contain.</li><li>Keeping a simple report to decide whether something works or not with functional tests might not work well. This is because reports are divided based on features and defects.</li><li>It takes a long time to fix recurring issues and to set up the test environment.</li><li>Creating test metrics to analyze and improve applications is challenging due to software complexities and varying test requirements.</li></ul>



<p id="challenges-of-integration-testing"><strong>Challenges of Integration Testing</strong></p>



<ul><li>When you replace mock data with real modules, you might find new bugs.</li><li>It is time-consuming and needs good coding skills to create integration tests because programs and data required for testing are mocked. </li><li>It is difficult to understand the logic because the software code is written by multiple teams separately.</li><li>It is difficult to understand the code because it is written by different teams separately.</li><li>Testing integrated parts of the software is complicated because various things like the database, platform, and software environment affect the tests.</li><li>Choosing the right testing approach can become harder when you have multiple options to consider.</li><li>Integration testing gets even more complex when external features, tools, and libraries from different companies with their own dependencies are involved.</li></ul>



<p>Check here &#8211; <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/big-bang-integration-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Big Bang Integration Testing</a></p>



<h2 id="functional-testing-vs-integration-testing-core-differences"><span id="Functional_Testing_Vs_Integration_Testing_Core_Differences"><strong>Functional Testing Vs Integration Testing – Core Differences </strong></span></h2>



<p>The table below depicts the integration test vs functional test core differences,</p>



<figure class="wp-block-table"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Functional Testing</strong></td><td><strong>Integration Testing</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Helps verify that the software is functioning as expected and meets the user&#8217;s requirements</td><td>Helps test how different software modules interact with each other</td></tr><tr><td>Executed by testers</td><td>Executed by testers and developers</td></tr><tr><td>Helps identify issues that might interrupt the application&#8217;s working</td><td>Helps identify issues that might occur while integrating different components</td></tr><tr><td>It is performed before integration testing</td><td>It is performed after unit testing and functional and before system testing</td></tr><tr><td>It is quite complex when compared to integration testing, as the entire application is tested.</td><td>It is less complex as we test the modules.</td></tr><tr><td>It uses the black-box technique.</td><td>It uses the gray box testing technique (both white box and black box testing)</td></tr><tr><td>Tools used &#8211; Testsigma, Selenium, Katalon, Tricentis, etc.</td><td>Tools used &#8211; Testsigma, Selenium, JUnit</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>



<h2 id="h-functional-testing-and-integration-testing-when-to-automate"><span id="Functional_Testing_and_Integration_Testing_8211_When_to_Automate"><strong>Functional Testing and Integration Testing</strong> &#8211; <strong>When to Automate?</strong></span></h2>



<p>You should automate the functional and integration testing if you repeatedly execute the same functional and integration tests, and you see an ROI on automating them. <a href="https://testsigma.com/automated-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Automated testing</a>, when planned and executed well, reduces the total time and effort required to perform testing, thus accelerating the time to market, and also provides an ROI.</p>



<p><a href="https://testsigma.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Testsigma</a> is a powerful test automation tool that lets you automate web, mobile, and desktop applications in the same place. It is an AI-driven platform that lets you create test cases in plain English, which makes the testing 10x faster.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image is-resized"><img loading="lazy" src="https://images.storychief.com/account_36412/image_94755119bdfe2d7dfa2cde9844b93e72_2000.png" alt="Functioanl Testing vs Integration Testing" width="840" height="399"/></figure>



<p>The following are some of the top benefits offered by Testsigma,</p>



<ul><li>It is a no-code test automation tool that lets you author simple and complex tests in simple English</li><li>It is very simple and easy to use</li><li>Also comes with a record and play feature to record user actions and later automate them as test cases on the cloud.</li><li><a href="https://testsigma.com/automated-cross-browser-testing-tool" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Automate cross-browser testing</a> across 3000+ real devices and 1000+ browser/OS combos.</li><li>A no-code test automation tool that does not require coding to write test scripts</li><li>Automate your web, mobile, desktop, and API tests in one place</li><li>Easy test maintenance on the cloud</li><li>No need to download any tools or frameworks</li><li>Supports parallel test execution</li></ul>



<p>Testsigma is also available as an open source and free version.Start automating your functional and integration tests with Testsigma Open Source</p>



<h2 id="h-wrapping-up"><span id="Wrapping_Up"><strong>Wrapping Up</strong></span></h2>



<p>Functional testing and integration testing are closely related to each other, but they are not the same. We hope that this article helped you understand them and their differences better.</p>



<h2 id="h-frequently-asked-questions"><span id="Frequently_Asked_Questions"><strong>Frequently Asked Questions</strong></span></h2>



<h3 id="h-is-functional-testing-manual-or-automation"><span id="Is_functional_testing_manual_or_automation">Is functional testing manual or automation? <strong></strong></span></h3>



<p>Functional testing can be both manual and automated. Manual functional testing involves human testers executing test cases manually to verify the software&#8217;s functionality. On the other hand, <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/automated-functional-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">automated functional testing</a> involves using automation testing tools to execute test cases and compare actual results with expected results. Automated functional testing is typically faster, more efficient, and repeatable than manual testing.</p>



<h3 id="h-is-integration-testing-the-same-as-uat"><span id="Is_integration_testing_the_same_as_UAT">Is integration testing the same as UAT? <strong></strong></span></h3>



