The IT industry is constantly evolving and adopting new methodologies and practices to improve software development and delivery. Among these, TechOps and DevOps are two popular approaches that aim to streamline IT operations and enhance collaboration. However, they&#8217;re not identical and have distinct focuses and priorities.&nbsp;



Additionally, there is an emerging idea known as NoOps, which offers the pledge of automating IT operations to a degree where human involvement becomes unnecessary.&nbsp;



In this article, we will explore what TechOps, DevOps, and NoOps are, how they differ, and how to choose the best one for your organization.



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets">Table Of Contents<ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_is_TechOps">1 What is TechOps?</a></li><li><a href="#What_is_DevOps">2 What is DevOps?</a></li><li><a href="#What_is_NoOps">3 What is NoOps?</a></li><li><a href="#The_Roles_of_TechOps_DevOps_and_NoOps">4 The Roles of TechOps, DevOps, and NoOps</a></li><li><a href="#Similarities_Between_TechOps_DevOps_and_NoOps">5 Similarities Between TechOps, DevOps, and NoOps</a></li><li><a href="#TechOps_VS_DevOps_VS_NoOps_8211_Differences">6 TechOps VS DevOps VS NoOps &#8211; Differences</a></li><li><a href="#How_TechOps_DevOps_and_NoOps_Interact_and_Complement_Each_Other">7 How TechOps, DevOps, and NoOps Interact and Complement Each Other?</a></li><li><a href="#What_To_Choose_TechOps_VS_DevOps_VS_NoOps">8 What To Choose: TechOps VS DevOps VS NoOps?</a></li><li><a href="#The_Future_of_TechOps_DevOps_and_NoOps">9 The Future of TechOps, DevOps, and NoOps</a></li><li><a href="#Conclusion">10 Conclusion</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions">11 Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li><a href="#What_are_the_key_differences_between_DevOps_and_BizOps">11.1 What are the key differences between DevOps and BizOps?</a></li><li><a href="#Is_TechOps_an_Alternative_for_DevOps">11.2 Is TechOps an Alternative for DevOps?</a></li><li><a href="#What_are_ITOps_and_DevOps">11.3 What are ITOps and DevOps?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-what-is-techops">What is TechOps?</h2>



TechOps is a field that concentrates on overseeing and upholding the technology framework, guaranteeing its stability and dependability. The duties of TechOps teams include configuring servers, overseeing networks, supervising systems, safeguarding IT resources, and ensuring compliance with regulations.&nbsp;



TechOps is a traditional model for IT operations that has developed in response to the growing complexity and requirements of IT systems.



<h2 id="h-what-is-devops">What is DevOps?</h2>



DevOps enables the integration of software development (Dev) and IT operations(Ops). Its goal is to cultivate a culture of teamwork, effective communication, and integration among development, quality assurance, and operations teams to efficiently deliver top-notch software products.&nbsp;



DevOps seeks to close the divide between development and operations, fostering a smoother and more efficient approach to providing software to clients. <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/devops-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">DevOps methodologies</a> involve continuous integration, continuous delivery, and the automation of procedures like <a href="https://testsigma.com/continuous-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">continuous testing</a>, deployment, and infrastructure management.



Collaborative DevOps teams strive to deliver software rapidly and regularly, emphasizing both quality and dependability.



<h2 id="h-what-is-noops">What is NoOps?</h2>



NoOps represents a concept that strives for the full automation of an IT ecosystem during the stages of deploying, monitoring, and enhancing software operations. NoOps, signifying the absence of operations, suggests that there is no requirement for a specialized team to handle software internally.&nbsp;



NoOps is enabled by technologies such as cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and machine learning, that can handle the infrastructure and operations tasks without human intervention.&nbsp;



NoOps enables developers to concentrate exclusively on software development, with the operational aspects of the life cycle entirely automated by the provided platform.



