SOA Testing | How to Do, Challenges & Best Practices

&#8220;Ensuring a Secure User Experience: Testing Log Out Functionality.&#8221;



A seamless and secure user experience is paramount for any software application. This includes ensuring the logout functionality works flawlessly, preventing unauthorized access to sensitive user data. To achieve this, vast testing of the logout process is required.&nbsp;



Let&#8217;s dive into creating and executing test cases for log-out functionality.



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&nbsp;This blog post will cover various scenarios to ensure the LogOut function works as intended under multiple conditions.



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets">Table Of Contents<ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_Are_The_Test_Cases_For_Logout_Functionality">1 What Are The Test Cases For Logout Functionality?</a></li><li><a href="#Positive_Test_cases_for_Logout">2 Positive Test cases for Logout</a></li><li><a href="#Negative_Test_Cases_for_Logout">3 Negative Test Cases for Logout</a></li><li><a href="#Security_test_cases_For_logging_out">4 Security test cases For logging out</a></li><li><a href="#Accessibility_Test_Cases_For_Logout_Page">5 Accessibility Test Cases For Logout Page</a></li><li><a href="#HTTPS_Login_Logout_Test_Cases">6 HTTPS Login Logout Test Cases</a></li><li><a href="#How_do_you_write_a_test_case_for_login_functionality">7 How do you write a test case for login functionality?</a></li><li><a href="#When_to_Automate_Logout_Test_Cases">8 When to Automate Logout Test Cases?</a></li><li><a href="#Conclusion">9 Conclusion</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions">10 Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li><a href="#How_do_you_write_test_cases_on_the_logout_button">10.1 How do you write test cases on the logout button?</a></li><li><a href="#What_are_some_test_scenarios_for_Gmail_logout">10.2 What are some test scenarios for Gmail logout?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-what-are-the-test-cases-for-logout-functionality">What Are The <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/what-is-test-case/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Test Cases</a> For Logout Functionality?</h2>



Here are some test cases for logout functionality:



1. Verify that the user is successfully logged out and redirected to the login page.



2. Check that all user session data is cleared after logging out.



3. Test if the user can still access restricted pages or perform actions after logging out.



4. Validate that the user&#8217;s authentication token or session ID is invalidated upon logout.



5. Ensure that any active timers, notifications, or background processes associated with the user are stopped upon logout.



6. Test if the logout functionality works correctly for different types of users (e.g., admin, regular user, guest).



7. Verify that the &#8220;Remember Me&#8221; functionality, if present, is disabled after logging out.



8. Check if any unsaved data or changes made by the user are preserved or discarded upon logout.



9. Test if logging out from one device affects the login status on other devices where the same account is logged in.



10. Validate that third-party integrations or connections (e.g., social media accounts) are appropriately configured and functioning to ensure seamless communication and data exchange.



Read here &#8211; <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-case-template/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Test case template</a>



<h2 id="h-positive-test-cases-for-logout">Positive Test cases for Logout</h2>



Let us look into positive test cases now:



<ul><li>Verify that the user can successfully log out of the application by clicking the &#8220;Logout&#8221; button.</li><li>Verify that the user is redirected to the login page after logging out.</li><li>Verify that the user&#8217;s session is terminated and they can no longer access secure areas of the application after logging out.</li><li>After logging out, verify that all user data is cleared from the browser&#8217;s cache and cookies.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-negative-test-cases-for-logout">Negative Test Cases for Logout</h2>



Here are some negative test cases:



<ul><li>Verify that the user cannot log out of the application by clicking another button or link.</li><li>Verify that the user is not redirected to the login page if they click the &#8220;Logout&#8221; button while not logged in.</li><li>Verify that user data is not cleared from the <a href="https://www.bigcommerce.com/articles/ecommerce/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">browser&#8217;s cache</a> and cookies if the user does not click on the &#8220;Logout&#8221; button.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-security-test-cases-for-logging-out">Security test cases For logging out</h2>



<ul><li>Verify that the logout process is secure and prevents unauthorized access to user data.</li><li>Verify that the logout process invalidates all session tokens and cookies.</li><li>Verify that logout prevents session hijacking and cross-site request forgery attacks.</li><li>Verify that the logout process resists malicious input and attack vectors.</li><li>Verify that the logout process is appropriately logged and audited.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-accessibility-test-cases-for-logout-page">Accessibility Test Cases For Logout Page</h2>



<ul><li>Verify that the logout button is visible and accessible to visually impaired users.</li><li>Verify that the logout button is accessible to users with keyboard navigation.</li><li>Verify that the logout button is accessible to users with screen readers.</li><li>Verify that the logout page is compatible with assistive technologies.</li><li>Verify that the logout page follows accessibility guidelines and standards.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-https-login-logout-test-cases">HTTPS Login Logout Test Cases</h2>



Some HTTP test cases are:



<ul><li>Verify that the login and logout process occurs over a secure HTTPS connection.</li><li>Verify that the logout process invalidates all cookies, including HTTPS cookies.</li><li>Verify that the logout process protects against man-in-the-middle attacks.</li><li>Verify that the logout process prevents HTTP session hijacking.</li><li>Verify that the logout process maintains a secure connection throughout the process.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-how-do-you-write-a-test-case-for-login-functionality">How do you write a test case for login functionality?</h2>



Here are the steps on how to write a test case for login functionality:



Step 1: Define the test case objective



<ul><li>Clearly state the purpose of the test case.</li><li>Specify the expected outcome of the test.</li></ul>



Step 2: Identify the test case type



<ul><li>Determine whether the test case is positive or negative.</li><li>Positive test cases verify behavior during expected scenarios, while <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/negative-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">negative test cases</a> verify behavior in unexpected scenarios.</li></ul>



Step 3: Define the test case prerequisites



<ul><li>List any conditions that must be met before the test can be executed.</li><li>This may include ensuring the application runs or that specific data is present.</li></ul>



Step 4: Outline the test case steps



<ul><li>Provide a detailed description of the actions to be performed during the test.</li><li>Use clear and concise language that is easy to follow.</li></ul>



Step 5: Specify the expected results



<ul><li>Describe the anticipated outcome of each test step.</li><li>This may involve verifying specific messages, actions, or data states.</li></ul>



Step 6: Define the test case data



<ul><li>Identify any data inputs or configuration settings required for the test.</li><li>This may include user credentials, test data, or environment settings.</li></ul>



Step 7: Determine the pass/fail criteria



<ul><li>Establish clear conditions for determining whether the test has passed or failed.</li><li>This may involve verifying specific results, error messages, or system behavior.</li></ul>



Step 8: Document the test case



<ul><li>Use a consistent and organized format to document the test case.</li><li>Include all relevant information, such as the test case ID, objective, type, prerequisites, steps, expected results, data, and pass/fail criteria.</li></ul>



Here is an example of a test case for login functionality:



Test Case ID: 001



Objective: To verify that a user can successfully log in with a valid username and password.