<p>No, integration testing is not the same as user acceptance testing (UAT). They both serve different purposes in the <a href="https://aws.amazon.com/what-is/sdlc/#:~:text=The%20software%20development%20lifecycle%20(SDLC,expectations%20during%20production%20and%20beyond." target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">SDLC</a>. Integration testing is focused on verifying the interactions between different modules of the application, while UAT is focused on validating the software from the perspective of end-users.</p>



Integration testing vs End To End Testing
<blockquote class="wp-embedded-content" data-secret="5y8F3KIflv"><a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/integration-testing-vs-end-to-end-testing/">Integration Testing vs End-to-End Testing: The Core Differences</a></blockquote><iframe class="wp-embedded-content" sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);" title="&#8220;Integration Testing vs End-to-End Testing: The Core Differences&#8221; &#8212; Testsigma Blog" src="https://testsigma.com/blog/integration-testing-vs-end-to-end-testing/embed/#?secret=E6ejgODMAo#?secret=5y8F3KIflv" data-secret="5y8F3KIflv" width="500" height="282" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no"></iframe>


Unit Testing vs Integration Testing
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Functional testing tools
https://testsigma.com/tools/functional-testing-tools/


Functional testing vs Non Functional Testing
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Functional Testing Vs Integration Testing - Key Differences

Functional Testing Vs Integration Testing – Key Differences

How Testers can communicate Effectively in Today's Business World

How Testers can communicate Effectively in Today’s Business World

Introductory and Essential Performance Testing Guide to the Beginners

Performance Testing | What it is, Types & How to Perform?


<p>An application undergoes testing way more than it goes through the development and modification phases. First, developers perform <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/unit-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Unit testing</a>. Then after production is complete, QA verifies multiple aspects, including Performance, Functionality, Integration, Regression, UI, and more. Evidently, having a collective of software, test data, test drivers and stubs, and <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/automation-testing-tools/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">testing tools</a> to validate&nbsp;an application under varying conditions will simplify the testing process; this collection is called a Test Harness. Especially, test harness refers to drivers and stubs, which are programs that interact with the application under test (AUT). Often used synonymously with an <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-automation-frameworks/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">automated test framework</a>, a Test harness is a group of all the elements, tools, and data you require to check an application under test (AUT) in different situations. We outline this topic in the blog to help you understand why and how test harnesses are imperative for your business.</p>



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets"><p class="toc_title">Table Of Contents</p><ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_is_Test_Harness"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">1</span> What is Test Harness?</a></li><li><a href="#Why_Use_Test_Harness"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">2</span> Why Use Test Harness?</a></li><li><a href="#Benefits_of_Test_Harness"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">3</span> Benefits of Test Harness</a></li><li><a href="#Key_Features_of_the_Test_Harness"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">4</span> Key Features of the Test Harness</a></li><li><a href="#When_and_Where_to_Use_Test_Harness"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">5</span> When and Where to Use Test Harness?</a><ul><li><a href="#Automation_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">5.1</span> Automation Testing</a></li><li><a href="#Integration_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">5.2</span> Integration Testing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Examples_of_Test_Harnesses"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">6</span> Examples of Test Harnesses</a></li><li><a href="#Test_Harness_vs_Test_Framework"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">7</span> Test Harness vs Test Framework</a></li><li><a href="#Wrapping_it_up"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">8</span> Wrapping it up!</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">9</span> Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)</a><ul><li><a href="#Why_is_it_called_a_test_harness"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">9.1</span> Why is it called a test harness?</a></li><li><a href="#What_is_the_context_where_the_test_harness_is_used"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">9.2</span> What is the context where the test harness is used?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-what-is-test-harness"><span id="What_is_Test_Harness"><strong>What is Test Harness?</strong></span></h2>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter"><img src="https://images.storychief.com/account_36412/test-harness-image-1_061a27db45fc685c1f2ad9aacdcd572b_2000.jpg" alt="Test harness stages"/><figcaption><a href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/what-is-a-test-harness-tools-examples" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">Test harness stages</a></figcaption></figure></div>



<p>As mentioned earlier, a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_harness" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Test harness</a> is a collection of testing tools, test data, software, drivers, and more to facilitate the software test automation process. It consists of all the detailed equipment and elements a test automation process requires. Once the test automation is complete, the behavior and output of the application testing process are monitored. A subsequent report is also generated.</p>



<p>It is an essential part of the <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/software-testing-strategy/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">software testing strategy</a> that assists QAs in testing each application feature in detail. It includes executing automated test cases to generate the output and <a href="https://testsigma.com/reports" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">reporting</a> them to developers. Then, coders can analyze the reports to identify the issues and perform the necessary fixes.</p>



<h2 id="h-why-use-test-harness"><span id="Why_Use_Test_Harness"><strong>Why Use Test Harness?</strong></span></h2>



<p>The primary reason to use a test harness is that they are external to the AUT. And replicate the resources or elements that are still unavailable in the test environment. For instance, if you have an application with different modules that require connection with other systems, a test harness can help you out. If the external system is not yet available during the development phase, you should create a test harness as a replacement to continue with the testing process.</p>



<p>Another reason is that a&nbsp;test harness consists of the test execution engine and the test script repository. The former is the software that performs the test, and the test script repository is the location to store test scripts and cases. This way, you have all the necessary testing requirements in one place, which are all easily accessible.</p>