<h2 id="h-the-roles-of-techops-devops-and-noops">The Roles of TechOps, DevOps, and NoOps</h2>



TechOps, DevOps, and NoOps have different roles and responsibilities in an IT environment. Here are some of the main ones:



<ul><li>TechOps Role: <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/tech-ops" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">TechOps</a> teams oversee the infrastructure and systems supporting software development and delivery, guaranteeing the reliability, availability, and performance of IT systems. They also handle security, compliance, and incident response.</li></ul>



<ul><li>DevOps Role: DevOps teams work with development and operations teams to expedite and enhance software delivery. They implement continuous integration, continuous delivery, and automation of testing processes. They also provide feedback and improvement suggestions to the development and operations teams.</li></ul>



<ul><li>NoOps Role: NoOps teams focus on developing the software and rely on the platform to handle the operations tasks. They don&#8217;t have to interact with the operations teams or the infrastructure. They also leverage the platform’s capabilities to monitor and improve the software performance and quality.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-similarities-between-techops-devops-and-noops">Similarities Between TechOps, DevOps, and NoOps</h2>



Despite their differences, TechOps, DevOps, and NoOps also share some similarities. Here are some of the key ones:



<ul><li>Focus on Automation: All three approaches rely on automation to manage IT operations efficiently. Tasks such as setting up servers, updating software, configuring networks, testing, and deploying are automated to reduce errors and save time.</li><li>Focus on Collaboration: All three approaches foster collaboration among different teams and stakeholders. TechOps teams work with development and operations teams to provide infrastructure and support. DevOps teams work with development and operations teams to deliver software. NoOps teams work with the platform providers and customers to develop software.</li><li>Focus on Continuous Improvement: All three approaches aim to continuously improve the software delivery process and the software quality. TechOps teams monitor and optimize the infrastructure and systems. DevOps teams implement feedback loops and best practices. NoOps teams leverage the platform’s features and analytics.</li></ul>



<div class="cta-banner-v5">
<div class="title-with-description ">
Learn more about automated testing
</div>
<a href="https://testsigma.com/automated-testing" target="_blank" class="cta-btn-v1" rel="noopener">Here</a>
</div>



<h2 id="h-techops-vs-devops-vs-noops-differences">TechOps VS DevOps VS NoOps &#8211; Differences</h2>



The following table summarizes some of the main differences between TechOps, DevOps, and NoOps:



<figure class="wp-block-table"><table><tbody><tr><td>Aspect</td><td>TechOps</td><td>DevOps</td><td>NoOps</td></tr><tr><td>Definition</td><td>A discipline that focuses on managing and maintaining the technology infrastructure and ensuring its stability and reliability.</td><td> A collection of practices that prioritizes collaboration and communication between development and operations teams, aiming to enhance software delivery speed and quality.</td><td>An idea focused on achieving complete automation of the IT environment during the processes of deploying, monitoring, and enhancing software operations.</td></tr><tr><td>Objective</td><td>To make sure that the technology systems work well, are accessible when needed, and perform effectively.</td><td>To close the divide between development and operations, creating a more streamlined and efficient process for delivering software to customers.</td><td>To automate the operations tasks and make them independent of human intervention.</td></tr><tr><td>Team Structure</td><td>A dedicated team that manages the infrastructure and systems.</td><td>A cross-functional team that collaborates with development and operations teams.</td><td>A team that focuses on developing the software and relies on the platform to handle the operations tasks.</td></tr><tr><td>Infrastructure</td><td>Managed by the TechOps team.</td><td>Managed by the DevOps team or the cloud provider.</td><td>Managed by the platform provider.</td></tr><tr><td>Automation Level</td><td>Moderate to high.</td><td>High.</td><td>Very high.</td></tr><tr><td>Collaboration Level</td><td>Moderate.</td><td>High.</td><td>Low.</td></tr><tr><td>Feedback Loop</td><td>Limited.</td><td>Frequent.</td><td>Minimal.</td></tr><tr><td>Software Delivery Speed</td><td>Slow to moderate.</td><td>Fast.</td><td>Very fast.</td></tr><tr><td>Software Quality</td><td>Moderate to high.</td><td>High.</td><td>High.</td></tr><tr><td>Security and Compliance</td><td>Handled by the TechOps team.</td><td>Shared by the DevOps team and the cloud provider.</td><td>Handled by the platform provider.</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>