Type: Positive test case



Prerequisites:



<ul><li>The application is running and accessible.</li><li>A valid user account exists.</li></ul>



Steps:



<ol><li>Open the application and navigate to the login page.</li><li>Enter the valid username into the &#8216;Username&#8217; field.</li><li>Enter the valid password into the &#8216;Password&#8217; field.</li><li>Click the &#8216;Login&#8217; button.</li></ol>



Expected Results:



<ul><li>The user is successfully logged in and redirected to the application&#8217;s main page.</li><li>A success message is displayed.</li></ul>



Data:



<ul><li>Username: Ann001</li><li>Password: pass_123</li></ul>



Pass/Fail Criteria:



<ul><li>The test passes if the user is successfully logged in and redirected to the application&#8217;s main page.</li><li>The test fails if the user cannot log in or is not redirected to the correct page.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-when-to-automate-logout-test-cases">When to Automate Logout Test Cases?</h2>



Logout test cases can be automated when the functionality becomes a critical application component, and <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/manual-testing/">manual testing</a> becomes time-consuming and error-prone.&nbsp;



Automation is particularly beneficial when the application undergoes frequent updates or changes, as it ensures consistent testing of the logout process.&nbsp;



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Testsigma is a cloud-based test automation platform that can automate logout test cases.&nbsp;



The image shows an automated logout test case with Testsigma



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<h2 id="h-conclusion">Conclusion</h2>



Time to Log Out!



You should have a complete picture of Log Out test cases and how they work. The logout function is vital in maintaining software applications&#8217; security and integrity. By thoroughly testing the logout process, developers and QA teams can guarantee the protection of user data and provide users with a secure and dependable experience.



<h2 id="h-frequently-asked-questions">Frequently Asked Questions</h2>



<h3 id="h-how-do-you-write-test-cases-on-the-logout-button">How do you write test cases on the logout button?</h3>



<ul><li>Verify that the logout button is visible and accessible.</li><li>Verify that clicking the logout button redirects the user to the login page.</li><li>Verify that the user&#8217;s session is terminated after clicking the logout button.</li></ul>



<h3 id="h-what-are-some-test-scenarios-for-gmail-logout">What are some test scenarios for Gmail logout?</h3>



Here are some test scenarios for Gmail logout:



<ol><li>Verify that the user can successfully log out by clicking the &#8220;Logout&#8221; button.</li><li>Verify that the user is redirected to the Gmail login page after logging out.</li><li>Verify that the user&#8217;s session is terminated and they can no longer access secure Gmail areas after logging out.</li><li>Verify that all user data is cleared from the browser&#8217;s cache and cookies after logging out.</li><li>Verify the user cannot log out by clicking another button or link.</li><li>Verify that the user is not redirected to the Gmail login page if they click the &#8220;Logout&#8221; button while not logged in.</li><li>Verify that users can still access Gmail&#8217;s secure areas if they click the &#8220;Logout&#8221; button without terminating their session.</li><li>Verify that user data is not cleared from the browser&#8217;s cache and cookies if the user does not click on the &#8220;Logout&#8221; button.</li></ol>

LogOut Test Cases (Sample Test Cases)

When it comes to software testing, functional testing is a big deal. It ensures that the software does what it&#8217;s supposed to do and meets the users&#8217; needs. To make this happen, functional test cases are created. These cases tell us what steps to take, what results to expect, and what conditions must be met to test the software properly.



Crafting good functional test cases is an art. It requires a deep understanding of the software needs, a sharp eye for detail, and a talent for predicting potential problems. A good test case should be easy to understand, short, and concise.&nbsp;



No ambiguity allowed!



This blog talks more! Read along…….



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets">Table Of Contents<ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_is_a_Functional_Test_Case">1 What is a Functional Test Case?</a></li><li><a href="#What_should_a_Functional_Test_Case_have">2 What should a Functional Test Case have?</a></li><li><a href="#How_to_Write_a_Functional_Test_Case">3 How to Write a Functional Test Case?</a></li><li><a href="#Examples_of_Functional_Test_Cases">4 Examples of Functional Test Cases</a></li><li><a href="#How_to_Ensure_that_Your_Functional_Test_Cases_Cover_the_Product_Area">5 How to Ensure that Your Functional Test Cases Cover the Product Area?</a></li><li><a href="#Conclusion">6 Conclusion</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions">7 Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li><a href="#What_are_functional_test_cases_and_non-functional_test_cases">7.1 What are functional test cases and non-functional test cases?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-what-is-a-functional-test-case">What is a Functional Test Case?</h2>



A functional test case is a set of instructions that describe how to test a specific function in a software application. It outlines the steps to take, the expected results, and the preconditions that must be in place before the test can be run.&nbsp;



When writing functional test cases, it&#8217;s crucial to identify input conditions, expected outcomes, and the steps to execute the test. Clear documentation helps testers, developers, and other stakeholders understand the <a href="https://www.simplilearn.com/tutorials/devops-tutorial/fundamentals-of-software-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">testing process</a> and results.&nbsp;



Functional test cases contribute to the overall quality assurance process by systematically addressing various functionalities and helping deliver reliable and error-free software to end-users.



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<h2 id="h-what-should-a-functional-test-case-have">What should a Functional Test Case have?</h2>



A functional test case should clearly define what is being tested:



<ul><li>the steps to execute the test,&nbsp;</li><li>the expected results, and&nbsp;</li><li>the preconditions that must be met before the test can be run.&nbsp;</li></ul>



Here&#8217;s a summary of the key components of a functional test case:



1. Test Case Identifier: A unique identifier to easily reference the test case.



2. Test Case Description: A clear and concise description of the specific function or feature being tested.



3. Preconditions: The conditions must be in place before the test can be executed, such as logging in as a particular user or having specific data available.



4. Test Steps: A detailed list of the steps to execute the test, including inputs and actions.



5. Expected Results: The anticipated outputs or outcomes of the test.



6. Actual Results: The actual results obtained when the test is executed.



7. Pass/Fail Criteria: A precise determination of whether the test passed or failed based on comparing expected and actual results.



8. Assumptions: Any assumptions made during the test case design or execution.



9. Notes: Additional information or observations related to the test case.



<h2 id="h-how-to-write-a-functional-test-case">How to Write a Functional Test Case?</h2>



Steps to write:



<ol><li>Identify the Function or Feature: Clearly define the specific function or feature of the software you want to test.</li><li>Understand the Requirements: Thoroughly review the software requirements to grasp the expected behavior and functionality.</li><li>Determine Test Steps: Break down the testing process into detailed steps, including inputs, actions, and validations.</li><li>Define Expected Results: Specify the expected outcomes or outputs for each test step.</li><li>Set Preconditions: Identify the conditions to be met before executing the test.</li><li>Establish Pass/Fail Criteria: Determine how you will assess whether the test passed or failed based on comparing expected and actual results.</li><li>Document the Test Case: Document the <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/what-is-test-case/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">test case</a>, including its identifier, description, preconditions, test steps, expected results, and pass/fail criteria.</li></ol>



<h2 id="h-examples-of-functional-test-cases">Examples of Functional Test Cases</h2>



Here is a table format to better understand:



<figure class="wp-block-table"><table><tbody><tr><td>Feature</td><td>Test Case Description</td><td>Preconditions</td><td>Test Steps</td><td>Expected Results</td><td>Pass/Fail Criteria</td></tr><tr><td>Login</td><td>Verify successful user authentication</td><td>The user account exists, and the password is correct</td><td>1. Open the login page.&nbsp; 2. Enter a valid username and password.&nbsp; 3. Click the login button.</td><td>The user is redirected to the home page.&nbsp; A welcome message is displayed.</td><td>The user is redirected to the home page, and a welcome message is displayed.</td></tr><tr><td>Search</td><td>Test product search functionality</td><td>A search function is available, and the product catalog is loaded</td><td>1. Open the product search page.&nbsp; 2. Enter a valid product name in the search bar.&nbsp; 3. Click the search button.</td><td>A list of matching products is displayed.&nbsp; Product details are displayed for each product.</td><td>A list of matching products is displayed with product details for each product.</td></tr><tr><td>Add to Cart</td><td>Verify product addition to the shopping cart</td><td>The user is logged in, and the product is available in stock</td><td>1. Open the product page.&nbsp; 2. Select the desired quantity.&nbsp; 3. Click the &#8220;Add to Cart&#8221; button.</td><td>Product quantity is updated in the shopping cart icon.&nbsp; A confirmation message is displayed.</td><td>Product quantity is updated in the shopping cart icon, and a confirmation message is displayed.</td></tr><tr><td>Checkout</td><td>Process a successful order</td><td>The user is logged in, the shopping cart contains items, and payment information is valid.</td><td>1. Proceed to checkout.&nbsp; 2. Enter shipping and billing details.&nbsp; 3. Select a payment method and provide payment information.&nbsp; 4. Click the &#8220;Place Order&#8221; button.</td><td>The order confirmation page is displayed. Order details are displayed, including shipping and payment information.</td><td>The order confirmation page displays order details, including shipping and payment information.</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>



Read here &#8211; <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-case-template/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">test case template</a>



<h2 id="h-how-to-ensure-that-your-functional-test-cases-cover-the-product-area">How to Ensure that Your Functional Test Cases Cover the Product Area?</h2>



Ensuring that your functional test cases cover all aspects of your product area is essential to delivering top-notch software.&nbsp;



Here are some useful tactics to achieve this:



<ol><li>Understand the Product Requirements: Review and analyze the requirements thoroughly to grasp the expected functionality and user behavior.</li><li>Identify Testing Scenarios: Break down the product&#8217;s features and functionalities into individual testing scenarios, considering all possible user interactions, edge cases, and error conditions.</li><li>Design Test Cases: For each testing scenario, create detailed functional test cases that outline the test steps, expected results, preconditions, and pass/fail criteria.</li><li>Utilize Testing Tools: Leverage test management tools to efficiently organize, track, and execute test cases.</li><li>Perform <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/exploratory-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Exploratory Testing</a>: Supplement your structured test cases with exploratory testing to uncover hidden defects and edge cases.</li><li>Continuous Review and Update: Regularly review and update test cases as the product evolves to maintain comprehensive coverage.</li></ol>



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<h2 id="h-conclusion">Conclusion</h2>



To wrap things up, <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/automated-functional-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">functional testing </a>is a must-have in software development. It helps us make sure that the products we use work the way they should and give us a good user experience. And well-written test cases make this process even smoother.



<h2 id="h-frequently-asked-questions">Frequently Asked Questions</h2>



<h3 id="h-what-are-functional-test-cases-and-non-functional-test-cases">What are functional test cases and non-functional test cases?</h3>



Functional test cases validate specific functionalities of the software, ensuring they meet defined requirements.&nbsp;In contrast, Non-functional test cases assess performance, reliability, and usability, ensuring the software&#8217;s overall quality.

Functional Test Cases | How to Write? (Sample)

In this article, we will delve into the differences between performance testing and load testing, shedding light on their specific objectives, key metrics, and use cases. By understanding these distinctions, software professionals can better navigate the testing landscape and make informed decisions to optimize their systems for peak performance.



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets">Table Of Contents<ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#Performance_Testing_vs_Load_Testing_8211_Overview">1 Performance Testing vs Load Testing &#8211; Overview</a><ul><li><a href="#What_is_Performance_Testing">1.1 What is Performance Testing?</a></li><li><a href="#What_is_Load_Testing">1.2 What is Load Testing?</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Performance_Testing_vs_Load_Testing_8211_Key_Differences">2 Performance Testing vs Load Testing &#8211; Key Differences</a></li><li><a href="#Conclusion">3 Conclusion</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions">4 Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li><a href="#1_What_is_the_difference_between_performance_testing_stress_testing_and_load_testing">4.1 1. What is the difference between performance testing, stress testing, and load testing?</a></li><li><a href="#2_Does_load_testing_come_under_performance_testing">4.2 2. Does load testing come under performance testing?</a></li><li><a href="#3_Are_there_other_types_of_testing_under_performance_test_aside_from_load_testing">4.3 3. Are there other types of testing under performance test aside from load testing?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="performance-testing-vs-load-testing-overview">Performance Testing vs Load Testing &#8211; Overview</h2>



<h3 id="h-what-is-performance-testing">What is Performance Testing?</h3>



Performance testing is a type of non-functional <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/software-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">software testing</a> that evaluates the performance  and behavior of a software application or system under various conditions. The primary objective of performance testing is to assess a system’s responsiveness, stability, scalability, and speed under various loads, and also to identify performance bottlenecks or issues. 



<a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/performance-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Performance testing</a> also ensures that the software meets its performance requirements and can provide a satisfactory level of user experience in real-world scenarios. Performance testing involves different aspects &#8211; including load testing, stress testing, endurance testing, etc.



<h3 id="what-is-load-testing">What is Load Testing?</h3>



<a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/load-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Load testing</a> is a type of performance testing that focuses on assessing how a system or application performs under a specific level of data or user load. The primary objective of load testing is to determine whether the system can maintain its performance and responsiveness when subjected to the anticipated volume of users, transactions, or data that it is expected to handle in real-world scenarios.&nbsp;Read here &#8211;<a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/load-testing-vs-stress-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> Load Testing vs Stress Testing</a>



<h2 id="performance-testing-vs-load-testing-key-differences">Performance Testing vs Load Testing &#8211; Key Differences</h2>



Take a look at the Key Differences in the table below:



<figure class="wp-block-table"><table><tbody><tr><td>Aspect</td><td>Performance Test</td><td>Load Test</td></tr><tr><td>Objective</td><td>Evaluate system performance under various conditions, identify bottlenecks, and ensure it meets performance requirements.</td><td>Assess the system&#8217;s behavior under a specific level of user or data load to ensure it can handle expected real-world usage.</td></tr><tr><td>Scope</td><td>Broader category encompassing various subtypes, including load testing, stress testing, scalability testing, and endurance testing.</td><td>A subset of performance testing focused on simulating expected user or data loads.</td></tr><tr><td>Primary metric</td><td>Various performance metrics, including response time, throughput, resource utilization, latency, and error rates.</td><td>Metrics related to response times, system stability, and performance under a predefined load level.</td></tr><tr><td>Scenarios</td><td>Includes peak load, stress (beyond normal load), scalability (ability to handle increased load), and endurance (testing over an extended period), among others.</td><td>Typically involves scenarios that simulate expected user loads under normal usage conditions.</td></tr><tr><td>Resource utilization</td><td>Examines resource utilization but also considers other performance aspects.</td><td>Primarily focuses on assessing system performance under different load levels.</td></tr><tr><td>Data</td><td>Can use real or synthetic data depending on the test type.</td><td>Typically uses synthetic data to simulate expected user behavior.</td></tr><tr><td>Complexity</td><td>Can be more complex to set up and execute due to the variety of scenarios.</td><td>Generally easier to set up and execute due to the focus on specific load levels.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-environment/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Test Environment</a></td><td>Requires a representative environment that mimics production conditions, including hardware, software, network, and data.</td><td>Similar to performance testing, but may focus on specific load levels.</td></tr><tr><td>Frequency</td><td>Performed throughout the software development lifecycle (SDLC) and ongoing monitoring.</td><td>Typically conducted before major deployments or system upgrades.</td></tr><tr><td>Benefits</td><td>Helps identify performance issues and weaknesses early, improving system reliability and user experience.&nbsp;Ensures the system can handle the expected load without performance degradation, reducing the risk of crashes or slowdowns.&nbsp;Provides insights into system bottlenecks and scalability limitations.</td><td>Helps validate system capacity for expected usage, and prevents outages during peak traffic periods.Builds user confidence in the system&#8217;s performance.</td></tr><tr><td>Results</td><td>Comprehensive analysis of performance metrics, identification of bottlenecks, and recommendations for improvement.</td><td>Focuses on assessing system behavior under the specified load level, including response times, stability, and resource utilization.</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>