<h2 id="h-benefits-of-test-harness"><span id="Benefits_of_Test_Harness"><strong>Benefits of Test Harness</strong></span></h2>



<p>There are numerous benefits to using a test harness for the testing process. We list down a few of them here:</p>



<ul><li>It helps automate the testing process to simplify and improve overall productivity.</li><li>It contains all the necessary tools and data to execute test cases and suites in one place.</li><li>Developers receive a detailed report with all the relevant information to pinpoint the issues found during the automated testing process.</li><li>It helps developers to measure the test coverage at the code level with high accuracy.</li><li>Test harness&nbsp;in software testing helps to simulate and handle complex conditions to support testers in efficiently managing such situations.</li><li>It is instrumental in debugging and enhancing software quality.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-key-features-of-the-test-harness"><span id="Key_Features_of_the_Test_Harness"><strong>Key Features of the Test Harness</strong></span></h2>



<p>While the benefits of a test harness will aid you in understanding the necessity of the process, the key features will help you find the exact reason why you should opt for a test harness.</p>



<ul><li>Supports automation of tests</li><li>Monitors and record test results</li><li>Provides flexibility and support for debugging</li><li>It helps developers measure the test coverage</li><li>Execute test suites in the right testing framework</li><li>Manage and input data tests in the AUT</li><li>Supports test case optimization</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-when-and-where-to-use-test-harness"><span id="When_and_Where_to_Use_Test_Harness"><strong>When and Where to Use Test Harness?</strong></span></h2>



<p>There are multiple instances where you can use the test harness. But predominantly, there are two major tests that benefit mainly from using a test harness: Automation and Integration testing. Let&#8217;s discuss them one by one.</p>



<h3 id="h-automation-testing"><span id="Automation_Testing">Automation Testing</span></h3>



<p>In automation testing, test harness functions as a framework that consists of test scripts to run different tests and generate reports with the results of all the executions. Developers can analyze the report to identify the issues, if any, and make improvements.</p>



<p>Often, the right approach to automation testing is when there is a need for running repetitive tests, complex test scenarios, smoke testing, data-driven, and performance testing.</p>



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<p>One instance we can talk about is verifying the data before moving it to the testing tool and receiving proper reporting and analytics for the same. Testsigma data management, along with the feature to get the right report and analytics, allows you to add to your test harness system and improve the testing ability multifold.</p>



<h3 id="h-integration-testing"><span id="Integration_Testing">Integration Testing</span></h3>



<p>We know that Integration testing is validating the connection between two sub-systems of an application to check if they are logically working as per the requirement. And In Integration testing, many developers rely on stubs and drivers to complete the system for testing. Stubs/drivers take the place of the missing module to enable testers to continue the testing process. Without them, they would have to wait for developers to finish working on all the modules, integrate them, and then start the testing process. In case you have to combine the homepage with the login page and add a payment gateway, integration testing comes into the picture here.</p>



<p>First, you must logically connect all these separate elements and test the flow of data between them. Perform unit testing on the login page and check if it integrates logically with the payment feature. But if any of these two pages are missing, a part of the test harness can act as a stub or a driver to replace the modules and continue the testing.</p>



<p>Here, the test harness includes all the documents and tools for planning, designing, developing, and using stubs and drivers to perform Integration testing.</p>



<h2 id="h-examples-of-test-harnesses"><span id="Examples_of_Test_Harnesses"><strong>Examples of Test Harnesses</strong></span></h2>



<p>Let’s take some examples of test harnesses. </p>



<p>1. Consider an e-commerce application that offers users décor items. The website&nbsp;consists of several modules: homepage, product pages, cart, Wishlist, and payment gateway, to name a few. You need to test every feature of the site and ensure that no issues slip away. However, it is difficult to perform the entire testing process in one single shot. With Testsigma, you can run the test cases across 3000+ real devices and browsers. Your testers do not need to spend much time writing test cases and maintaining input data. Testsigma allows you no-code testing with test data management options. And you receive reports and analytics documents to share with all your stakeholders. You can also integrate our test automation tool with&nbsp;multiple bug-tracking tools, CI/CD software, and collaboration platforms. And all of these different aspects would come under test harness for this particular testing.</p>



<p>2. Another example is in terms of integration testing, which undertakes two or more elements to make a functioning system. We can take the example of a login page (of the above e-commerce website) that takes the user to a dashboard with their purchase history, settings, notifications, saved addresses, and more. First, you would need to establish a logical connection between all these modules and check how they are linked. Then, you must execute integration tests on all the features. The test harness, in this case, will include all the systems, requirement documents, test scripts, automation tools, and stubs/drivers corresponding to any missing modules.</p>



<p>3. Suppose you are doing Functional testing using Testsigma tool to organize, manage, execute, and monitor the scripts along with handling the test data. For this, the test harness would be Testsigma, test data, test cases, test scripts and their storage location, test results, and elements that compare and monitor test results. And you can handle all these attributes using Testsigma tool easily. </p>



<p>4. For Unit testing, developers execute the testing process on the code or module they worked on. The test harness for Unit testing would include the test code developers create, the tool they use to run the script, and the output they receive.</p>



<h2 id="h-test-harness-vs-test-framework"><span id="Test_Harness_vs_Test_Framework"><strong>Test Harness vs Test Framework</strong></span></h2>