<h2 id="h-how-techops-devops-and-noops-interact-and-complement-each-other">How TechOps, DevOps, and NoOps Interact and Complement Each Other?</h2>



TechOps, DevOps, and NoOps are not isolated concepts; instead, they can collaborate and enhance each other in various ways. For example:



<ul><li>TechOps can provide the infrastructure and support for DevOps teams to deliver software faster and better. TechOps can also leverage DevOps practices to automate and optimize their own processes.</li><li>DevOps can use NoOps platforms to deploy, monitor, and improve their software without worrying about the infrastructure and operations tasks. DevOps stands to gain advantages from NoOps features, including scalability, reliability, and security.</li><li>NoOps can rely on TechOps and DevOps teams to provide the platform and the tools that enable them to automate their operations tasks. NoOps can also collaborate with TechOps and DevOps teams to provide feedback and improvement suggestions for the platform and the tools.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-what-to-choose-techops-vs-devops-vs-noops">What To Choose: TechOps VS DevOps VS NoOps?</h2>



Determining the most suitable approach for your organization lacks a definitive answer, as it depends on diverse factors including business objectives, IT infrastructure, team composition, and customer requirements. However, here are some general guidelines that can help you decide:



<ul><li>Choose TechOps when:<ul><li>You need a stable and reliable infrastructure and systems that support your software development and delivery.</li><li>You possess a committed team capable of overseeing and sustaining the infrastructure and systems.</li><li>You have complex and specific requirements for security and compliance.</li><li>You have a low to moderate demand for software delivery speed and frequency.</li></ul></li><li>Choose DevOps when:<ul><li>You need a fast and efficient software delivery process that meets customer expectations and market demands.</li><li>Your team possesses cross-functional capabilities, enabling seamless collaboration and effective communication with both development and operations teams.</li><li>Your infrastructure and systems are adaptable and scalable, capable of accommodating changes and updates.</li><li>You have a high demand for software delivery speed and frequency, which includes well-tested bug free code.</li></ul></li><li>Choose NoOps when:<ul><li>You need a fully automated IT environment that handles the operations tasks without human intervention.</li><li>You have a team that can focus on developing the software and leverage the platform’s capabilities.</li><li>You have a simple and standard infrastructure and systems that can be managed by the platform provider.</li><li>You have a very high demand for software delivery speed and frequency.</li></ul></li></ul>



<h2 id="h-the-future-of-techops-devops-and-noops">The Future of TechOps, DevOps, and NoOps</h2>



TechOps, DevOps, and NoOps are not static concepts, and they will continue to evolve and adapt to the changing IT landscape and customer needs. Some of the trends and technologies that will shape the future of TechOps, DevOps, and NoOps are:



<ul><li>GitOps: A methodology that uses Git as the single source of truth for the infrastructure and the software code. GitOps enables declarative and version-controlled management of the IT environment, as well as automated synchronization and deployment of the changes.</li><li>Continuous Delivery Excellence: A practice that aims to achieve the highest level of quality and reliability for the software delivery process. Continuous Delivery Excellence involves applying best practices and metrics to measure and improve the performance and outcomes of the software delivery process.</li><li>Holistic Security Integration, often referred to as DevSecOps, is a methodology that incorporates security seamlessly into every phase of the software delivery lifecycle, spanning from development to deployment. DevSecOps involves implementing security tools and policies, as well as fostering a security culture and awareness among the teams and stakeholders.</li><li>Infrastructure as Code (IaC): A practice that treats the infrastructure and the systems as code that can be written, tested, and deployed using the same tools and processes as the software code. IaC enables automation, consistency, and repeatability of the IT environment, as well as easier configuration and management.</li><li>Microservices Architecture is a design framework that divides software into autonomous, small-scale services that interact with one another via APIs. Microservices architecture enables scalability, modularity, and flexibility of the software, as well as faster and easier development and deployment.</li><li>Containerization: A technology that packages the software and its dependencies into isolated and lightweight units that can run on any platform. Containerization enables portability, efficiency, and reliability of the software, as well as easier orchestration and management.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-conclusion">Conclusion</h2>