<h2 id="conclusion">Conclusion</h2>



In conclusion, while both performance testing and load testing play vital roles in ensuring the robustness of software systems, they differ in their primary objectives and scopes. Performance testing provides a comprehensive evaluation of system behavior under diverse conditions, while load testing specifically focuses on confirming a system&#8217;s ability to handle anticipated loads, collectively contributing to a more reliable and responsive user experience.



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<h2 id="frequently-asked-questions">Frequently Asked Questions</h2>



<h3 id="1-what-is-the-difference-between-performance-testing-stress-testing-and-load-testing">1. What is the difference between performance testing, stress testing, and load testing?</h3>



Performance testing, <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/software-stress-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">stress testing</a>, and load testing are distinct forms of performance evaluation for software systems. Performance testing assesses system behavior under various conditions to ensure it meets performance requirements, considering metrics like responsiveness and resource utilization.&nbsp;



Stress testing pushes systems beyond normal capacity to identify breaking points and assess resilience under extreme conditions.&nbsp;



Load testing, on the other hand, evaluates system behavior under predefined user or data loads to ensure it can maintain performance and stability under typical usage conditions. Each type of testing serves a specific purpose in assessing a system&#8217;s performance and reliability.&nbsp;



<h3 id="2-does-load-testing-come-under-performance-testing">2. Does load testing come under performance testing?</h3>



Yes, load testing is a subset of performance testing. Performance testing is a broader category that encompasses various <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/the-different-software-testing-types-explained/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">testing types</a>, including load testing, stress testing, scalability testing, and endurance testing.



<h3 id="3-are-there-other-types-of-testing-under-performance-test-aside-from-load-testing">3. Are there other types of testing under performance test aside from load testing?</h3>



Yes, there are other types. In addition to load testing, performance testing includes several other subtypes, such as stress testing (assessing the system under extreme conditions), scalability testing (evaluating the system&#8217;s ability to handle increased load), <a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/software-testing-endurance-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">endurance testing</a> (evaluating stability over time), and benchmark testing (comparing performance against industry standards). These subtypes help identify different aspects of a system&#8217;s performance and ensure it meets specific requirements under various conditions.

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Performance Testing vs Load Testing | Key Differences

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Technology has revolutionized businesses&#8217; operations, and OCR is one of the most transformative advancements.&nbsp;



We are here to explore all about OCR, the OCR test in <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/software-testing/">software testing</a>, its benefits, and how to create and automate it for efficient and error-free data management.&nbsp;



This blog is a must-read for a detailed vision and valuable insights into OCR and the OCR test and its practical applications.&nbsp;



Let&#8217;s explore!



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets">Table Of Contents<ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_is_OCR_testing">1 What is OCR testing?</a></li><li><a href="#When_to_Use_Optical_Character_RecognitionOCR">2 When to Use Optical Character Recognition(OCR)?</a></li><li><a href="#How_OCR_Test_work">3 How OCR Test work?</a></li><li><a href="#How_to_Create_OCR_Tests">4 How to Create OCR Tests?</a><ul><li><a href="#Manual_OCR_Test">4.1 Manual OCR Test</a></li><li><a href="#OCR_Test_Automation">4.2 OCR Test Automation</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Benefits_of_OCR_Test">5 Benefits of OCR Test</a></li><li><a href="#Limitations_of_the_OCR_Test">6 Limitations of the OCR Test</a></li><li><a href="#How_to_Get_Started_with_OCR_Test_Automation_in_Testsigma">7 How to Get Started with OCR Test Automation in Testsigma?</a></li><li><a href="#Conclusion">8 Conclusion</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions">9 Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li><a href="#How_to_create_OCR_Text_Extraction">9.1 How to create OCR Text Extraction?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-what-is-ocr-testing">What is OCR testing?</h2>



Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is the electronic or mechanical conversion of images of typed, handwritten, or printed text into machine-readable text format.



It is used in a wide range of applications, such as:



<ul><li>Converting scanned documents into editable text files</li><li>Extracting text from images for search and indexing</li><li>Transcribing handwritten notes and documents</li><li>Recognizing text on signs and labels</li><li>Automating data entry</li></ul>



Do you want to know how it works?



OCR works by first converting the image into a black-and-white bitmap. The OCR software then analyzes the bitmap to identify characters. This is done by comparing the pixels in the bitmap to a database of character templates. Once the characters have been identified, the OCR software converts them into a machine-encoded text format.&nbsp;



Let&#8217;s see how accurate this technique is.



The accuracy of OCR depends on many factors, including the quality of the image, the size and font of the text, and the complexity of the layout. In general, OCR is very accurate for typed and printed text. However, it can be more challenging to recognize handwritten text, especially if it needs to be better written.



In real life, how OCR can be used:



<ul><li>A business can use OCR to scan and convert paper invoices and receipts into electronic form. This can save time and money on manual data entry.</li><li>A library can use OCR to scan and digitize its collection of books and documents. This makes the collection more accessible to researchers and the public.</li><li>A school can use OCR to scan and grade student exams and essays. This can free up teachers&#8217; time to focus on other tasks.</li><li>A hospital can use OCR to scan and digitize patient records. This can make it easier for doctors and nurses to access patient information.</li></ul>



OCR is a versatile and powerful tool that can be used to improve efficiency and productivity in a wide range of industries.



<h2 id="h-when-to-use-optical-character-recognition-ocr">When to Use Optical Character Recognition(OCR)?</h2>



Text extraction from images is a challenging task, as OCR systems need to accurately recognize a wide variety of fonts, styles, and sizes of text, even in images with poor quality or complex backgrounds.&nbsp;



Use it to



<ul><li>Digitize physical documents: OCR can convert scanned documents, such as invoices, contracts, and receipts, into digital files that can be easily searched, edited, and shared.</li><li>Extract text from images: OCR can be used to <a href="https://www.imagetotext.io/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">extract text from images</a>, such as photos of signs, billboards, and product packaging. This can be useful for tasks such as data entry, research, and archiving.</li><li>Make images accessible: OCR can make images accessible to people with visual impairments by converting the text in the image to a machine-readable format.</li></ul>



Here are some specific examples:



<ul><li>To extract text from a scanned PDF file: You have a scanned PDF file of an important document, such as a contract or lease agreement. You need to be able to search and edit the text in the document, but the scanned PDF file is not searchable. You can use OCR to convert the scanned PDF file into a searchable PDF file.</li><li>To extract text from a photo of a sign: You are at a conference, and you see a sign with a list of speakers and their topics. You want to add the information to your calendar, but you want to type only some of it manually. You can use OCR to extract the text from the photo of the sign and then add it to your calendar.</li><li>To make a website accessible: You are developing a website and want to make it accessible to people with visual impairments. You can use OCR to convert the text on your website into a machine-readable format. This will allow screen readers to read the text to people who are blind or have low vision.</li></ul>



OCR technology has improved significantly in recent years, and it is now possible to extract text from images with high accuracy.



