What is a Hotfix Benefits , Challenges; How to Test

What is a Hotfix? | Benefits , Challenges & How to Test?

Behavior Driven Testing: What It Is, How to Do It & Best Tools

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<p>Every online website has multiple digital assets. The main menu, search bar, images, and breadcrumbs make up a few of the fundamental components of the website design. They add to the overall design and operations of the site. One such component is pagination. Predominantly used by e-commerce sites, blogs, catalogs, and data tables, pagination comes into action when there is a large amount of digital content to deal with. Alongside this comes pagination test cases to qualify the component as bug-free and in proper working condition.</p>



<p>We show you how.</p>



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets"><p class="toc_title">Table Of Contents</p><ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_is_Pagination"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">1</span> What is Pagination?</a></li><li><a href="#Why_Perform_Pagination_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">2</span> Why Perform Pagination Testing?</a></li><li><a href="#Test_Cases_for_Pagination"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">3</span> Test Cases for Pagination</a><ul><li><a href="#Positive_Test_Cases_for_Pagination"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">3.1</span> Positive Test Cases for Pagination</a></li><li><a href="#Negative_Test_Cases_for_Pagination"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">3.2</span> Negative Test Cases for Pagination</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Pagination_Testing_Best_Practices"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">4</span> Pagination Testing Best Practices</a></li><li><a href="#How_to_Automate_Test_Cases_for_Pagination"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">5</span> How to Automate Test Cases for Pagination?</a></li><li><a href="#Conclusion"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">6</span> Conclusion</a></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-what-is-pagination"><span id="What_is_Pagination"><strong>What is Pagination?</strong></span></h2>



<p>Pagination is a design pattern for online websites that comes into play when there is a need to organize large amounts of data in a specific order. It divides and displays the content into separate pages, which plays a critical role in simplifying navigation and access to the information.&nbsp;</p>



<p>The goal of pagination is to offer a clear pathway for users to discover crucial content on the website to prevent them from going off-track. On the plus side, pagination improves customer satisfaction and retention.</p>



<p>An example of pagination is Testsigma blogs, which provide readers with quick access to all the posts in an organized manner.</p>



<p>To test the pages on the website, you can either do manual testing or automated testing using tools such as Testsigma.</p>



<h2 id="h-why-perform-pagination-testing"><span id="Why_Perform_Pagination_Testing"><strong>Why Perform Pagination Testing?</strong></span></h2>



<p>For the same reason, you execute any other testing: to ensure that a basic yet fundamental section of your website is behaving as intended. Issues in the pagination functionality can lead to the loss of potential customers for e-commerce sites and a decline in interested readers for blog sites. Subsequently, providing easy and quick entrance to any part of your website (through pagination) is only going to enhance the customer satisfaction quotient for the business.</p>



<h2 id="h-test-cases-for-pagination"><span id="Test_Cases_for_Pagination"><strong>Test Cases for Pagination</strong></span></h2>



<p>Similar to every other element and functionality, pagination also has a list of<a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/what-is-test-case/"> test cases</a> for testers to run. It encompasses both positive and negative test cases with the same goal to validate the authenticity and quality of the component. Let’s look at some of the essential pagination test cases for e-commerce, blog, and data-based websites:</p>



<h3 id="h-positive-test-cases-for-pagination"><span id="Positive_Test_Cases_for_Pagination"><strong>Positive Test Cases for Pagination</strong></span></h3>



<ul><li>Verify that the pagination controls (Next, Previous, Page Numbers) are present and functional.</li><li>Ensure that the specified number of items per page is displayed consistently.</li><li>Confirm that clicking on the Next and Previous buttons correctly navigates to the next and previous pages.</li><li>Test selecting a specific page number and confirm that the correct page is displayed.</li><li>Verify that navigation to the first and last pages works as expected.</li><li>Test the pagination behavior when there is a large dataset to ensure it handles a maximum page limit properly.</li><li>Check that pagination adjusts appropriately on different screen sizes, ensuring a positive user experience.</li><li>Validate the UI aspects of pagination, i.e., font size, font style, display, and clickability, as expected.</li></ul>