<p style="padding-bottom:30px">While test harness and test framework are usually thought to be similar, they have small, visible differences. Here are some of the clear differences between a test harness and a test framework.</p>


<figure class="wp-block-table"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Test Harness</strong></td><td><strong>Test Framework</strong></td></tr><tr><td>It is a collection of drivers and stubs that are a requirement in software testing</td><td>It is a set of procedures, processes, and test environments in the automation testing setting</td></tr><tr><td>Record &amp; Playback testing option is not available</td><td>Record &amp; Playback testing option is available</td></tr><tr><td>Covers all the relevant information for compiling, testing, and software deployment</td><td>It consists of information like test libraries, scripts, tools, test environment, and so on</td></tr><tr><td>Comes in two categories: automation and integration testing</td><td>Comes in multiple testing categories: data-driven, code-based, keyword-driven, hybrid, and more</td></tr><tr><td>It is specific to the testing</td><td>It is a generic process</td></tr><tr><td>Contains a collection of dummy programs to maintain a relation with application under test</td><td>Contains a collection of dummy programs to maintain a relation with application under test&nbsp;<br>Consists of logical concepts, environments, and so to design and run the tests&nbsp;</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>



<br><h2 id="h-wrapping-it-up"><span id="Wrapping_it_up">Wrapping it up!</span></h2>



<p>Testing an application requires data, test scripts, test environments, output recording and analysis, and integrations. And no matter how much you try, you cannot check all the aspects of your software in one shot. Having a test harness helps you to keep a collection of all the necessary features, tools, data, and more to make your testing process smooth and easy to conduct. All you have to do is gather the required materials and use them whenever the situation calls for it.</p>



<p>Your best bet to use a test harness for your software testing purpose is to use tools that support the process. Testsigma is a test automation tool that consists of several features ranging from test data management and <a href="https://testsigma.com/automated-data-driven-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">data-driven testing</a> to <a href="https://testsigma.com/regression-testing/automated-regression-testing-tool" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">regression testing</a> and report and analytics, which are all the essential parts of a test harness. Check out the tool demo <a href="https://testsigma.com/request-demo" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">here</a> and sign up for a <a href="https://testsigma.com/signup" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">free trial</a> to see our tool in action. </p>



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<br><h2 id="h-frequently-asked-questions-faqs"><span id="Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs">Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)</span></h2>



<h3 id="h-why-is-it-called-a-test-harness"><span id="Why_is_it_called_a_test_harness">Why is it called a test harness?</span></h3>



<p>Harness refers to a tool or equipment to control something. Test harness derives the meaning from the same idea. It means having a collection of tools or equipment in one place to perform the testing process.</p>



<h3 id="h-what-is-the-context-where-the-test-harness-is-used"><span id="What_is_the_context_where_the_test_harness_is_used">What is the context where the test harness is used?</span></h3>



<p>A test harness is used in two places for software testing: Automation testing and Integration testing. In automation testing, it is used for running test scripts and storing test data. In integration testing, the test harness uses stubs and drivers to replace missing modules.</p>


Test Harness in Software Testing Usage, Examples, and Benefits

Test Harness in Software Testing | Usage, Examples, & Benefits


<p>An application is a collection of several components functioning together to meet user requirements. APIs, servers, web services, databases, and more are intertwined under one roof to build software that does what you want it to do. For instance, your favorite e-commerce store has UI elements, cart and Wishlist functionality, secure payment option, rewards, login, and many more systems running together to improve your shopping experience. These separate modules communicate through an interface. And for flawless interaction, Interface testing is critical because any type of error in the interface can lead to&nbsp;system issues.</p>



<p>Understandably, Interface testing is an essential part of your test planning that must not be skipped. And because it requires a clear knowledge of different components and the need to review data transfer between them, you would also need an elaborate guide on how to perform Interface Testing.</p>



<p>We bring that one guide to you.</p>



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets"><p class="toc_title">Table Of Contents</p><ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_is_Interface_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">1</span> What is Interface Testing?</a></li><li><a href="#Advantages_of_Interface_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">2</span> Advantages of Interface Testing</a></li><li><a href="#How_to_Perform_Interface_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">3</span> How to Perform Interface Testing?</a></li><li><a href="#Types_of_Interface_Testing_with_Examples"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">4</span> Types of Interface Testing with Examples</a><ul><li><a href="#Workflow_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">4.1</span> Workflow Testing</a></li><li><a href="#Security_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">4.2</span> Security Testing</a></li><li><a href="#Functional_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">4.3</span> Functional Testing</a></li><li><a href="#Load_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">4.4</span> Load Testing</a></li><li><a href="#Error-detection"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">4.5</span> Error-detection</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Interface_Testing_Best_Practices"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">5</span> Interface Testing Best Practices</a><ul><li><a href="#Understand_and_Define_Your_Requirements"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">5.1</span> Understand and Define Your Requirements</a></li><li><a href="#Write_Relevant_Test_Cases"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">5.2</span> Write Relevant Test Cases</a></li><li><a href="#Build_a_Test_Data_Set"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">5.3</span> Build a Test Data Set</a></li><li><a href="#Check_on_Different_Platforms"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">5.4</span> Check on Different Platforms</a></li><li><a href="#Document_Clearly"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">5.5</span> Document Clearly</a></li><li><a href="#Use_a_Testing_Framework_for_the_Automation_of_Interface_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">5.6</span> Use a Testing Framework for the Automation of Interface Testing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Tools_for_Automating_Interface_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">6</span> Tools for Automating Interface Testing</a><ul><li><a href="#Testsigma"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">6.1</span> Testsigma</a></li><li><a href="#Postman"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">6.2</span> Postman</a></li><li><a href="#SoapUI"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">6.3</span> SoapUI</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Conclusion"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">7</span> Conclusion</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">8</span> Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)</a><ul><li><a href="#What_is_the_difference_between_interface_testing_and_integration_testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">8.1</span> What is the difference between interface testing and integration testing?</a></li><li><a href="#What_is_an_interface_in_API_testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">8.2</span> What is an interface in API testing?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="what-is-interface-testing"><span id="What_is_Interface_Testing"><strong>What is Interface Testing?</strong></span></h2>