<h2 id="h-how-ocr-test-work">How OCR Test work?</h2>



OCR testing uses Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software to extract and convert data from physical documents into a digital format. We have previously read about the working under the how it works section. Here we can look in detail:



The OCR software analyzes the image of the document and identifies individual characters based on their shape and features. The software then outputs the extracted data in many formats, such as text, CSV, XML, and JSON.



OCR testing can be used to test a variety of documents, including invoices, purchase orders, contracts, and legal documents. It can also be used to test scanned images of handwritten documents.



Here are the steps involved in OCR testing:



<ol><li>Scan the document</li></ol>



The first step is to scan the physical document into a digital image. This can be done using a flatbed scanner, a document scanner, or a mobile device with a camera.



<ol start="2"><li>Load the image into the OCR software</li></ol>



Once the document has been scanned, it needs to be loaded into the OCR software. The software will then analyze the image and identify the individual characters.



<ol start="3"><li>Extract the data</li></ol>



The OCR software will then extract the data from the document and convert it into a digital format. The user can specify the format of the output data.



<ol start="4"><li>Verify the data&nbsp;</li></ol>



Once the data has been extracted, it is important to verify it to ensure accuracy. This can be done manually or by using a data validation tool.



OCR testing can be used to automate a variety of data entry tasks.&nbsp;



For example, an OCR testing script could automatically extract data from invoices and import it into an accounting system. We can quote many different examples according to the application.



OCR gives you a quick way.



Then, you have to&nbsp;



do a little bit of editing at the end.



<h2 id="h-how-to-create-ocr-tests">How to Create OCR Tests?</h2>



To create OCR tests, you can use a manual or automated approach. Let us look in detail at these two:&nbsp;



<h3 id="h-manual-ocr-test">Manual OCR Test</h3>



<ol><li>Prepare the image of the text you want to extract.</li><li>Use an OCR tool to get the text from the image.</li><li>Compare the extracted text to the expected text.</li></ol>



Here is an example of a manual OCR test:



Test case: Verify that the text &#8220;Hello, world!&#8221; is displayed on the screen.



Steps:



<ol><li>Take a screenshot of the screen.</li><li>Use an OCR tool to pull the text from the screenshot.</li><li>Compare the extracted text to the expected text (&#8220;Hello, world!&#8221;).</li><li>The test passes if the extracted text matches the predicted text. Otherwise, the test fails.</li></ol>



<h3 id="h-ocr-test-automation">OCR Test Automation</h3>



<ol><li>Choose an automation framework that supports OCR.</li><li>Record a test that extracts the text from the image and compares it to the expected text.</li><li>Run the test to verify that the extracted text is correct.</li></ol>



🧞Tips for creating better OCR tests:



<ul><li>Use high-quality images for the best results.</li><li>Ensure that the image&#8217;s text is clear and easy to read.</li><li>Use an OCR tool compatible with the type of text you are trying to extract.</li><li>Test the OCR tool on different images before using it in production.</li><li>Use a variety of test cases to cover different scenarios.</li></ul>



You can use manual or automated OCR tests; the best approach for you will depend on your specific needs and requirements.



<h2 id="h-benefits-of-ocr-test">Benefits of OCR Test</h2>



OCR tests can provide several benefits, including:



<ul><li>Improved accessibility: OCR tests can help to make text-based content more accessible to people with disabilities.&nbsp;</li></ul>



For example, OCR tests can convert scanned documents into text formats that screen readers can read.



OCR makes your job easy!



<ul><li>Improved accuracy: OCR tests can help to identify and correct errors in the text extracted from images and scanned documents. This can lead to improved accuracy in data entry and processing.</li></ul>



<ul><li>Reduced time &amp; costs: It can reduce the time and costs associated with manual data entry. This is because OCR tests can extract text from images and scanned documents much faster than humans. OCR tests can be automated, which can save time and money.</li></ul>



<ul><li>Increased efficiency: OCR tests can increase the efficiency of your testing process. This is because OCR tests can be run quickly and efficiently and can be used to test many images simultaneously.</li></ul>



<ul><li>Improved quality: OCR tests can help improve your application&#8217;s quality. This is because OCR tests can help identify and fix text errors, such as spelling and grammatical errors.</li></ul>



<ul><li>Enhanced security: OCR tests can be used to enhance the security of text-based data. For example, OCR tests can verify documents&#8217; authenticity and detect fraud.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-limitations-of-the-ocr-test">Limitations of the OCR Test</h2>



The three major limitations of OCR tests are:



<ol><li>Accuracy: OCR tests are not 100% accurate. The accuracy of an OCR test depends on many factors, including the quality of the image, the type of text being extracted, and the OCR tool being used.</li><li>Cost: OCR testing tools can be expensive, especially for enterprise-grade solutions.</li><li>Complexity: OCR testing can be complex, especially for applications that involve the extraction of text from complex images or documents.</li></ol>



Some other limitations of OCR tests include:



<ul><li>Handwritten text: OCR tests are not helpful when they pull text from handwritten documents.</li><li>Low-quality images: OCR tests could better extract text from low-quality images.</li><li>Complex layouts: OCR tests can have difficulty extracting text from documents with complex layouts, such as tables and charts.</li><li>Foreign languages: OCR tests could better pull text from documents written in foreign languages.</li></ul>



Despite these limitations, OCR tests can be a valuable tool for businesses and organizations. By automating the process of text extraction, OCR tests can improve accuracy, reduce costs, increase efficiency, and enhance security.



<h2 id="h-how-to-get-started-with-ocr-test-automation-in-testsigma">How to Get Started with OCR Test Automation in Testsigma?</h2>



Optical Character Recognition (OCR) testing can be used to <a href="https://testsigma.com/automated-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">automate testing</a> in automation tools like Testsigma for elements like Canvas and frameworks like Flutter that cannot be interacted with.



For example, Take the login page of any website. To automate the page, you must identify elements like username and password.&nbsp;



If you cannot inspect an element, you can take a screenshot of the entire page or pass the web element or the text on which you want to act. Now, use OCR to extract the text coordinates and then use the coordinates to interact with the elements.



Here is an example of a test case that uses an OCR addon to automate a website&#8217;s login page:



Test Case: Login to Website&nbsp;



Steps to create an OCR addon:



1. Take a Screenshot of the Login Page.



2. Extract Text Coordinates of Username Element



3. Click on Username Element



4. Type in Username



5. Extract Text Coordinates of Password Element



6. Click on Password Element



7. Type in Password



8. Click on the Login Button



This test case will take a screenshot of the login page, extract the text coordinates of the username and password elements, click on the elements, type in the username and password, and then click on the login button.