In this article, we have learned what TechOps, DevOps, and NoOps are, how they differ, and how to choose the best one for your organization. We have also discussed some of the similarities, interactions, and future trends of these approaches. TechOps, DevOps, and NoOps aren&#8217;t totally different. Instead, they can all work together and help each other out in different ways. The key is to understand your business goals, your IT environment, your team structure, and your customer needs, and select the approach that suits your needs the best.



<h2 id="h-frequently-asked-questions">Frequently Asked Questions</h2>



<h3 id="h-what-are-the-key-differences-between-devops-and-bizops">What are the key differences between DevOps and BizOps?</h3>



DevOps and BizOps are two related but distinct concepts that aim to improve software delivery and business outcomes. DevOps focuses on the technical aspects of software development and delivery, such as collaboration, automation, and quality. BizOps focuses on the business aspects of software delivery and outcomes, such as alignment, optimization, and value. DevOps and BizOps work together to ensure that the software meets the customer needs and the business goals.



<h3 id="h-is-techops-an-alternative-for-devops">Is TechOps an Alternative for DevOps?</h3>



TechOps and DevOps are not alternatives, but rather complementary approaches that can work together to improve IT operations and software delivery. TechOps helps set up the necessary tools and support so that DevOps teams can create and improve software more quickly and efficiently. TechOps has the potential to utilize DevOps practices for the automation and optimization of its internal processes. TechOps and DevOps share a common goal of improving the quality and reliability of the software and the systems.



<h3 id="h-what-are-itops-and-devops">What are ITOps and DevOps?</h3>



ITOps and DevOps are two approaches that manage IT operations and software delivery. ITOps is a traditional IT operations model that focuses on managing and maintaining the IT infrastructure and systems. DevOps is a modern IT operations model that focuses on collaborating and communicating with the development teams to deliver software faster and better. ITOps and DevOps have different roles and responsibilities, but they can also work together to improve IT operations and software delivery.

TechOps VS DevOps: What it is & What To Choose?

What is Test Maturity Model (TMM) in Software Testing?

What is a Hotfix Benefits , Challenges; How to Test

What is a Hotfix? | Benefits , Challenges & How to Test?

Behavior Driven Testing | What it is , How to Do & Tools

Have you ever wondered how software gets tested? Do you dream of a world where bugs are banished and errors eradicated? The path to software excellence begins with a robust Test Repository.&nbsp; 



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" width="518" height="300" src="https://testsigma.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/Screenshot-2024-04-30-at-11.54.05-AM.png" alt="Test Repository" class="wp-image-41268"/></figure></div>



This central hub serves as the backbone of your&nbsp;



<ul><li>quality assurance (QA) efforts,&nbsp;</li><li>housing a comprehensive collection of test cases,&nbsp;</li><li>scripts, and data designed to ensure the functionality,</li><li>performance, and&nbsp;</li><li>usability of your software.</li></ul>



So, step inside and explore the riches within this blog.



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets">Table Of Contents<ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#Introduction">1 Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#What_is_a_Test_Repository">2 What is a Test Repository?</a></li><li><a href="#Test_Repository_for_manual_and_automated_testing">3 Test Repository: for manual and automated testing</a></li><li><a href="#Why_is_a_Test_Repository_needed">4 Why is a Test Repository needed?</a></li><li><a href="#How_is_a_Test_Repository_created">5 How is a Test Repository created?</a></li><li><a href="#Who_is_responsible_for_creating_and_updating_a_Test_repository">6 Who is responsible for creating and updating a Test repository?</a></li><li><a href="#Best_practices_for_maintaining_a_test_repository">7 Best practices for maintaining a test repository</a></li><li><a href="#Conclusion">8 Conclusion</a></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-introduction">Introduction</h2>



Have you ever wondered what a test repository means in the world of testing?



