How to Write Test Cases For Email Field and Email Validation

You know that feeling when you&#8217;re lost in a maze of test cases and wondering if you&#8217;ve missed something important? As the famous software tester Michael Bolton says, &#8220;Checklist-based testing is like having a roadmap for your testing journey.&#8221;



So, a check-list is a guide that walks you through the maze of test cases, ensuring you get all critical turns.&nbsp;



Remember, Dora has a road map with her always!



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" width="518" height="390" src="https://testsigma.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/image-173.png" alt="Checklist based testing" class="wp-image-36596" /></figure></div>



Let me take you on an expedition of the ins and outs of checklist-based testing. I&#8217;ll also share the advantages of using checklists when testing.&nbsp;



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets">Table Of Contents<ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_is_Checklist-Based_Testing">1 What is Checklist-Based Testing?</a></li><li><a href="#Advantages_of_Using_Checklists_in_Testing">2 Advantages of Using Checklists in Testing</a></li><li><a href="#Difficulties_of_Using_Checklists_in_Testing">3 Difficulties of Using Checklists in Testing</a></li><li><a href="#How_to_Perform_a_Checklist_Based_Testing">4 How to Perform a Checklist Based Testing</a></li><li><a href="#How_to_Perform_Test_Automation">5 How to Perform Test Automation?</a><ul><li><a href="#Example">5.1 Example</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Checklist-Based_Testing_Template">6 Checklist-Based Testing Template</a></li><li><a href="#Summary">7 Summary</a></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-what-is-checklist-based-testing">What is Checklist-Based Testing?</h2>



Checklist-based testing is a software testing technique that uses a pre-planned list of tasks or items to be checked or verified during testing.&nbsp;



This approach is often used in conjunction with other testing methods, such as exploratory and scripted testing, to ensure that all aspects of the software are thoroughly tested.



The checklist usually comprises a series of specific test items that are checked off as completed, enabling the testing team to keep track of their progress and ensure that all required testing tasks have been performed. This technique is handy when specific requirements or regulations must be met, as the checklist can be tailored to include these items.



Let&#8217;s say a software development team is working on an e-commerce website that allows customers to create accounts, browse products, add items to their cart, and make purchases.&nbsp;



The team might use checklist-based testing to ensure the website is functional and bug-free.&nbsp;



The checklist for this project could include items such as:&nbsp;



&#8211; Create a new account&nbsp;



&#8211; Log in to an existing account&nbsp;



&#8211; Search for a product&nbsp;



&#8211; Add a product to the cart&nbsp;



&#8211; Remove a product from the cart&nbsp;



&#8211; Make a purchase using a credit card&nbsp;



&#8211; Make a purchase using PayPal&nbsp;



As the testing team works through each item on the checklist, they can check it off to ensure they have covered all essential aspects of the website. This approach ensures that the website is thoroughly tested and ready for release.



<h2 id="h-advantages-of-using-checklists-in-testing">Advantages of Using Checklists in Testing</h2>



Here are the benefits of using the checklist:



<ul><li>Improved consistency and repeatability: Checklists help ensure that all testers follow the same steps and check the same items, which can help improve the consistency and repeatability of test results.</li></ul>



<ul><li>Reduced risk of overlooking essential items: Checklists can help to reduce the risk of overlooking important things that other testing methods may not cover.</li></ul>



<ul><li>Improved communication and collaboration: Checklists can enhance communication and collaboration among testers, providing a shared understanding of what needs to be tested.</li></ul>



<ul><li>Easier to create and maintain: Checklists are relatively easy to create and maintain, as they can be based on existing documentation, such as requirements documents and user manuals.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-difficulties-of-using-checklists-in-testing">Difficulties of Using Checklists in Testing</h2>



A few challenges are:



<ul><li>Upkeep: Checklists require regular maintenance to remain relevant and up-to-date with the evolving software.</li></ul>



<ul><li>Rigidity: Overreliance on checklists may hinder creativity and exploration during testing, potentially missing unexpected issues.</li></ul>



<ul><li>Documentation overhead: Creating and maintaining comprehensive checklists can be time-consuming.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-how-to-perform-a-checklist-based-testing">How to Perform a Checklist Based Testing</h2>



Checklist-based testing is a structured software testing approach that uses a predefined list of tasks or steps to guide the testing process. This technique is often employed for <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/manual-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">manual testing</a>, but it can also be incorporated into automated testing frameworks.



Steps to Perform Checklist-Based Testing:



Create Checklist:



a. Identify Testing Scope: Determine the specific functionalities and areas of the software to be tested.



b. Outline Test Cases: Create a detailed checklist outlining the steps for each test case.



c. Include Preconditions and Expected Results: Clearly define the preconditions for each test case and the expected results.



Assign Checklist:



a. Select Qualified Testers: Assign the checklist to a qualified tester or team.



b. Ensure Understanding: Ensure testers clearly understand the software&#8217;s requirements and the <a href="https://senuri.medium.com/objectives-of-testing-4832858f6f7d" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">testing objectives</a>. Read here about <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/requirement-based-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Requirement based Testing</a>.



Execute Tests:



a. Systematically Follow Checklist: Testers should systematically follow the checklist, performing each step and documenting the results.



b. Note Observations: Record any observed defects, their severity, and steps to reproduce them.



Review and Analyze Results:



a. Identify Recurring Issues: Review the documented results once the testing is complete to identify any recurring issues or patterns.



b. Analyze Checklist Effectiveness: Analyze the effectiveness of the checklist and make adjustments as needed.



Update and Maintain Checklist:



a. Adapt to Changes: As the software evolves, update the checklist to reflect changes in functionalities or requirements.



b. Regular Review: Regularly review and maintain the checklist to ensure its relevance and effectiveness.