Testsigma <a href="https://testsigma.com/docs/addons/ocr-extraction/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">OCR extraction</a>:



In the GIF below, you can see how OCR test automation is done in Testsigma.&nbsp;



Steps:



<ol><li>Navigate to travel.testsigma.com</li><li>Choose the test data element (eg: ROUND).</li><li>Choose the system specifications and execute the test cases.</li><li>The test passes if the extracted text matches the expected text.&nbsp;</li><li>Otherwise, the test fails.</li></ol>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter"><img src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/0KK495nyXCV387taV6Qewc7hjpEmVRZ6NNBiuQow6nPddaz0WdKEiczEFVvOFRpLao0UYDc939b9CcSp8X3EA3sVqanJT4d2SmpUlSmHHLhTZUHBouvZe7sgDB_u8152qnKNagt3NvbN61TYE3fNFS8" alt="Testsigma - Test automation platform"/></figure></div>



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<h2 id="h-conclusion">Conclusion</h2>



If you are considering using OCR tests, evaluating your needs and requirements is essential. You should also choose an OCR testing tool compatible with the type of text you are trying to extract and the images or documents you are working with.



OCR tests are a powerful tool that can help you to improve the quality of your software and to automate your testing processes.



<h2 id="h-frequently-asked-questions">Frequently Asked Questions</h2>



<h3 id="h-how-to-create-ocr-text-extraction">How to create OCR Text Extraction?</h3>



<ol><li>Use an OCR tool to extract the text from the image or scanned document.</li><li>Save the extracted text to a file or a variable.</li></ol>



You can then use the extracted text in your application or test case.

What is the OCR Test How to Create & Automate It

What is the OCR Test? | How to Create & Automate It?

With emerging technologies and a large number of applications available these days, all that we need are better performing applications. To meet this requirement, developers can use performance profiling to make their softwares better. Performance profiling helps to make sure that the software achieves the requirements and runs efficiently. There are different tools available that you can choose based on your platform, the type of data you want to collect and the programming language being used.



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets">Table Of Contents<ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_is_a_Performance_Profile">1 What is a Performance Profile?</a></li><li><a href="#Benefits_of_Performance_Profiling">2 Benefits of Performance Profiling</a></li><li><a href="#What_are_the_stages_of_Performance_Profiling">3 What are the stages of Performance Profiling?</a></li><li><a href="#Performance_Testing_Vs_Performance_Profiling">4 Performance Testing Vs Performance Profiling</a></li><li><a href="#Performance_Profiling_Tools">5 Performance Profiling Tools</a></li><li><a href="#Importance_of_Performance_Profiling">6 Importance of Performance Profiling</a></li><li><a href="#Challenges_of_Performance_Profiling">7 Challenges of Performance Profiling</a></li><li><a href="#Conclusion">8 Conclusion</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_asked_questionsnbsp">9 Frequently asked questions&nbsp;</a><ul><li><a href="#What_is_an_example_of_performance_profiling">9.1 What is an example of performance profiling?</a></li><li><a href="#How_to_adopt_Performance_Profiling">9.2 How to adopt Performance Profiling?</a></li><li><a href="#What_are_the_fundamentals_of_Performance_Profiling">9.3 What are the fundamentals of Performance Profiling?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-what-is-a-performance-profile">What is a Performance Profile?</h2>



A performance profile is an analysis of a software&#8217;s behavior while executing. It comprises data derived from various aspects such as run time behavior and resource utilization.



&nbsp;Performance profiling is a method of producing these profiles by analyzing a software with respect to certain metrics such as the time taken to execute a function, CPU time utilization, memory usage, run time behavior and resource utilization. It aids in identifying bottlenecks in your code and hence helps to improve your code.&nbsp;



<h2 id="benefits-of-performance-profiling">Benefits of Performance Profiling</h2>



There are several benefits of adapting performance profiling. Some of them are discussed in this section.



<ol><li>Improved code quality &#8211; Performance profiling helps in identifying sections of code that hamper the overall software execution. This helps in rectifying the code and hence improves code quality.</li></ol>



<ol start="2"><li>Efficient software &#8211; Performance profiling analyses a software against various aspects. Thus, it helps in developing an optimized and efficient software.</li></ol>



<ol start="3"><li>Resource Allocation &#8211; Performance profiling analyses and provides results based on resource utilization. This helps to efficiently plan, allocate resources, and ensure they are being used correctly.</li></ol>



<ol start="4"><li>Improved User Experience &#8211; With performance profiling, you get a better working application. This, in turn, improves user experience.</li></ol>



<ol start="5"><li>Scalability &#8211; A software can be continuously improved with performance profiling. This enables the software to take increased load and traffic without any significant performance degradation.</li></ol>



<h2 id="what-are-the-stages-of-performance-profiling">What are the stages of Performance Profiling?</h2>



<ol><li>Define Objectives &#8211; The team should decide what needs to be analyzed before starting the process. Define the parameters (like CPU utilization, memory consumption, resource utilization, and so on) based on which the performance profiling should be done.&nbsp;</li></ol>



<ol start="2"><li>Select the <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/profiling-tool" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Profiling tools</a> &#8211; Choose a tool based on the programming language, platform, and the type of data to be collected.&nbsp;</li></ol>



<ol start="3"><li>Instrument your code &#8211; Mark and set up your code to collect the required data. This depends on the tool that is being used for performance profiling.</li></ol>



<ol start="4"><li>Write test cases &#8211; Prepare a number of test cases to satisfy all the required conditions and workload.</li></ol>



<ol start="5"><li>Profiling Setup and Code Execution &#8211; Configure the profiling tools and ensure that the environment is set up to collect the data.&nbsp; Once the configuration is completed, execute your code to collect the data. Also, work on different use cases to get all possible data.</li></ol>



<ol start="6"><li>Data Analysis &#8211; The data collected from different cases are analyzed by the team. If there are any code bottlenecks detected, they are to be rectified.</li></ol>



<ol start="7"><li>Code optimization &#8211; After analyzing all the data, any deviations detected are repaired to ensure an optimized, better performing, and less resource-using code.&nbsp;</li></ol>



Performance profiling is an iterative process. The above stages are repeated until the performance is at an acceptable level.



<h2 id="performance-testing-vs-performance-profiling">Performance Testing Vs Performance Profiling</h2>



Now that you have understood what performance profiling is, you might have a doubt if Performance profiling is the same as Performance testing. Let us address the topic in this section. Performance testing and Performance profiling are related topics but are used at different stages of software development.



Performance testing is a process of testing a software on how it performs under given conditions and different work loads. Some of the types of performance testing are Load testing, <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/volume-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Volume testing</a>, Endurance testing and <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/software-stress-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Stress testing</a>.



Read here to know more about <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/performance-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Performance Testing</a>! REST APIs can also be tested for Performance. Follow this <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/api-performance-testing/#What_is_API_Performance_Testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">link</a> to get more insight on this topic.



Performance profiling on the other hand, can be considered a part of performance testing. It mainly focuses on software code optimisation by detecting bottlenecks, redundant code and thus helps in improving the functioning of a software. CPU profiling, Application-level profiling and Database query profiling are some of the types focussing on different aspects of software performance.