<p>Interface testing is a type of software testing that verifies the interaction between two separate systems of an application. It is a medium that helps components communicate with each other. Usually, it can be in the form of API, UI, servers, graphics, and more. It uses specific commands, messages, and data transfer techniques to act as a connection between the user and the application.</p>



<p>Keep in mind that Interface testing does not validate the functioning of a single component. It only checks if two interfacing systems communicate properly for the software to work as per requirements. If any conflict or issue arises during the testing phase, it is dealt with by the developers.</p>



<h2 id="h-advantages-of-interface-testing"><span id="Advantages_of_Interface_Testing"><strong>Advantages of Interface Testing</strong></span></h2>



<p>There are a few advantages of Interface testing:</p>



<ul><li>An easy-to-understand and use UI decreases the learning for the users to use the application</li><li>Interface testing increases the application’s demand in the market due to it having a stable design and un-complex GUI</li><li>It helps get a grip on what users expect from the application and modify the interface according to that knowledge</li><li>Interface testing improves overall customer satisfaction and makes for an effective application with the potential to gather more users.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-how-to-perform-interface-testing"><span id="How_to_Perform_Interface_Testing"><strong>How to Perform Interface Testing?</strong></span></h2>



<p>Primarily, Interface testing is for two systems of an application that have connections with each other to ensure the proper functioning of the application. It consists of two major sections:</p>



<ul><li>The interface between the web server and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_server" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">application server</a></li><li>The interface between the application server and the database server</li></ul>



<p>It is necessary to check for the interfaces mentioned above to :</p>



<ul><li>That these servers are running properly</li><li>The servers have the right error handling capability, along with the option to return an error message for queries made by the application</li><li>If outcome is proper if/when the connection gets severed due to any problem</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-types-of-interface-testing-with-examples"><span id="Types_of_Interface_Testing_with_Examples"><strong>Types of Interface Testing with Examples</strong></span></h2>



<p>We know that Interface testing checks for connections between two systems in a software. And you can do that by performing various types of Interface testing that we have discussed below:</p>



<h3 id="h-workflow-testing"><span id="Workflow_Testing">Workflow Testing</span></h3>



<p>As per the name, Workflow testing checks for the end-to-end working of the application to validate proper data transfer. The goal is to ensure that the system functions as per the user expectations. Its purpose is to verify if the software workflow is as per the business process, which includes executing a series of steps to see if information/data workflow is proper.</p>



<p>An example of Workflow testing is verifying the transition from signing up and then logging into the application with a valid ID. This process validates the flow between two pages and functionalities using the right data. Even negative data sets test if the workflow rejects the wrong information in such a case.</p>



<h3 id="h-security-testing"><span id="Security_Testing">Security Testing</span></h3>



<p>This type of testing is to understand the security lapses in software to identify possible vulnerabilities that hackers can exploit. It is critical to check the safety of the data/information flow from one system to another. For instance, a loophole on the signup page can compromise the confidential data of every user of the application.</p>



<p>Here, testing of the interface is done through processes such as Penetration testing and access-control testing. An example would be to check only a user that has access is able to login. Any other attempts with invalid data should not be allowed. Here, testers also try to test the robustness of the system against possible hacking attempts.</p>



<h3 id="h-functional-testing"><span id="Functional_Testing">Functional Testing</span></h3>



<p>This testing approach undertakes to verify all the functional aspects of an application. In simple words, functional testing takes care of every small part of the application which has a certain function. Like ‘Forgot Password,’ drop-down menus, images/vidoes, signup/sign-in, search, and much more come under functional testing. It checks for error-free data transfer between different modules. Most often than not, functional testing comes under the black box testing technique, as testers do not access the source code.</p>



<p>An example of functional testing is checking for a return order window and seeing if it works for users as intended for an e-commerce app. Other examples would include verifying the drop-down menus, website clicks, right link placements, and search showing the right results.</p>



<h3 id="h-load-testing"><span id="Load_Testing">Load Testing</span></h3>



<p>This testing type validates how much load/traffic an application can withstand before it crashes down due to heavy influx. The idea is to determine the threshold of the software as in, how many users maximum, can access it at one time, without it breaking. </p>



<p>One example of load testing is checking the application’s ability to handle heavy traffic by hitting the server multiple times.</p>



<h3 id="h-error-detection"><span id="Error-detection">Error-detection</span></h3>



<p>Often, code defects are the reason behind any runtime error. Various tools such as debuggers and profilers are useful to detect runtime errors.</p>