Checklist-Based Testing Best Practices:



<ul><li>Clarity and Simplicity: Use clear and concise language in the checklist steps.</li><li>Complete Coverage: Ensure the checklist covers all essential aspects of the software.</li><li>Regular Maintenance: Regularly update the checklist as the software evolves.</li><li>Integration with Automation: Consider integrating checklist-based testing into automated testing frameworks.</li></ul>



 <button class="btn bg-primary cta-btn" style="margin: auto"><a href="https://testsigma.com/signup" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color:#fff">Automate your tests for web, mobile and desktop applications, 10x faster, with Testsigma</a></button> 



<h2 id="h-how-to-perform-test-automation">How to Perform Test Automation?</h2>



To perform <a href="https://testsigma.com/automated-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">test automation</a>, you can follow these steps:



<ol><li>Identify the tests to automate. Not all tests are suitable for automation. Some tests, such as exploratory or tests requiring human judgment, are best performed manually. However, many repetitive and time-consuming tests can be automated.</li></ol>



<ol start="2"><li>Choose an automation framework. Many different automation frameworks are available, such as Testsigma, Selenium, Appium, and Cypress. Each framework has its strengths and weaknesses, so choosing one well-suited to your needs is essential.</li></ol>



 <button class="btn bg-primary cta-btn" style="margin: auto"><a href="https://testsigma.com/signup" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color:#fff">Automate your tests for web, mobile and desktop applications, 10x faster, with Testsigma</a></button> 



<ol start="3"><li>Write your test scripts. Test scripts are the code that tells the automation framework what steps to take to perform the tests. You can write test scripts in various programming languages like Python, Java, and JavaScript. With Testsigma, you write these steps in simple English, thus you don’t need to learn to code.</li></ol>



<ol start="4"><li>Record and execute your tests. Once you have written your test scripts, you need to record them. This involves running the scripts and recording the automation framework&#8217;s steps. Once the tests are recorded, you can execute them whenever necessary.</li></ol>



<ol start="5"><li>Maintain your tests. As your application changes, you must update your test scripts to reflect the changes. It&#8217;s essential to regularly maintain your tests to ensure that they are still accurate and effective.</li></ol>



<h3 id="h-example">Example</h3>



This Screenshot shows test cases written in Testsigma with the workflow of the checklist testing using a travel site.



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter is-resized"><img loading="lazy" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/p1qFptNcXuxOL3t4Z9QKBfTG2_XenbUD6TQakuxWrctD_J7XcUh-ZjrL22A0dliwopydBTQtFaOfLdWP_DL38PxsjYt12YT2PzMSLK6LRXYZqhM7JnbC4jdEgS6adVys6YgmGzh_VJHFX4HrJdkR04k" alt="checklist testing" width="700" height="400" /></figure></div>



<h2 id="h-checklist-based-testing-template">Checklist-Based Testing Template</h2>



Here is a table for reference:



<figure class="wp-block-table"><table><tbody><tr><td>Test Case Descriptions</td><td>Preconditon</td><td>Steps</td><td>Expected Results</td><td>Actaul Result</td><td>Status</td></tr><tr><td>Verify that the user can log in to the system.</td><td>The user has a valid account.</td><td>1. Navigate to the login page.&nbsp;2. Enter the user&#8217;s credentials.&nbsp;3. Click the &#8220;Login&#8221; button.</td><td>The user should be logged in to the system.</td><td>The user is logged in to the system.</td><td>Pass</td></tr><tr><td>Verify that the user can create a new account.</td><td>The user does not have an account.</td><td>1. Navigate to the signup page.&nbsp;2. Enter the user&#8217;s information.&nbsp;3. Click the &#8220;Create Account&#8221; button.</td><td>The user should be able to create a new account.</td><td>The user is able to create a new account.</td><td>Pass</td></tr><tr><td>Verify that the user can reset their password.</td><td>The user has forgotten their password.</td><td>1. Navigate to the forgot password page.&nbsp;2. Enter the user&#8217;s email address.&nbsp;3. Click the &#8220;Reset Password&#8221; button.</td><td>The user should receive an email with a link to reset their password.</td><td>The user receives an email with a link to reset their password.</td><td>Pass</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>



<h2 id="h-summary">Summary</h2>



Testing with a checklist is a super easy and effective way to make sure your software is in tip-top shape. Not only does it make sure all aspects of your software are tested, but it also ensures that everything is complete and consistent.

Checklist Based Testing: How To Perform In Test Automation

Control flow graph(CFG) in software testing is the key to unlocking the hidden pathways of a program&#8217;s logic, allowing testers to uncover potential pitfalls and ensure robust functionality. Just like an explorer relies on a map to chart their course through unknown territory, a tester leans on the CFG to guide them through the twists and turns of code execution.&nbsp;



Just as a well-drawn map can make a trip more enjoyable and less prone to wrong turns, a well-constructed CFG simplifies the testing process, making it more efficient and effective.&nbsp;



Not just that, CFG has more to do with software testing. This blog will discuss everything about control flow graphs and control flow testing in software testing.



Before we get into how control flow testing works, let&#8217;s see what control flow graph is and how control flow graph plays an important role in software testing.