<h2 id="performance-profiling-tools">Performance Profiling Tools</h2>



You can choose from a variety of tools based on your requirements such as the programming language, the platform, and the type of data you need. Some of the performance profiling tools are &#8211;



<ol><li>Database query profilers &#8211; pgBadger, SQL Service Profiler.</li><li>Java Performance Profilers &#8211; JProfiler, VisualVM.</li><li>Python Performance Profilers &#8211; Pyflame, Py-Spy.</li><li>C / C++ Performance Profilers &#8211; Valgrind, perf.</li><li>Web Application Profilers &#8211; New Relic, AppDynamics.</li></ol>



<h2 id="importance-of-performance-profiling">Importance of Performance Profiling</h2>



<ol><li>Analyzing the result with respect to resource utilization enables you to allocate resources correctly and efficiently.</li><li>Performance profiling improves the functioning of a software by continuously detecting the places where the code needs to be fixed.</li><li>It can be performed at the earlier stages of development hence managing time and quality of software.</li><li>Performance profiling helps to reduce costs in cases where it is billed based on usage.</li><li>It detects the code bottlenecks. The quality of code improves by rectifying these bottlenecks.</li></ol>



<h2 id="challenges-of-performance-profiling">Challenges of Performance Profiling</h2>



<ol><li>Performance profiling tools vary based on different aspects. Choosing the right performance profiling tool for your requirements is a challenge.</li><li>The data results provided by profiling can be complex and time-consuming. The developers should have the skills to read and understand these results.</li><li>Some profiling tools can introduce overhead and alter a software&#8217;s behavior. This, in turn, can lead to incorrect data results and analysis.</li><li>To get the right results, you should understand which tool is appropriate, understand what parameters are to be measured and the software being profiled.</li><li>Profiling in a <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-environment/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">test environment</a> may not cover all the real world scenarios which might make it difficult to address and reproduce user issues.</li></ol>



 <button class="btn bg-primary cta-btn" style="margin: auto"><a href="https://testsigma.com/signup" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color:#fff">Automate your tests for web, mobile, desktop applications and APIs, 10x faster and from the same place with Testsigma</a></button> 



<h2 id="conclusion">Conclusion</h2>



Performance profiling is an impactful process that helps to produce an effective and optimized software. This, in turn, gives you an edge over other applications.



It helps developers to understand the limitations of their code and overcome them. It does come with challenges, but with the right choice of tools and good understanding, performance profiling can be a crucial step to get a high-performing software.



<h2 id="frequently-asked-questions">Frequently asked questions&nbsp;</h2>



<h3 id="what-is-an-example-of-performance-profiling">What is an example of performance profiling?</h3>



One of the examples of performance profiling is memory profiling where you can see how much memory is being used, if there is excessive memory allocated, and also if the memory is being used inefficiently.



<h3 id="how-to-adopt-performance-profiling">How to adopt Performance Profiling?</h3>



You can adopt performance profiling by understanding what needs to be analyzed, selecting the right tool, and working on the obtained results effectively.



<h3 id="what-are-the-fundamentals-of-performance-profiling">What are the fundamentals of Performance Profiling?</h3>



Some of the fundamentals of performance profiling are choosing the right tools, setting up the objectives, analyzing the results, and producing an optimized code.

Performance Profiling Explained with stages

Performance Profiling: Explained with stages

Jay Samit, the ex-Vice Chairman of Deloitte Digital, once famously quoted that ‘Design is how you make your first impression with your consumers. Make sure it is a lasting one.’ One can argue that user interface and website design are two separate entities, but the difference is still minute. And if you are to make the best first impression among your users, focus on quality UI. This blog guides you through how to test and create the UI your customers will appreciate and remember with a list of useful UI test cases.&nbsp;



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets">Table Of Contents<ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_is_UI_Testing">1 What is UI Testing?</a></li><li><a href="#What_are_UI_Test_Cases">2 What are UI Test Cases?</a></li><li><a href="#How_to_Write_UI_Test_Cases">3 How to Write UI Test Cases?</a></li><li><a href="#How_to_Run_UI_Test_Cases">4 How to Run UI Test Cases?</a></li><li><a href="#Manual_and_Automated_UI_Test_Case_Examples">5 Manual and Automated UI Test Case Examples</a></li><li><a href="#How_to_Automate_UI_Test_Cases_with_Testsigma">6 How to Automate UI Test Cases with Testsigma?</a></li><li><a href="#9_User_Interfaces_Test_Cases_Useful_for_Testing">7 9 User Interfaces Test Cases Useful for Testing</a></li><li><a href="#Best_Practices_to_Write_UI_Test_Cases">8 Best Practices to Write UI Test Cases</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions">9 Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li><a href="#What_is_the_difference_between_UI_testing_and_GUI_testing">9.1 What is the difference between UI testing and GUI testing?</a></li><li><a href="#How_do_you_write_test_cases_for_UI_changes">9.2 How do you write test cases for UI changes?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-what-is-ui-testing">What is UI Testing?</h2>



UI testing is the process of checking the user interface of the software. The purpose of UI testing is to make sure that all the visible and interactive elements on the screen, such as menus, buttons, icons, and more, work appropriately. For instance, a clickable button on the Testsigma homepage, like ‘Try Testsigma Cloud’ is a UI element that requires testing to function properly.



Some of the other UI objects are images, gifs, texts, font sizes, dropdowns, checkboxes, font color, and tables on a webpage.



Read all about <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/ui-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">UI Testing</a>



<h2 id="h-what-are-ui-test-cases">What are UI Test Cases?</h2>



UI test cases are the list of tests that focus on verifying the functionality and behavior of a software application&#8217;s user interface. These test cases ensure that the application&#8217;s graphical elements, such as buttons, menus, forms, and visual components, work as expected and provide a positive user experience. GUI test cases include functional UI testing, layout and design testing, <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/navigation-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">navigation testing</a>, input validation and error-handling testing, and <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/usability-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">usability testing</a>.<gwmw style="display:none;">



<h2 id="h-how-to-write-ui-test-cases">How to Write UI Test Cases?</h2>



To understand how to create UI test cases, let’s take an example of the <a href="https://testsigma.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Testsigma</a> homepage. The webpage has multiple interactive and visible UI elements that we can reference for this task. You can refer to the below UI test case examples for general use.



<ul><li>Test if the user can navigate to the homepage.</li><li>Check if the page is displaying correctly without any broken elements, such as images or text.</li><li>Verify that the user can click on various buttons present on the page, like Schedule a demo, Try Testsigma Cloud, Learn more, and Start a Free Trial.</li><li>Test if the menu dropdown is accessible to the user.</li><li>Test if the user can click on several options available under the menu tab.</li><li>Verify that the links added in the page footer are clickable by the user.</li><li>Verify that the page title is displayed at the top.</li><li>Test that any new links or images added to the page do not break the existing UI.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-how-to-run-ui-test-cases">How to Run UI Test Cases?</h2>



Once you have a list of UI test cases, running them comes as the next step. Testers either choose manual or <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/automated-ui-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">automated UI testing</a> options to execute tests. Keeping both these approaches in mind, we give you sequential steps to running GUI test cases:



<ul><li>Understand Requirements: Familiarize yourself with design and functional requirements.</li><li>Identify <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/test-scenario/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Test Scenarios</a>: List scenarios, user interactions, and workflows.</li><li>Prioritize Test Cases: Rank cases based on criticality and usage.</li><li>Create Test Cases: Craft clear test cases with titles, steps, data, and expected outcomes.</li><li>Include Data: Specify input values, credentials, and expected data.</li><li>Handle Variations: Cover diverse data and edge cases.</li><li>Document UI Elements: Clearly identify elements to interact with.</li><li>Test Data and Environment: Specify test data and the testing environment.</li><li>Sequence and Flow: Ensure logical sequence for user workflows.</li><li>Assertions: Define verifications to match expected and actual UI elements.</li><li>Negative Scenarios: Include error-triggering tests for validation.</li><li>Screenshots: Attach images to clarify the expected UI appearance.</li><li>Review and Validation: Ensure accuracy, clarity, and completeness.</li><li>Data Preparation: Provision required test data and configurations.</li><li>Automation Consideration: Identify opportunities for UI test automation.</li><li>Documentation: Maintain organized test case documentation.</li><li>Execution Plan: Plan test execution in the designated environment.</li><li>Execution and Reporting: Execute, record results, and report defects.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-manual-and-automated-ui-test-case-examples">Manual and Automated UI Test Case Examples</h2>



As we move toward putting the list of tests into the execution phase, understanding manual and automated approaches is important. This way, testers can easily differentiate on which tests to run manually or automatically.