<h3 id="h-negative-test-cases-for-pagination"><span id="Negative_Test_Cases_for_Pagination"><strong>Negative Test Cases for Pagination</strong></span></h3>



<ul><li>Test pagination behavior when there are no items to display, ensuring it provides appropriate feedback.</li><li>Check if an attempt to go to a page that does not exist shows a 404 error page or an appropriate error message.</li><li>Check the response when attempting to navigate to a page with a negative page number.</li><li>Test scenarios where the specified items per page exceed the total number of items, ensuring it handles such cases appropriately.</li><li>Verify that pagination controls are not displayed when the dataset is within a single page.</li><li>Check the system&#8217;s behavior when data is removed during pagination to ensure consistency and accuracy.</li></ul>



<p>We also have a comprehensive blog on<a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-cases-for-search-functionality/"> test cases for search functionality</a> that users rely on to find specific website information.</p>



<h2 id="h-pagination-testing-best-practices"><span id="Pagination_Testing_Best_Practices"><strong>Pagination Testing Best Practices</strong></span></h2>



<p>Any testing is successful when testers follow the best approach to create and execute test cases. Adopting such practices prevents missing out on critical tests and helps to get results that are useful in debugging the issues. These best practices for test cases for pagination are tried and tested for your business:</p>



<ul><li>Gain a clear understanding of the pagination requirements, including the number of items per page, expected behavior, and any specific business rules.</li><li>Verify that the frontend pagination controls align with the backend logic, ensuring consistency in data retrieval and display.</li><li>If pagination is coupled with sorting, test the combined functionality to ensure proper sorting across pages.</li><li>Follow a certain<a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-case-template/"> test case template</a> to create tests that align with the requirements of pagination functionality.</li><li>Make sure to add negative test cases as well.</li><li>Validate if the UI of pagination is consistent throughout the different browsers and devices.</li><li>Clearly document test cases, including expected results and any specific configurations or conditions.</li><li>Perform a<a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-case-review/"> test case review</a> before finalizing the number of test cases, including the count of passed, failed, and blocked tests.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-how-to-automate-test-cases-for-pagination"><span id="How_to_Automate_Test_Cases_for_Pagination"><strong>How to Automate Test Cases for Pagination?</strong></span></h2>



<p>Once you know the best approach to conduct pagination testing, the next step is to put it into practice. With a couple of examples, you can see how Testsigma is an excellent companion for creating and executing pagination test cases.</p>



<p>Consider the blogs page on Testsigma website. We will test if the <em>Previous </em>and <em>Next </em>buttons are working correctly. Here are the steps to follow. Read on how to create test cases in Testsigma using NLPs.</p>



<ul><li>Navigate to the blog URL on Testsigma.</li><li>Identify the pagination element at the end of the page.</li><li>Click on the <em>Next </em>button available. <em>The previous </em>button will only become active when you move from the first page.</li><li>Verify that clicking on <em>Next </em>takes you to the subsequent webpage. If you are on the 1st page, next should take you to the 2nd page. If you are on the 7th page, next should take you to the 8th page.</li><li>Repeat the same steps to check the <em>Previous </em>button from the 2nd page or any page thereafter.</li><li>Verify that clicking on the <em>Previous </em>button takes you to the preceding webpage.</li></ul>



<p>Similarly, you can validate the UI and pagination functionality using Testsigma. The tool works best for<a href="https://testsigma.com/automated-web-application-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> web automated testing</a>, mobile app testing, and<a href="https://testsigma.com/automated-api-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> automated API testing</a> to offer exceptional automation testing.<gwmw style="display:none;"></p>