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets">Table Of Contents<ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_is_a_Control_Flow_Graph">1 What is a Control Flow Graph?</a></li><li><a href="#What_is_Control_Flow_Testing">2 What is Control Flow Testing?</a><ul><li><a href="#So_How_is_control_flow_testing_done">2.1 So, How is control flow testing done?</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Purpose_of_Control_Flow_Testing">3 Purpose of Control Flow Testing</a></li><li><a href="#Control_Testing_Example">4 Control Testing Example</a></li><li><a href="#Uses_of_Control_Flow_Testing">5 Uses of Control Flow Testing</a></li><li><a href="#Notation_of_Control_Flow_Testing">6 Notation of Control Flow Testing</a><ul><li><a href="#Node">6.1 Node</a></li><li><a href="#Edge">6.2 Edge</a></li><li><a href="#Decision_Node">6.3 Decision Node</a></li><li><a href="#Junction_Node">6.4 Junction Node</a></li><li><a href="#Control_Flow_Testing_Notations_8211_Example">6.5 Control Flow Testing Notations &#8211; Example</a></li><li><a href="#Sample_Control_Flow_Graph">6.6 Sample Control Flow Graph</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Control_Flow_Testing_Process">7 Control Flow Testing Process</a><ul><li><a href="#1_Control_Flow_Graph_Creation">7.1 1. Control Flow Graph Creation</a></li><li><a href="#2_Coverage_Target">7.2 2. Coverage Target</a></li><li><a href="#3_Test_Case_Creation">7.3 3. Test Case Creation</a></li><li><a href="#4_Test_Case_Execution">7.4 4. Test Case Execution</a></li><li><a href="#5_Analysis">7.5 5. Analysis</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Advantages">8 Advantages</a></li><li><a href="#Disadvantages">9 Disadvantages</a></li><li><a href="#Automate_your_GUI_Tests_with_Testsigma">10 Automate your GUI Tests with Testsigma</a></li><li><a href="#Summary">11 Summary</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions">12 Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li><a href="#What_is_the_importance_of_a_control_flow_graph">12.1 What is the importance of a control flow graph?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-what-is-a-control-flow-graph">What is a Control Flow Graph?</h2>



Control Flow Graph is a visual representation of a program&#8217;s control flow, showing how the program progresses through various statements and decision points.



The control flow graph was developed by Frances E. Allen, inspired by Reese T. Prosser&#8217;s use of boolean connectivity matrices for flow analysis.



Now, let&#8217;s see how this is related to the control flow testing.



<h2 id="h-what-is-control-flow-testing">What is Control Flow Testing?</h2>



Control flow testing is a software testing technique that helps ensure that the different paths a program can take are tested. It is a white-box testing technique. The goal of control flow testing is to verify that all possible execution paths of a program behave as expected.



Need more clarity? Let me explain it in a way that is as easy as ABC.&nbsp;



Imagine you have a computer program with a set of instructions for the computer to follow. Sometimes, the program can go in different ways based on certain conditions (like if-else statements in code).



Now, the testers will test all these different paths to ensure the program works correctly. Simply put, it is like checking that different roads on a map lead to the right destination.



<h3 id="h-so-how-is-control-flow-testing-done">So, How is control flow testing done?</h3>



Control flow testing is usually performed using a control flow graph (CFG), which is a graphical representation of the flow of a program.&nbsp;



The CFG shows the different nodes in the program, such as statements, branches, and loops, and the edges between them.



The software tester will start by creating CFG, which will help them identify all the possible execution paths of a program. Then, the tester can create test cases to cover each path.



<h2 id="h-purpose-of-control-flow-testing">Purpose of Control Flow Testing</h2>



A <a href="https://www.scribd.com/presentation/193784605/Controlflow-Testing">study</a> states that control flow testing helps detect 50% of bugs during unit testing. And that is about 33% of all bugs.



But, control flow testing cannot find all bugs in a program. For example, it can not find interface issues.



Here are some examples of control flow testing,



<ul><li>Testing all branches of an if statement.</li><li>Testing all cases of a switch statement.</li><li>Checking all possible iterations of a loop.</li><li>Testing the error handling.</li><li>Testing the performance of the application for different inputs.</li></ul>



By testing all possible paths through a program, testers can ensure that the program is high quality and meets user requirements.



<h2 id="h-control-testing-example">Control Testing Example</h2>



Let&#8217;s look at an example program in Java and see how control flow testing works.



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter"><img src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/PL_I_YgR50mqW9Oz7mb6qqUlL8h_gkt7giKLQ_ffROJyAtlmROUVBuzYWxPvEzUTjq9SNDH3xLQAMzot-K8ZOBA6-4DgCZRmKAQcOXNRkm4pQgXUWwgEHb6sN7IHsMLpQDkxxbCq_PJnR-2XKxyl8cE" alt="Control Flow Testing Example"/></figure></div>



Control flow testing will help testers test all the possible paths the above program can take. That way, they can make sure the program works as expected with any path.



<h2 id="h-uses-of-control-flow-testing">Uses of Control Flow Testing</h2>



Control flow testing, a type of white box testing, involves analyzing program code by executing test cases. Another approach involves executing data flow.



Here are the key uses of control flow testing:



<ul><li>Unit Testing &#8211; Control flow testing is mainly in <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/unit-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">unit testing</a>. It aims to identify the different paths of execution in the code. Test cases are then created based on these paths and executed.</li></ul>



<ul><li>Control Flow Graphs &#8211; This testing involves creating control flow graphs. These graphs provide a visual representation of how the program flows. By analyzing these paths, testers will be able to write various test cases.</li></ul>



<ul><li>High Test Coverage &#8211; When testing with CFGs, every node and edge in the graph is covered. Thus, it helps achieve high test coverage.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-notation-of-control-flow-testing">Notation of Control Flow Testing</h2>



Control flow testing consists of four nodes, namely,



<ol><li>Node</li><li>Edge</li><li>Decision Node</li><li>Junction node</li></ol>



<h3 id="h-node">Node</h3>



A node represents a basic block of code. It is a section of code that runs from start to end. The nodes show the order of procedure in a program. They help testers to identify what step comes next, making it easy to understand the sequence of actions.