<p>An example of runtime error detection is looking for any possible issues while logging into an application. Another example would be to check if there are any broken elements or click issues on the screen after you open an app on your phone.</p>



<h2 id="h-interface-testing-best-practices"><span id="Interface_Testing_Best_Practices"><strong>Interface Testing Best Practices</strong></span></h2>



<p>You can perform Interface testing in two ways: Bottom-up and Top-down approach. For a better understanding of what these options are and how they function, you can read our <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/difference-between-top-down-and-bottom-up-integration-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">blog</a>.</p>



<p>But despite your choice of one of these two approaches, there are a few best practices that you must follow as a tester to ensure that the application interface is working as per expectations.</p>



<h3 id="h-understand-and-define-your-requirements"><span id="Understand_and_Define_Your_Requirements">Understand and Define Your Requirements</span></h3>



<p>Before you start any project, it is advisable to accurately understand the requirements and document them to avoid missing out on critical points. Similarly, before conducting Interface testing, testers should lay out the testing requirements to build test cases on the same &#8211; positive and negative.</p>



<h3 id="h-write-relevant-test-cases"><span id="Write_Relevant_Test_Cases">Write Relevant Test Cases</span></h3>



<p>Running test cases manually is a laborious task. It is time-consuming and asks for more than just a keen eye. It requires patience, the right knowledge about the application, and sufficient resources to manually perform all the testing activities. That is why creating test cases that are relevant to your software will ensure that you don’t waste time executing something that does not apply to you.</p>



<h3 id="h-build-a-test-data-set"><span id="Build_a_Test_Data_Set">Build a Test Data Set</span></h3>



<p>Before you design and execute the test cases, create a set of test data that will fuel your testing efforts. And make sure to add all the information for the data to mimic real-life scenarios, so you can check if your application is user-ready or not.</p>



<h3 id="h-check-on-different-platforms"><span id="Check_on_Different_Platforms">Check on Different Platforms</span></h3>



<p>Different devices have differing resolutions, user-friendliness, and size; it only makes sense to run Interface testing on multiple platforms to validate the overall intuitiveness of your software for easy usage.</p>



<h3 id="h-document-clearly"><span id="Document_Clearly">Document Clearly</span></h3>



<p>Do not skip or forget the documentation part. Record every test run and result so you can use it later to troubleshoot any bugs.</p>



<h3 id="h-use-a-testing-framework-for-the-automation-of-interface-testing"><span id="Use_a_Testing_Framework_for_the_Automation_of_Interface_Testing">Use a Testing Framework for the Automation of Interface Testing</span></h3>



<p>Running Interface testing on several devices with different test data sets can be time-consuming. The process can become redundant, and as more features get added, the test execution will require more resources too. With the use of a test framework, testers can automate these interface tests. Automating these tests helps save time and effort that can be used in other testing activities.</p>



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<h2 id="h-tools-for-automating-interface-testing"><span id="Tools_for_Automating_Interface_Testing"><strong>Tools for Automating Interface Testing</strong></span></h2>



<p>Here are three of the most popular and easy-to-use test automation tools for interface tests:</p>



<h3 id="h-testsigma"><span id="Testsigma"><a href="https://testsigma.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Testsigma</a></span></h3>



<p>The AI-powered, no-code, open-source test automation platform, Testsigma, is the perfect tool for running your easy and complex test cases whenever and wherever. Deploy it locally or on your cloud, use plain English to write your test cases, debug and view test reports easily, and empower your test scripts to automatically fix using Testsigma’s AI. Testsigma lets you automate your tests for UI (web, mobile and Desktop) as well as APIs.</p>



<p>Start automating your interface tests for GUI and API, in minutes, with Testsigma</p>



<h3 id="h-postman"><span id="Postman">Postman</span></h3>



<p>Although Postman is an <a href="https://testsigma.com/api-testing-tools" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">API testing tool</a>, it still is accessible to run functionality, performance, security, and integrity testing using API requests. All of these are the type of testing that comes under the interface of an application.</p>



<p>Using API calls, you can check the performance of the software based on its time to receive data from the server. For security, testers can use HTTPS through API requests. Even functional and integrity testing are possible. You can check the former by verifying server uptime, page tags and structure, and page headers. Integrity testing checks if the flow of data to and from your page is from verified sources. You can do it by verifying the validity of your webpage links. You can read more about it&nbsp;<a href="https://medium.com/better-practices/ui-testing-with-postman-df713eb9788c" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">here</a>.</p>



<h3 id="h-soapui"><span id="SoapUI">SoapUI</span></h3>



<p>Another API testing tool that supports entire functional testing as well as SoapUI. It supports Data-driven testing where you can pass the data in CSV or Excel format. As per your requirement, you can easily execute security and load testing as well, similar to what we mentioned for Postman. Overall, Interface testing is possible with SoapUI as it contains almost all types of website interfaces to run the test cases.</p>



<p>You can explore many other UI testing tools that will automate your Interface testing journey to ensure your application is user-friendly and easy to use.</p>



<h2 id="h-conclusion"><span id="Conclusion"><strong>Conclusion</strong></span></h2>



<p>No application is ready for users and market release if the interface check is still pending. Before customers understand the background of your software, they look at its interface and learn the functionality. And if the basics are not working properly, your application is doomed to a failed announcement.</p>