<p>But the benefits don’t stop here. Partner with Testsigma to:</p>



<ul><li>Save time and resources by automating cross-browser testing</li><li>Quickly present the best and easy-to-understand analytics and reporting to your stakeholders</li><li>Harness the power of AI and NLP-based no-coding test case creation</li><li>Integrate your existing tool set with Testsigma</li></ul>



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<a href="https://testsigma.com/signup" target="_blank" class="cta-btn-v1" rel="noopener">Try Testsigma for Free</a>
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<h2 id="h-conclusion"><span id="Conclusion"><strong>Conclusion</strong></span></h2>



<p>Similar to writing test cases for other functions, pagination test cases are also done in the same manner. Since pagination takes care of organizing data or information in a specific sequence, it is essential to validate this functionality. It is easy to do, and we have outlined the tests you can focus on for checking pagination on your website.</p>



<p>Either<a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/test-cases-for-manual-testing/"> write test cases for a manual testing</a> approach or go for automation using tools like Testsigma with all the information presented to you in this blog.<gwmw style="display:none;"></p>



<div class="schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block"><div class="schema-faq-section" id="faq-question-1752835669672"><strong class="schema-faq-question"><strong>What are the use cases for pagination?</strong></strong> <p class="schema-faq-answer">Pagination is crucial for displaying large sets of data in manageable portions. Common use cases include search results, product listings, and data tables. It enhances user experience by presenting information in digestible chunks, reducing page load times, and facilitating efficient navigation through content.</p> </div> <div class="schema-faq-section" id="faq-question-1752835871567"><strong class="schema-faq-question"><strong>What is REST API pagination?</strong><gwmw style="display:none;"></gwmw></strong> <p class="schema-faq-answer">REST API pagination involves breaking large sets of data into smaller, manageable chunks to improve performance and reduce the amount of data transferred in each request. It utilizes query parameters like <em>page</em> and <em>per_page</em> to specify the requested page and the number of items per page.</p> </div> </div>



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How to Write Pagination Test Cases with Samples

Unit testing vs acceptance testing is not a battle but a complimentary testing treaty. In SDLC, the quest to create robust and bug-free applications is a never-ending journey for developers and testers. Every company uses various testing methodologies to ensure the reliability and functionality of their products.





As testers, understanding the nuances and significance of unit testing and acceptance testing is crucial for crafting resilient products.





In this blog, we will discuss the core differences between unit testing and acceptance testing and how they synergistically contribute to the overarching goal of delivering high-quality software.




<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets"><p class="toc_title">Table Of Contents</p><ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#Definition_8211_Unit_Testing_vs_Acceptance_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">1</span> Definition &#8211; Unit Testing vs Acceptance Testing</a><ul><li><a href="#What_is_Unit_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">1.1</span> What is Unit Testing?</a></li><li><a href="#What_is_Acceptance_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">1.2</span> What is Acceptance Testing?</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Should_You_Do_Unit_Testing_or_Acceptance_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">2</span> Should You Do Unit Testing or Acceptance Testing?</a></li><li><a href="#Key_Difference_Between_Acceptance_Testing_And_Unit_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">3</span> Key Difference Between Acceptance Testing And Unit Testing</a></li><li><a href="#Unit_testing_vs_Acceptance_Testing_8211_How_to_Automate_with_Testsigma"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">4</span> Unit testing vs Acceptance Testing &#8211; How to Automate with Testsigma</a></li><li><a href="#Conclusion"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">5</span> Conclusion</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">6</span> Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li><a href="#What_are_unit_testing_system_testing_and_acceptance_testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">6.1</span> What are unit testing, system testing, and acceptance testing?</a></li><li><a href="#What_is_the_difference_between_acceptance_testing_and_integration_testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">6.2</span> What is the difference between acceptance testing and integration testing?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-definition-unit-testing-vs-acceptance-testing"><span id="Definition_8211_Unit_Testing_vs_Acceptance_Testing"><strong>Definition &#8211; Unit Testing vs Acceptance Testing</strong></span></h2>




Unit testing and acceptance testing are two distinct levels of <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/software-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">software testing</a> that serve different purposes in the software development process.