<h3 id="h-edge">Edge</h3>



An edge represents a possible transition or flow of control from one node to another.



<h3 id="h-decision-node">Decision Node</h3>



A decision node, also known as a conditional node, represents a point in the program where a decision is made based on a condition (e.g., an if-else statement).



<h3 id="h-junction-node">Junction Node</h3>



A junction node is a point in the program where at least three nodes meet. It is used to represent points where multiple branches merge back into a single path or split into multiple paths. Simply put, junction nodes are where different nodes lead to one node.



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter"><img src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/v-yrHnlBdyx8ISC-yIRSQ6eLt3AACyUJmAeuBKcc2eNMjBYatI5KMyLdwOcG9bcmyhyrPe97hiijOa_QrTiFknwQ4GL6dm0Y9E-rPHBt4EtUYkLXVrNooy-jJEcmxU4Sdh6B413cxKgMEn3ggpA9X18" alt="Notations of Control Flow Graph"/></figure></div>



<h3 id="h-control-flow-testing-notations-example">Control Flow Testing Notations &#8211; Example</h3>



Let&#8217;s understand these notations using a simple program. The below program checks if a person is eligible to vote or not.



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter"><img src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/d6nSmiiPu8O-wbsUToHk-qhNnBDd_L3kjkE_Pt8FLrR4j-T4b_ffjNAnO1sVC2gvd0dEXRAoLS5jkvohpD5vkC-ZXnCYEDYR_B4lUbeSiHOGhxWLg3WYInrU7XRtEI7ODNyUj72tU14QVsBaxUrUPxo" alt="Control flow testing in software testing"/></figure></div>



What will this program do?



Simple, it takes two paths, as follows,



<ul><li>If x is greater than or equal to 18, it prints the message &#8220;You are eligible to vote.&#8221;</li><li>Else, when x is less than 18, it prints the message &#8220;You aren&#8217;t eligible to vote.&#8221;</li></ul>



Here, the input value &#8216;x&#8217; denotes the age.



<h3 id="h-sample-control-flow-graph">Sample Control Flow Graph</h3>



Now, the control flow graph for the above program will be as follows,



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter"><img src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/SWz4jNIu4yJ-htpSWpHLZZH0rSSnTuBUxh4-c4khbfTawpQ7ND62YCDalnlTGFnWgf5G1Rnfw1xGl-pqANiGZSP2kLYm-kmB8KFHCyAaPAjSorFyBfb2XSlyXU_JYdw2rd0ffboONfDnB08CgWgCing" alt="Control Flow Graph"/></figure></div>



Let&#8217;s see which are what notations.



<ul><li>Nodes &#8211; Start, Age, Eligible, Not Eligible, Stop</li><li>Decision node &#8211; x&gt;=18</li><li>The last node that leads to the stop is the Junction node.</li><li>Edge &#8211; All the direction arrows that connect the nodes</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-control-flow-testing-process">Control Flow Testing Process</h2>



The control flow testing process involves the following steps,



<figure class="wp-block-image"><img src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/aUNjJltNeUEgZUA9wXB-qPxYfkpJfqOLTWHUplWpDdRP8KWjPipNWeVfdBcf0QjPZDsIG22l5PnoovA7y2dyZbI2DBGnNRrPE9qdz4XDwvCMeRPCXyWYJEhofFOOTf85WDaXxDABHpEZRpJjKXObnZo" alt="Control flow testing process"/></figure>



 <h3 id="h-1-control-flow-graph-creation">1. Control Flow Graph Creation</h3>



Start by creating a control flow graph, a visual representation of how the program runs based on the source code. It can be created manually or with a software.



<h3 id="h-2-coverage-target">2. Coverage Target</h3>



A coverage target is defined over the CFG, which includes nodes, paths, edges, branches, etc. Here, testers will decide what part of the graph has to be tested.



<h3 id="h-3-test-case-creation">3. Test Case Creation</h3>



Develop specific test scenarios and test cases based on the control flow graph to cover the designed coverage target.



<h3 id="h-4-test-case-execution">4. Test Case Execution</h3>



Now, execute the test cases that were created to target specific parts of the program.



<h3 id="h-5-analysis">5. Analysis</h3>



Analyze the test results and find out if the program behaves as expected or not.



<h2 id="h-advantages">Advantages</h2>



Control flow testing offers several benefits as follows,



<ul><li>It identifies nearly half of the defects found during unit testing.</li><li>It also pinpoints around one-third of the total program defects.</li><li>Control flow testing can be performed manually or using test automation platforms. With <a href="https://testsigma.com/automated-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">automated testing</a>, you can make your testing super fast and efficient.</li></ul>



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<div class="title-with-description ">
Learn More about Automated Testing
</div>
<a href="https://testsigma.com/automated-testing" target="_blank" class="cta-btn-v1" rel="noopener">Here</a>
</div>



<ul><li>It helps detect at least one-third of the defects of the overall program. Thus, it increases the efficiency of testing.</li><li>It helps test every edge and node in a program, thereby helping achieve high test coverage.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-disadvantages">Disadvantages</h2>



Though it offers advantages, it has other drawbacks as follows,



<ul><li>Identifying missing paths in a large control flow graph can be challenging, mainly when one person handles the program and its model.</li><li>Control flow testing may not detect all errors during the variable&#8217;s instantiation.</li><li>The errors identified during specification may not always be detected during testing.</li><li>Detecting mistakes or discrepancies in the interface is particularly difficult during testing.</li><li>It is not possible to detect flaws in the user interface. So, you will have to do comprehensive <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/automated-gui-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">GUI testing</a> to find interface issues.</li></ul>



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<h2 id="h-automate-your-gui-tests-with-testsigma">Automate your GUI Tests with Testsigma</h2>



<a href="https://testsigma.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Testsigma</a>, an AI-powered low-code test automation platform, helps you automate GUI tests for web, desktop, mobile, and API tests on the cloud.&nbsp;



You can simply use NLPs to create test steps. You don&#8217;t have to write any code scripts or download any test frameworks to perform testing. It is a perfect tool for both technical and non-technical users as it supports both scriptless and script-based testing.