<p>But the solution comes in the form of Interface testing that consists of many different testing types to ensure that your complete application is working as per expectations. We list down why you must go for testing the interface (in the form of advantages) and tools that you can use for your business/project. And if you want a few examples, they are also present for you to understand the concept better.</p>



<h2 id="h-frequently-asked-questions-faqs"><span id="Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs"><strong>Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)</strong></span></h2>



<h3 id="h-what-is-the-difference-between-interface-testing-and-integration-testing"><span id="What_is_the_difference_between_interface_testing_and_integration_testing">What is the difference between interface testing and integration testing?</span></h3>



<p>Interface testing pertains to checking the communication between two sub-systems or components. For instance, UI is the interface between users and the application. And API is the interface between the backend and the application. <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/integration-testing-types/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Integration testing</a> checks how two or more modules of the application integrate and transfer data among themselves.</p>



<h3 id="h-what-is-an-interface-in-api-testing"><span id="What_is_an_interface_in_API_testing">What is an interface in API testing?</span></h3>



<p>API is an application programming interface; it is an interface for communication between the application and the backend.</p>


What is Interface Testing with Types, Examples, and Tools

Non Functional Testing - A Detailed Overview

What is Non Functional Testing? Types and Examples


<p>Many years have passed since the first testing methodology made its way into SDLC processes. At the time, the software testing activities were simple and straightforward: validating the application against user requirements after the development stage was over. </p>



<p>The times moved ahead, and the procedures evolved. Today, several testing types exist under the umbrella term of ‘software testing.’ Two of them are scripted testing and exploratory testing. They both have their own specifications, benefits and use cases that decide where you can use which approach. </p>



<p>“Scripted Testing” is the primary topic of our blog. And our aim here is to help you understand the nuances of scripted testing and its differences from <a href="https://www.atlassian.com/continuous-delivery/software-testing/exploratory-testing#:~:text=Exploratory%20testing%20is%20an%20approach,the%20scope%20of%20other%20tests." target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">exploratory testing</a>.</p>



<p>We will discuss the definition, benefits, and use cases of scripted testing. Alongside this, we will also highlight some of the major differences between the two testing types.</p>



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets"><p class="toc_title">Table Of Contents</p><ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_is_Scripted_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">1</span> What is Scripted Testing?</a></li><li><a href="#Scripted_Testing_to_Automated_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">2</span> Scripted Testing to Automated Testing</a></li><li><a href="#When_to_Use_Scripted_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">3</span> When to Use Scripted Testing?</a></li><li><a href="#Exploratory_Testing_vs_Scripted_Testing_vs_Automated_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">4</span> Exploratory Testing vs Scripted Testing vs Automated Testing</a></li><li><a href="#Takeaway"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">5</span> Takeaway</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">6</span> Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)</a><ul><li><a href="#What_is_manual_scripted_testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">6.1</span> What is manual scripted testing?</a></li><li><a href="#What_is_an_example_of_scripted_testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">6.2</span> What is an example of scripted testing?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-what-is-scripted-testing"><span id="What_is_Scripted_Testing">What is Scripted Testing?</span></h2>



<p>In software testing, scripted testing is an approach where the testing team follows a step-by-step procedure to check the application under test (AUT). The idea is to ensure that all necessary tests undergo execution during the testing phase. Therefore, the testers stick to a script that consists of all the necessary instructions to conduct the testing process.</p>



<p>Prior to starting the software test execution phase, the testing team needs to understand the user requirements, define the test cases, and follow the testing instructions and steps; basically, keep all the documents ready for testing purposes. While QAs can deviate from the script, it is usually nominal, not negatively affecting the testing potential.</p>



<p id="h-advantages"><strong>Advantages </strong></p>



<p>Scripted testing offers multiple advantages other than maintaining all your test cases and instructions at one central location:</p>



<ul><li>Test cases are designed as per requirements, which helps in creating test cases covering functional and non-functional aspects of the applications &#8211; according to the requirements</li><li>Test case tracking is easy as it follows user requirement documents</li><li>It is easy to access the scripts of other team members as well</li><li>Scripted testing is beneficial in understanding complex test scenarios where prior planning is necessary</li><li>It is helpful in identifying and removing redundant test cases, which further supports the move to <a href="https://testsigma.com/automated-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">automated testing</a></li><li>It helps in determining usability and GUI issues with accuracy</li><li>Scripted testing assists testers in gaining proper knowledge about testing the application, even if they lack domain understanding.</li><li>It is easy to automate and follow through to record and understand the results</li></ul>



<p id="h-disadvantages"><strong>Disadvantages </strong></p>



<p>There are some disadvantages to scripted testing that you should know about:</p>



<ul><li>It is possible to miss and overlook critical bugs as testers will only follow the test cases document as the reference</li><li>Designing and planning the test cases are a time-consuming process</li><li>It is not a suitable approach for a situation that calls for a quick and rapid response</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-scripted-testing-to-automated-testing"><span id="Scripted_Testing_to_Automated_Testing">Scripted Testing to Automated Testing</span></h2>



<p>When these scripted test cases are executed repeatedly, automating them makes sense. Automated testing executes test scripts without the need for human supervision and saves time and efforts. </p>



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<p>When you decide to automate your scripted tests, it is advised to choose the tool that is right for your requirements. Here is a blog that will help you choose the right tool for test automation. Testsigma is a tool that would be right for you if you are looking for: </p>