<h3 id="h-what-is-unit-testing"><span id="What_is_Unit_Testing"><strong>What is Unit Testing?</strong></span></h3>




Unit testing is the process of testing the individual units or modules of a software application in isolation. A unit refers to the smallest part of an application, such as a function, method, or class.





It is performed by the developers. <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/unit-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Unit tests</a> focus on verifying the correctness of each unit of code independently, ensuring that each unit behaves as expected.




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<h3 id="h-what-is-acceptance-testing"><span id="What_is_Acceptance_Testing"><strong>What is Acceptance Testing?</strong></span></h3>




<a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/acceptance-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Acceptance testing</a> evaluates a software system&#8217;s functionality and performance to ensure that it meets specified requirements. It is done to validate that the entire application behaves as expected from the end-user&#8217;s perspective.




<h2 id="h-should-you-do-unit-testing-or-acceptance-testing"><span id="Should_You_Do_Unit_Testing_or_Acceptance_Testing"><strong>Should You Do Unit Testing or Acceptance Testing?</strong></span></h2>




As testers, it&#8217;s essential to perform both unit and acceptance testing. Both unit testing and acceptance testing play vital roles in the software development process. And it is ideal to incorporate both these tests into your testing strategy.




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<em>(Unit vs Acceptance testing is not a superhero battle. Instead, superheroes come together to fight against enemies and ensure the world is safe)</em>





The choice between unit testing and acceptance testing is not a matter of one versus the other. Let me explain this in detail.





Most people think that doing a few tests should help create quality software, but that&#8217;s not the case. However, the best practice is to have a great test strategy that tests the application at different levels and aspects.





A comprehensive testing strategy will include multiple <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/levels-of-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">levels of testing</a>, starting with unit testing and moving to integration testing, system testing, and, finally, acceptance testing. This approach is known as the testing pyramid.





The <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/testing-pyramid/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">test pyramid</a> emphasizes the importance of a broad base of unit tests with a decreasing number of tests at higher levels. The combination of unit testing and acceptance testing provides a more thorough and effective means of ensuring software quality.




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<h2 id="h-key-difference-between-acceptance-testing-and-unit-testing"><span id="Key_Difference_Between_Acceptance_Testing_And_Unit_Testing"><strong>Key Difference Between Acceptance Testing And Unit Testing</strong></span></h2>




Unit and acceptance testing are two different levels of testing that serve distinct purposes in the software development process. Let&#8217;s discuss the core differences between acceptance testing vs unit testing in detail,




<figure class="wp-block-table">
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><strong>Unit Testing</strong></td>
<td><strong>Acceptance Testing</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Unit tests focus on testing individual units or components.</td>
<td>Acceptance tests involve testing the entire system or a complete feature.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Tests are isolated from the rest of the system.</td>
<td>Tests the system as a whole, including external components.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Validates the correctness of each unit of code.</td>
<td>Validates the correctness of the entire application</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>It is performed by developers</td>
<td>It is performed by testers or end users</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>It can be automated</td>
<td>It mostly involves manual testing to validate the user experience of the application from an end-user perspective.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Performed during the development phase.</td>
<td>Usually performed toward the end of the development cycle. That is during the production stage.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Developer-centric, often executed in the development environment.</td>
<td>The test environment closely mimics the production environment.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Provides rapid feedback to developers during coding.</td>
<td>Feedback is often given at later stages, impacting the overall system.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Developers test their functions, methods, or classes.</td>
<td>Testers perform <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/uat-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">User Acceptance Testing</a> (UAT), Alpha testing, or Beta testing.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Performed from the developer perspective</td>
<td>Performed from the end-user perspective</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Tools &#8211; JUnit, TestNG, Testsigma, etc.</td>
<td>Tools &#8211; Testsigma, Selenium, etc.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</figure>




If you think acceptance and system testing are the same, you might be wrong. Learn the key differences between <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/acceptance-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">acceptance testing and system testing</a>.