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter"><img src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/7gp6sFS1WEDZN0ZyCNmpVUp9eAIdXsWGUyUG2FaZYW4c1HgULMky4tMxWiQI9FDQtiRzMGHfe_A6jE_hkCmforMJTfHPBCj5rydUBlhGmyedWTN6OXVicvSxMPOdQSiOQIHhLsRUX0f4-FmMgsrdMyE" alt="Testsigma"/></figure></div>



Note &#8211; To test loops, you need to <a href="https://testsigma.com/docs/test-data/create-data-profiles/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">create test data profiles</a> first and then create test steps.



<h2 id="h-summary">Summary</h2>



Just like following a roadmap on a journey, control flow testing guides us through the intricate pathways of code, helping us to identify potential issues and verify the correctness of the software.



It allows testers to design test cases that cover all possible scenarios, making sure that no stone is left unturned. Whether you manually perform testing or automate it, the control flow testing ensures that the software behaves as expected and handles different inputs.



<h2 id="h-frequently-asked-questions">Frequently Asked Questions</h2>



<h3 id="h-what-is-the-importance-of-a-control-flow-graph">What is the importance of a control flow graph?</h3>



The control flow graph identifies all possible paths through the code, ensuring comprehensive test coverage. It helps us identify inaccessible areas of the program and is great for identifying loops and other conditional statements in the code.

Control Flow Graph In Software Testing

10 BEST Exploratory Testing Tools

With roughly three billion monthly active users as of the second quarter of 2023, Facebook remains the most-used online social network globally. This staggering number is not just a testament to its widespread popularity but also to the critical importance of ensuring a seamless and secure login experience for every single user. The login page, being the gateway to personal data and connections, is where the first impression is made, and the user&#8217;s journey begins. It&#8217;s a page that cannot afford to fail.



Understanding how to craft meticulous test cases for the Facebook login page is essential for professionals who are tasked with safeguarding this digital front door. Whether you are a manual tester, an automation engineer, or a QA manager, the integrity of your test cases directly influences the reliability and user trust in Facebook&#8217;s login mechanism.&nbsp;



This article aims to guide you through the process of creating robust test cases, using real-world examples, to ensure that every aspect of the login page works flawlessly, keeping those billions of connections secure and uninterrupted.



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets">Table Of Contents<ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#Test_Case_For_Facebook_Login_Page">1 Test Case For Facebook Login Page</a></li><li><a href="#Types_of_Test_Cases">2 Types of Test Cases</a></li><li><a href="#Positive_Test_Cases_for_Login_Page">3 Positive Test Cases for Login Page</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions">4 Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li><a href="#How_do_I_write_a_test_case_on_Facebook">4.1 How do I write a test case on Facebook?</a></li><li><a href="#How_do_I_test_my_Facebook_login_on_development">4.2 How do I test my Facebook login on development?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="test-case-for-facebook-login-page">Test Case For Facebook Login Page </h2>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter"><img src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/1Q0Kcx5bhHiBCAcuT0XRwRiXjUNjurAjoFvLJaNa0O2WuzQZ4JpFelVDoHb0l7eDkaXOu6xeiSjT19OysqUgbSlqeWtcNs8joozJVzqSFGpjEaJkJVLZxOpEG3B9-6et7lCczFckJHhb_z7LVFbsWsw" alt="Facebook login page"/></figure></div>



When we log into Facebook, we expect a smooth and secure experience. Testing the login page is about making sure that happens every time for every user. Here&#8217;s a closer look at different types of test cases with real-world examples.



<ol><li>Functional Test Case For Facebook Login Page</li></ol>



Testing the functionality of the Facebook login page is crucial to ensure that users can access their accounts without issues. Functional test cases should cover scenarios such as entering correct credentials, handling password recovery, and dealing with CAPTCHAs or two-factor authentication.



 Testsigma simplifies the complex task of setting up an automated test environment that efficiently tests Facebook’s login page. It offers tools to handle CAPTCHAs and two-factor authentication, ensuring that your test cases cover all bases. With Testsigma, you can automate the process of entering authentication codes or solving CAPTCHAs, which are critical for testing the real-world scenarios users may encounter. This level of automation is essential for continuous testing, especially when Facebook updates its login security measures.



 For a deeper dive into the review process of test cases, check out our detailed guide on <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-case-review/">Test Case Review</a>.



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<ol start="2"><li>UI Facebook Login Page Test Cases</li></ol>



UI test cases are all about how the login page looks and feels. It&#8217;s important that the login button is easy to find and that any instructions are clear.&nbsp;



A practical test case might involve checking that the login page adjusts its size properly on a mobile phone screen, making sure it&#8217;s user-friendly no matter the device. Testsigma&#8217;s automated testing capabilities enable you to validate the UI&#8217;s responsiveness across different devices and resolutions, ensuring a consistent experience for all users. Its visual testing features can automatically detect UI anomalies and report them for review.



<ol start="3"><li>Security Test Cases For the Login Page Of Facebook</li></ol>



Security is paramount when it comes to the Facebook login page. Test cases should ensure that the page is protected against common security threats such as SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), and session hijacking.