<p>1. A tool that lets you start your test automation in minutes. </p>



<p>2. Does not need you to be an expert at coding. </p>



<p>3. Lets you automate for web, mobile, APIs and desktop from the same place. </p>



<p>For more features of Testsigma, check <a href="https://testsigma.com">here</a>. </p>



<br><h2 id="h-when-to-use-scripted-testing"><span id="When_to_Use_Scripted_Testing">When to Use Scripted Testing?</span></h2>



<p>As scripted testing is a group of all things necessary in software testing, there are a few scenarios you should know about to implement this process. For instance, scripted testing is the best approach when working on complex and high-risk applications. Some examples of where scripted testing should be your approach are where time and precision coincide. Applications referring to finances, healthcare, and defense must follow this approach so they do not miss out on any test steps and increase the test coverage to ensure minimal life-threatening bugs.</p>



<p>Here are some of the instances where you would need to use scripted testing:</p>



<ul><li>When there are too many test steps, and you cannot risk skipping/missing any, you need to document the test cases.</li><li>When testers need to run redundant test cases and keep the test document handy</li><li>Instances where high test coverage is necessary with better testing skills because high-level scripts provide testers with a set of actions to cover all these testing requirements</li><li>It is well-suited for a testing approach where proper documentation is required so testers can easily follow through with all the testing requirements</li><li>Scripted testing is the right initial approach for precision-sensitive apps and heavy tools for running test cases and moving toward automation with the intent to eliminate the instances of missed test steps</li><li>This is the right approach when you are automating the test cases to avoid missing out on any steps to check the application functionality</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-exploratory-testing-vs-scripted-testing-vs-automated-testing"><span id="Exploratory_Testing_vs_Scripted_Testing_vs_Automated_Testing">Exploratory Testing vs Scripted Testing vs Automated Testing</span></h2><br>



<figure class="wp-block-table"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Scripted Testing</strong>&nbsp;</td><td><strong>Exploratory Testing</strong>&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Suitable to execute when all requirements and documents are available&nbsp;</td><td>You can run this testing even when requirements and documents are unavailable&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Comparatively, more preparation is needed&nbsp; because it can only be done after proper documentation&nbsp;</td><td>Not much preparation is required&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Testers can even do it without complete domain knowledge&nbsp;</td><td>Testers require the right domain knowledge&nbsp;&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>New testers can easily perform scripted testing</td><td>Exploratory testing is better done by testers with some experience</td></tr><tr><td>Tests can be traced back to the original document to understand and analyze the test coverage&nbsp;</td><td>Without documents, it is difficult to track the tests back to the original requirement documents to understand the test coverage&nbsp;<br></td></tr><tr><td>Emphasis on adaptability and learning&nbsp;</td><td>Emphasis is on prediction and decision-making&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Independent of skills of testers&nbsp;</td><td>Dependent on the skills of testers&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Feedback is slow&nbsp;</td><td>Feedback is faster&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>It is easier to manage the test coverage&nbsp;</td><td>It is difficult to manage the test coverage&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Can be automated&nbsp;</td><td>It cannot be automated&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Scripted testing workflow &#8211;<br><br><strong>Steps are:<br></strong>1. Go through requirements/use cases<br>2. Prepare the test scripts<br>3. Run the test scripts and see if it matches the acceptance criteria</td><td>Exploratory testing workflow &#8211;<br><br><strong>Steps are:<br></strong>1.Testers explore the application<br>2. Derive and Execute the test cases per their experience and intuition</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>



<p><p style="padding-top:30px">When compared to automated testing &#8211; scripted testing is easier to automate as the specifications and requirements are clearly outlined, while exploratory is usually unplanned and is not automated.</p></p>



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<h2 id="h-takeaway"><span id="Takeaway">Takeaway</span></h2>



<p>Scripted testing is straightforward and easy to follow as it depends on documentation and user requirements. Testers follow this type of testing approach as it helps them follow the right sequence of test cases and record the results for a better analysis. Scripted testing differs from the <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/exploratory-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">exploratory testing</a> that QAs use when they have deep technical and domain knowledge about AUT.</p>



<p>We highlighted all the relevant points in this blog about both testing approaches &#8211; advantages, disadvantages, and differences between them. Testsigma is a no-code testing automation that supports almost every testing effort, including test data management, results recording. test scripts in plain English, and proper documentation. </p>



<p><p style="padding-bottom:30px">For more details, check out the <a href="https://testsigma.com/request-demo" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">demo</a> and see our tool in action for yourself. </p></p>



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<br><h2 id="h-frequently-asked-questions-faqs"><span id="Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs">Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)</span></h2>



<h3 id="h-what-is-manual-scripted-testing"><span id="What_is_manual_scripted_testing">What is manual scripted testing?</span></h3>



<p>Manual scripted testing involves humans understanding the application, writing test scripts, and then executing them. It involves no automation. Testers carry out the entire process themselves and note down the results for developers and stakeholders to analyze.</p>



<h3 id="h-what-is-an-example-of-scripted-testing"><span id="What_is_an_example_of_scripted_testing">What is an example of scripted testing?</span></h3>



<p>An example of scripted testing is a project that uses traditional software development methodologies that consists of detailed documentation along with proper test scripts. If you develop any application using the waterfall model, it is likely to come under a scripted testing approach.</p>


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