<h2 id="h-unit-testing-vs-acceptance-testing-how-to-automate-with-testsigma"><span id="Unit_testing_vs_Acceptance_Testing_8211_How_to_Automate_with_Testsigma"><strong>Unit testing vs Acceptance Testing &#8211; How to Automate with Testsigma</strong></span></h2>




Automation is the key to any robust testing strategy. You can automate your entire acceptance testing process using a test automation platform like Testsigma for faster and more efficient testing.





A testing strategy that could manually take months to complete can be done in a day or week span with automated testing. You can make your testing up to 10x faster and more efficient with a robust test automation tool like Testsigma.





Some of the core benefits of Testsigma are as follows,




<ul>
 	<li>Automate your web, mobile, desktop, and API testing in one place.</li>
 	<li>Run different types of software testing in a single platform. That is, you can run UI, functional, cross-browser, portability, integration, regression testing, and more in one place.</li>
 	<li>It provides AI capabilities like in-built test case management, self-healing, etc.</li>
 	<li>No need for extensive coding skills. Testsigma makes the test case creation process easy and efficient with NLPs. That is, users can create test cases using plain English. For example, <em>Navigate to </em><a href="https://testsigma.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><em>www.testsigma.com</em></a> (an NLP) will navigate to the URL.</li>
 	<li>Perfect for both scriptless and script-based test automation.</li>
 	<li>Accessible for both technical and non-technical users.</li>
</ul>



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<a href="https://testsigma.com/automated-web-application-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Automate your web testing</a> across 3000+ real devices/tablets and 1000+ browser/OS combos using Testsigma.





<button class="btn bg-primary cta-btn" style="margin: auto;"><a style="color: #fff;" href="https://testsigma.com/signup" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Sign up for a free trial and start automating your web, mobile, desktop, and API tests in less than 2 minutes.</a></button>




<h2 id="h-conclusion"><span id="Conclusion"><strong>Conclusion</strong></span></h2>




The dynamic interplay between acceptance testing and unit testing plays a pivotal role in shaping the reliability and quality of the final product. As we&#8217;ve explored the nuances of these two distinct testing methodologies, it becomes evident that they are complementary forces working in tandem to ensure a robust and user-friendly software solution.





By embracing both tests, companies can build products that meet technical specifications and exceed user expectations.




<h2 id="h-frequently-asked-questions"><span id="Frequently_Asked_Questions"><strong>Frequently Asked Questions</strong></span></h2>



<h3 id="h-what-are-unit-testing-system-testing-and-acceptance-testing"><span id="What_are_unit_testing_system_testing_and_acceptance_testing"><strong>What are unit testing, system testing, and acceptance testing?</strong></span></h3>



<ul>
 	<li>Unit testing is the process of testing individual units or components of a software application in isolation to ensure their correctness.</li>
 	<li><a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/system-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">System testing</a> is the process of testing the entire software application, including integrated components, to validate its functionality and performance.</li>
 	<li>Acceptance testing evaluates the software system&#8217;s functionality and performance to ensure it meets business requirements and is ready for deployment, often involving end-users to validate user acceptance.</li>
</ul>



<h3 id="h-what-is-the-difference-between-acceptance-testing-and-integration-testing"><span id="What_is_the_difference_between_acceptance_testing_and_integration_testing"><strong>What is the difference between acceptance testing and integration testing?</strong></span></h3>



<ul>
 	<li>Acceptance testing helps evaluate if the entire software system meets specified requirements from an end-user perspective.</li>
 	<li>Integration testing helps verify the interaction between different components or systems to ensure they work together as intended.</li>
</ul>