With the rise of cyber threats, it&#8217;s crucial to ensure the Facebook login page is impervious to common attacks like SQL injection and XSS.&nbsp;



<ol start="4"><li>GUI Testing – Test Cases For Facebook Login Page</li></ol>



GUI testing ensures that the Facebook login page is not only functional but also visually and interactively consistent across different devices and browsers. This includes checking the alignment of elements, color schemes, and interactive components like buttons and input fields.



Accessibility is a key component of GUI testing. This includes testing that the Facebook login page complies with WCAG guidelines, making it accessible to users with disabilities. This includes testing for screen reader compatibility, keyboard navigation, and color contrast ratios, ensuring inclusivity and a wider reach.&nbsp;



<ol start="5"><li>Friends and their Timelines Test Cases for Facebook</li></ol>



This set of test cases would check things like whether you can see your friends&#8217; latest posts as soon as you log in. It&#8217;s important because that&#8217;s a big part of why people use Facebook—to stay updated with friends. A tester might log in and check if the news feed updates with new posts from friends right away. 



<ol start="6"><li>Facebook Notification Test Scenarios</li></ol>



Notification test scenarios make sure you&#8217;re alerted about important activity, like friend requests or messages, as soon as you log in.&nbsp;



A good test case would be to send a message to a user, then log in as that user to see if the notification pops up immediately.



<ol start="7"><li>User Timeline Test Cases for Facebook</li></ol>



These test cases focus on your own timeline—making sure your posts show up correctly after you log in.&nbsp;



Testers might look for things like whether the posts are in the right order and if recent posts appear at the top of the timeline as they should.



By exploring these examples, testers can ensure that the Facebook login page is not just easy and pleasant to use but also secure. It&#8217;s all about giving users peace of mind while they connect with friends and family on the world&#8217;s largest social network.



<h2 id="types-of-test-cases">Types of Test Cases</h2>



When it comes to testing the Facebook login page, it&#8217;s important to consider both positive and negative scenarios. Positive test cases confirm that the system works as intended when used correctly, while negative test cases ensure that the system can handle incorrect or unexpected input gracefully.



For positive test cases, consider scenarios like logging in with email addresses containing special characters or new domain extensions to ensure system compatibility. For negative test cases, test the &#8216;Forgot Password&#8217; feature&#8217;s behavior when provided with an unregistered email address. These edge cases are vital for creating a resilient login page.&nbsp;



<h2 id="positive-test-cases-for-login-page">Positive Test Cases for Login Page</h2>



Positive test cases verify the expected functioning of the login page. Here are some examples:



<ul><li>Valid Credentials: Ensure that a user can log in with a correct email and password combination. For example, entering a registered email and its corresponding password should grant access to the user&#8217;s Facebook account.</li><li>Password Visibility Toggle: Test if users can toggle the visibility of their password to check for correctness before logging in.</li><li>&#8216;Remember Me&#8217; Functionality: Confirm that the &#8216;Remember Me&#8217; option keeps the user logged in for future visits. </li></ul>



These cases are straightforward checks that validate the core functionality of the login process. Understanding what constitutes a test case is fundamental. Learn more about the anatomy of a <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/what-is-test-case/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">test case</a> here.



Negative Test Cases for Login Page



Negative test cases are designed to ensure the system&#8217;s robustness against improper usage. Here are some examples:



<ul><li>Invalid Email Format: Enter an email address in an incorrect format to see if the system correctly prevents login and displays an appropriate error message.</li><li>Incorrect Password: Attempt to log in with a valid email but an incorrect password to test if the system securely denies access.</li><li>Empty Fields: Try to log in with one or both fields empty to ensure that the system prompts the user to fill in the necessary information. </li></ul>



These test cases help identify potential areas where the login process could be made more secure or user-friendly. For those conducting manual testing, enrich your approach with our guide on <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/test-cases-for-manual-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Test Cases for Manual Testing</a>.



By thoroughly testing both positive and negative scenarios, we can ensure that the Facebook login page is reliable, secure, and user-friendly. Testsigma can be an invaluable tool in automating these tests, providing a robust platform for testers to execute a comprehensive suite of test cases efficiently.



Automating a test case for facebook login



Taking an example of a Negative Test Cases, here is a test case for wrong password &#8211;&nbsp;



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter"><img src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/0UL2llw7jTmwBON_ym73WUUq57Wt0083RYPkAntZ6oixS9cVIQRldKLmRguzrRIutJCiK7LBrZ6YqiKs7SjzU1ZAe5JFgxQ3Tm85d_LXgp9D1pKWW4JvsbzF8N1OsU0pPwbwlY-IMpnEFLVnRarmaXI" alt="Automating test cases"/></figure></div>



<ol><li>The above test case has been created using Testsigma, a No-code QA Platform.</li><li>We started off with navigating to the facebook page and then entering the email and password.&nbsp;</li><li>Then, we clicked on the login button and waited for the page to completely load.&nbsp;</li><li>Then we waited for the text “Wrong Credentials”, on the screen.</li><li>Voila! Your test case is complete.</li></ol>



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Conclusion



Testing the Facebook login page is a critical step in ensuring a secure and user-friendly experience for the billions of users accessing the platform. Throughout this article, we&#8217;ve explored various test cases, including functional, UI, security, and both positive and negative scenarios. By applying these test cases, testers can help maintain the integrity and reliability of one of the most frequented login pages on the web. Tools like Testsigma can significantly streamline this process, offering an automated, efficient, and effective testing environment. For insights into crafting test cases for different scenarios, explore our article on <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-cases-for-registration-page/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Test Cases for Registration Page</a>, which parallel many principles applicable to login pages



<h2 id="h-frequently-asked-questions">Frequently Asked Questions</h2>



<h3 id="how-do-i-write-a-test-case-on-facebook"> How do I write a test case on Facebook?</h3>



Writing a test case for Facebook involves understanding the functionality, UI, and security requirements. Start by outlining the expected behavior, such as successful login with valid credentials. Then, consider potential errors, like incorrect password attempts, and how the system should respond. Document each step, from input to expected outcome, and use a tool like Testsigma to automate and execute your test cases. 