Let’s take a look at manual test cases for a login scenario.



<ul><li>Verify that the user can access and enter details into login fields: username and password.</li><li>Test login with an incorrect username and ensure the appropriate error message is displayed.</li><li>Test logging in with both the username and password fields left empty and confirm that a relevant error message is displayed.</li><li>Verify that the login page displays a warning if the Caps Lock key is on during password entry.</li><li>Check if the ‘Remember Me’ button is clearly visible to the user.</li><li>Check if the ‘Remember Me’ button is interactive and clickable.</li><li>Test the integration with social login providers (e.g., Google, Facebook) and ensure users can log in using those options.</li><li>Simulate a session timeout and verify that the user is redirected to the login page with an appropriate message.</li><li>Check the login page&#8217;s responsiveness on various devices (e.g., smartphones and tablets) to ensure it functions and displays correctly.</li><li>Test for various error conditions, such as server unavailability, and ensure user-friendly error messages are displayed.</li><li>Ensure that the login page aligns with the branding and design guidelines, including logo placement and color schemes.</li></ul>



The same test cases can be automated using an automation tool, such as Testsigma. It is a no-code, AI-powered, cloud-based test automation platform that supports end-to-end tests 10x faster for automated web, mobile apps, &amp; APIs.&nbsp;



<a href="https://testsigma.com/request-demo" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Book a demo here</a> to learn more.



<h2 id="h-how-to-automate-ui-test-cases-with-testsigma">How to Automate UI Test Cases with Testsigma?</h2>



One of the best ways to learn how to execute test cases using a tool is to see it in action. Suppose you wish to check the UI elements on a login page; here is how you can use Testsigma for that:



Step 1: Log into your Testsigma account and create a new Test Case for verifying the UI of the login page.



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter"><img src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/-EjAaLmoLtXv9cuMIBUXW_WG1QTHIU44v6qh26sjz59D_sROlwbDu3VBX0InhZC49vXrxJBNBuqW3Plt40Rft7P6MHJX1eh1J8MNOjRyrD95wuUxUGNW-bG093v5vO2cco5YGMZcftRXlnocW7t1TNY" alt="Useful UI Test Cases for Testing"/></figure></div>



Step 2: Develop the test steps using the appropriate NLPs using the multiple options available in the drop-down. You can either use the Record and Playback option or write the tests yourself.



Here, we are simply verifying if the elements are present on the page.



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter"><img src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/wMeJKoz0Qdi-FRELdNkfrhmOgJRXkdW7mfn9XDJ3W2YAOhMuutD14WNeOY9QlN9kbP9oicmiq_pRy4xuTpyzVzdFWQrNr3fMSs8Pr9RM0ntVuCH4MH8yT3ekmP4TLw4xbZe5y8NrLvtUKQZQ_N-uqTs" alt="Useful UI Test Cases for Testing"/></figure></div>



Step 3: After test case creation is complete, click on Run. You will get a screenshot and a video, which you can analyze for a better understanding of the test cases.



In the above example, we are simply verifying the availability of the UI elements on the web page. You can write more test cases to validate the functionality of these elements for further UI testing of the webpage.


<button class="btn bg-primary cta-btn" style="display: block;
 margin: auto;"><a href="https://testsigma.com/signup" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color:#fff">Automate your UI tests for web, mobile and desktop applications, 10x faster, with Testsigma</a></button>


<h2 id="h-9-user-interfaces-test-cases-useful-for-testing">9 User Interfaces Test Cases Useful for Testing</h2>



There are multiple UI test cases that cover a wide range of webpage elements and their functionality. Here are the 9 essential UI test cases useful for testing an online application:



Login Page Validation:



<ul><li>Test valid and invalid login credentials.</li><li>Verify error messages for incorrect inputs.</li><li>Check the &#8220;Remember Me&#8221; functionality.</li></ul>



Navigation Testing:



<ul><li>Verify navigation menus and links.</li><li>Test page redirections and ensure they work as expected.</li></ul>



Form Data Entry:



<ul><li>Test form fields for data entry.</li><li>Validate input restrictions, such as character limits.</li><li>Verify the behavior of optional and required fields.</li></ul>



User Profile Management:



<ul><li>Test user profile creation, editing, and deletion.</li><li>Verify password changes and email updates.</li></ul>



Search Functionality:



<ul><li>Test search bars and filters.</li><li>Confirm that search results match the query.</li></ul>



Data Display:



<ul><li>Verify the correct display of data, including text, images, and tables.</li><li>Ensure proper sorting, pagination, and filtering.</li></ul>



File Upload and Download:



<ul><li>Test file upload functionality.</li><li>Verify that uploaded files are accessible and downloadable.</li></ul>



Responsive Design:



<ul><li>Test the application on various screen sizes and devices.</li><li>Confirm that the layout adapts for mobile and desktop users.</li></ul>



Error Handling:



<ul><li>Test for error scenarios, such as 404 pages.</li><li>Ensure that user-friendly error messages are displayed.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-best-practices-to-write-ui-test-cases">Best Practices to Write UI Test Cases</h2>



Creating effective test cases is the secret behind producing a quality product at lightning-fast speed. Irrespective of the testing type, following a set standard to write and execute test cases helps to manage the testing process properly. Take a look at some of these best practices to elevate your testing efforts for writing UI test cases:



<ul><li>The first rule of producing quality software is attempting to achieve 100% test coverage. It means including complete requirements, test scenarios, features, functional and non-functional components, and more.</li><li>Try to focus on the priority and risk-prone areas at first before taking care of the rest of the application features.</li><li>Prioritize your UI test cases based on the 80/20 rule (Pareto Principle). Identify the 20% of features or functionality that are critical to the application&#8217;s performance and user experience. Focus your testing efforts on these high-impact areas to maximize <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-coverage/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">test coverage</a> and efficiency.</li><li>Be clear about which test cases need manual intervention and which can be run automatically.</li><li>Choose a UI automation tool that supports your testing efforts and approach.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-frequently-asked-questions">Frequently Asked Questions</h2>



<h3 id="h-what-is-the-difference-between-ui-testing-and-gui-testing">What is the difference between UI testing and GUI testing?</h3>



UI testing checks the functionality and behavior of user interactions, ensuring that elements like buttons and forms work correctly. <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/gui-testing-checklist/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">GUI testing</a>, a subset of UI testing, specifically checks the visual elements, like layout, design, and alignment.



<h3 id="h-how-do-you-write-test-cases-for-ui-changes">How do you write test cases for UI changes?</h3>



To write effective test cases for UI changes, begin by understanding the nature and scope of the changes. Identify the affected areas and update or create new test cases accordingly. Verify the compatibility of the changes across browsers and devices and assess responsiveness. Test data entry, user interactions, error handling, and conduct <a href="https://testsigma.com/regression-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">regression testing</a>. Document the expected outcomes, update test data if needed, and review, refine, and execute the test cases.



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9 Useful UI Test Cases for Testing User Interfaces