Designing test cases requires a strategic approach; learn about various <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-case-design-techniques/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Test Case Design Techniques</a> to enhance your testing efficacy.



<h3 id="how-do-i-test-my-facebook-login-on-development">How do I test my Facebook login on development?</h3>



To test your Facebook login on a development environment, you&#8217;ll need to simulate the login process as it would occur in production. This includes:



<ul><li>Setting up a test environment: Create a separate Facebook app in the developer console for testing purposes.</li><li>Creating test accounts: Use Facebook&#8217;s developer tools to generate test user accounts with various permissions and scenarios.</li><li>Automating test cases: Use an automated testing tool like Testsigma to run through your test cases, including both positive and negative scenarios.</li><li>Monitoring and reporting: Keep track of the tests&#8217; outcomes and report any issues or discrepancies for further development.</li></ul>



By following these steps, you can ensure that your Facebook login functionality is thoroughly tested and ready for live users. API testing is another critical area. After you&#8217;ve mastered login page testing, expand your skills with our guide on <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-cases-for-api-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Test Cases for API Testing</a>.

How to Write Test Cases For Facebook Login Page

How to Write Test Cases For Facebook Login Page ￼

E-learning Testing: How to Test an e-Learning Software

User Acceptance Testing (UAT) Test Cases Template

Test Cases For Checkbox | How to Write?

How to Write Test Case For OTP Verification With Samples

Websites often feature forms with single-choice options, implemented using radio buttons. Unlike checkboxes allowing multiple selections, radio buttons permit only one choice. Typically, the accuracy of the data collected using the form depends on the radio button selection. If, for any reason, the radio button registers the wrong information even after the correct selection, the application under test could have issues. That is why even a simple-looking radio button needs to be tested properly using the right set of test cases for radio buttons.



Below is an example of a radio button:



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter"><img src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/fpu90mkz0WdMWhj4lYwwiNYCdP6H1hT8JR_NbWri1LaRSmkjgKiCpBB-Jr4H1TzAfR6dX-ED0r9sWY7RMbv5OKjldrQf4WFZ49Lgj-ITrLgknyZPOTbxm25d9uF3Wmyj4rznop9X4R6uakOvFAtmzMw" alt="radio button"/></figure></div>



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets">Table Of Contents<ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_are_the_Test_Cases_for_Radio_Button">1 What are the Test Cases for Radio Button?</a></li><li><a href="#How_To_Write_Test_Cases_for_Radio_Button">2 How To Write Test Cases for Radio Button?</a><ul><li><a href="#Manual">2.1 Manual</a></li><li><a href="#Automated">2.2 Automated</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Two_Key_Aspects_to_Testing_a_Radio_Button">3 Two Key Aspects to Testing a Radio Button</a></li><li><a href="#Test_Cases_For_Radio_Buttons">4 Test Cases For Radio Buttons</a></li><li><a href="#Negative_Test_Scenarios_for_a_Radio_Button">5 Negative Test Scenarios for a Radio Button</a></li><li><a href="#Conclusion">6 Conclusion</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions">7 Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li><a href="#What_is_a_radio_button_in_software_testing">7.1 What is a radio button in software testing?</a></li><li><a href="#How_to_check_if_the_radio_button_is_selected_in_Selenium">7.2 How to check if the radio button is selected in Selenium?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-what-are-the-test-cases-for-radio-button">What are the Test Cases for Radio Button?</h2>



Test cases for radio buttons are essential to ensure the accuracy and reliability of single-choice options in web applications. When creating these <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/what-is-test-case/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">test cases</a>, consider factors such as default selections, user interactions, and error handling.&nbsp;



Start with verifying that the radio buttons have a default selection if required. Test the ability to select and deselect options, ensuring that only one choice is allowed at a time. Check for proper labeling and alignment to guarantee a user-friendly experience. Validate that the radio buttons respond correctly to user actions and that they maintain their state after selections.&nbsp;



But wait, that’s not all: test error conditions, such as clicking an already selected option, and assess how the system handles these scenarios.&nbsp;



<h2 id="h-how-to-write-test-cases-for-radio-button">How To Write Test Cases for Radio Button?</h2>



Although radio buttons provide only a single, simple choice, users can still interact with them differently. To write radio button test cases, you have to consider all the possible ways a radio button can be used. Refer to edge cases, how the UI element displays in different browsers and screens, and how it functions when selected/unselected. But the work does not end here; you should also verify the button as a part of the larger user interface. All of these tests can either be executed manually or automatically.



<h3 id="h-manual">Manual</h3>



<a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/manual-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Manual testing</a> of radio buttons involves human interaction to validate their functionality. Test cases for manual testing might include verifying that only one option can be selected at a time, checking default selections, and ensuring proper labeling.



<h3 id="h-automated">Automated</h3>



<a href="https://testsigma.com/automated-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Automated testing</a> employs testing tools or scripts to verify radio button functionality. Automated test cases can include checking the behavior of radio buttons with different input data, validating error messages, and testing the responsiveness of radio buttons under various conditions.&nbsp;



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Test Scenario: Verify Radio Button Functionality



Objective: Ensure only one option can be selected at a time



Test Steps



1. Launch the Simply Travel application using Testsigma tool.



2. Select the ‘One Way Trip’ radio button.



3. Verify that &#8216;One Way Trip’ is selected.



4. Select the ‘Round Trip’ radio button.



5. Verify that ‘One Way Trip’ is deselected and ‘Round Trip’ is selected.



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter"><img src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/UqKrgB29N1xeJbjMFic9SdgVg2upKUJ3FWjOB97takc0T-ek1fefB0eV_0gR7mht_EQh8l811FUzJHqSpX8WAej0UZ4r47RUa_xcaAThiVEG4sGd98Snps5TizSgF84KE4TkOOfT7H75giG21x1cl7E" alt="Radio button verification"/></figure></div>



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<h2 id="h-two-key-aspects-to-testing-a-radio-button">Two Key Aspects to Testing a Radio Button</h2>



Testing a radio button typically involves two primary aspects: how it functions and looks.



Functionality: This aspect focuses on ensuring that the radio button functions correctly. Test cases under functionality testing may include verifying that only one option can be selected at a time, checking default selections, confirming proper labeling, and handling user interactions appropriately.



Responsiveness: The responsiveness aspect evaluates how the radio button displays and behaves under different conditions, such as varying screen resolutions or different user devices. It ensures that the radio button remains usable and visually appealing across a range of settings, contributing to a positive user experience.



<h2 id="h-test-cases-for-radio-buttons">Test Cases For Radio Buttons</h2>



<ul><li>Verify that only one radio button can be selected at a time.</li><li>Check if the radio buttons are initially unselected.</li><li>Validate that clicking on the label associated with a radio button selects the button.</li><li>Confirm that selecting one radio button deselects any previously selected option.</li><li>Verify that keyboard navigation (e.g., using the &#8220;Tab&#8221; key) can select and deselect radio buttons.</li><li>Test the behavior when no radio button is selected, and the form is submitted.</li><li>Check if radio buttons maintain their state upon page refresh.</li><li>Test the functionality of radio buttons with default pre-selected options.</li><li>Verify the behavior of radio buttons with large labels or complex HTML structures.</li><li>Validate radio button behavior when they are disabled (should not be selectable).</li><li>Test radio button responsiveness at different screen resolutions (e.g., mobile, tablet, desktop).</li><li>Test radio button behavior on touch devices to ensure easy selection.</li><li>Verify the radio button&#8217;s appearance and functionality on various operating systems.</li><li>Test the radio button under different network conditions to ensure it loads and responds efficiently.</li><li>Check for visual consistency of radio buttons on different devices and browsers.</li><li>Verify the radio button&#8217;s behavior when it is placed inside a radio button group with multiple sets of options.</li><li>Test the radio button&#8217;s functionality in scenarios where there are more options than can fit within the visible viewport, ensuring proper scrolling or display mechanisms.</li><li>Validate that radio buttons work correctly in multi-page forms, maintaining their selections as users navigate through the pages.</li><li>Verify the radio button&#8217;s behavior when used in conjunction with other form elements, such as text fields or checkboxes, to ensure they do not interfere with each other.</li><li>Check how radio buttons behave when used within complex forms with conditional logic or dynamic changes based on user selections.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-negative-test-scenarios-for-a-radio-button">Negative Test Scenarios for a Radio Button</h2>



Let’s look at some of the negative test scenarios for a radio button:



<ul><li>Attempt to select multiple radio buttons within the same group simultaneously.</li><li>Try to select a radio button that is disabled.</li><li>Test what happens when selecting a radio button with no options available in the group.</li><li>Verify the behavior when pressing the &#8220;Enter&#8221; or &#8220;Space&#8221; key when the radio button is in focus but not selected.</li><li>Check if the radio button maintains its selection after the page refresh.</li><li>Attempt to submit a form with a required radio button not selected and verify the error message or validation response.</li><li>Try to interact with radio buttons using keyboard shortcuts not associated with selection (e.g., &#8220;Ctrl&#8221; or &#8220;Alt&#8221; keys).</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-conclusion">Conclusion</h2>



As we come to the end of this post, let’s focus on different aspects of creating comprehensive test cases for radio buttons. It is essential to ensure the robustness and reliability of a software application. By meticulously examining functionality, responsiveness, and various scenarios, testers can identify and rectify potential issues before they reach end-users. Additionally, incorporating both <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/test-cases-for-manual-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">manual test cases</a> and automated testing approaches provides a thorough examination of the radio button&#8217;s behavior, contributing to the overall quality and effectiveness of the software.



Further reading: <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-cases-for-registration-page/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Test cases for Registration Page</a>



<a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-cases-for-api-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Test cases for API Testing</a>



<h2 id="h-frequently-asked-questions">Frequently Asked Questions</h2>



<h3 id="h-what-is-a-radio-button-in-software-testing">What is a radio button in software testing?</h3>



In software testing, a radio button is a graphical user interface (GUI) element that allows users to make a single selection from a predefined set of options. The distinctive feature of radio buttons is that, within a group of radio buttons sharing the same name, only one option can be selected at a time. This makes radio buttons suitable for scenarios where users need to make mutually exclusive choices, such as selecting a gender or choosing a preference from a set of options.



<h3 id="h-how-to-check-if-the-radio-button-is-selected-in-selenium">How to check if the radio button is selected in Selenium?</h3>



In Selenium, the isSelected() method is used to check if the radio button is selected. Here’s a part of the code in Java:



driver.get(&#8220;https://example.com&#8221;);



&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;// Locate the radio button element using its XPath, ID, or other locator strategy



&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WebElement radioButton = driver.findElement(By.id(&#8220;radioButtonId&#8221;));



&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;// Check if the radio button is selected



&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;if (radioButton.isSelected()) {



&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;System.out.println(&#8220;Radio button is selected.&#8221;);



&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;} else {



&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;System.out.println(&#8220;Radio button is not selected.&#8221;);



&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;}

Test Case For Radio Button &amp; How to Write It