Well, let me tell you!&nbsp;



The test repository is like a treasure trove of testing assets that are stored in a directory with a specific structure. With a test repository, you can ensure that all your testing assets are well-organized, easy to access, and ready to use whenever you need them.



<h2 id="h-what-is-a-test-repository">What is a Test Repository?</h2>



A Test Repository is a centralized location or a database used to store test cases, test suites, test plans, and other testing artifacts. It is a software testing practice that helps organize, manage, and maintain test artifacts, making it easier to reuse, modify, and execute them.&nbsp;



The repository is usually structured in a specific way and stored under source control so that all team members can access and utilize the testing assets as needed. By using a test repository, testing teams can easily manage and organize their testing assets, which in turn can help to improve the overall efficiency and effectiveness of their testing processes.



For an example,



A test repository could be a shared folder on a local network or a cloud-based service that allows testers to store, collaborate, and access their test cases from anywhere. With a test repository, testing teams can streamline their testing process, improve collaboration, and ensure consistency in their testing efforts.



This image shows how a company’s repository looks like in Github— this is just a sample.



<figure class="wp-block-image"><img src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/bT3qBKZGXiF8jFlxZHDbhEhmra_ZZLICjo7VXNFMthRMwzuCVaQIQbulwImfGQRjpq1t0m-9VO1YSoyoYtXLgxf9SKUO_S2l2zNOLWz74S3zFHsTrQJ977TgkrtDQyzNenxgVlG7hplBF1ilfWkg-K4" alt="Testsigma - The Test Repository"/></figure>



Here&#8217;s a breakdown of the key components you&#8217;ll find within a complete Test Repository(manual &amp; automation):



<a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/what-is-test-case/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Test Cases:</a> These are detailed descriptions of the steps involved in testing a specific feature or functionality of your software. They typically include pre-conditions, test steps, expected results, and post-conditions.



Test Scripts: These are scripts written in programming languages like Python or Java that automate the execution of test cases. They can significantly reduce manual effort and improve testing efficiency.



These days there are test automation tools that let you write test scripts in natural languages like English too.&nbsp;



 <button class="btn bg-primary cta-btn" style="margin: auto"><a href="https://testsigma.com/signup" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color:#fff">Automate your tests in simple English, 10x faster, with Testsigma</a></button> 



<a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-data/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Test Data</a>: This includes the data sets used to test your software under various conditions. It may include input data, mock data, and expected output data.



Test Results: These are the outcomes of your test execution, indicating whether a test case passed or failed. They may also include additional information like screenshots, logs, and error messages.



Traceability Matrix: This matrix links your test cases to specific requirements or functionalities, ensuring that all areas of your software are adequately covered.



<a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/defect-management/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Defect Management System</a>: This system is integrated with the test repository to track and manage identified defects throughout your testing cycle.



Documentation: This can include user manuals, guidelines, and best practices for using the test repository and conducting effective testing.



<h2 id="h-test-repository-for-manual-and-automated-testing">Test Repository: for manual and automated testing</h2>



For Manual Testing



Here&#8217;s how you can use a Test Repository for manual testing:



1. Accessing and Running Test Cases:



<ul><li>Search and Filter: Browse through the repository to find specific test cases based on features, modules, or keywords.</li><li>View Details: Review the detailed instructions, pre-conditions, expected results, and post-conditions for each test case.</li><li>Execute Manually: Step through the test case instructions manually, verifying each expected result.</li><li>Record Results: Mark each test case as passed or failed, and document any observed issues.</li><li>Add Notes: Capture any additional observations or comments about the test execution.</li></ul>



2. Managing Test Data:



<ul><li>Download Test Data: Download the appropriate test data files required for specific test cases.</li><li>Review and Modify: Review and modify the data as needed to test different scenarios.</li><li>Upload Updated Data: Upload updated data files back to the repository for future use.</li></ul>



3. Collaboration and Communication:



<ul><li>Share Test Cases: Share specific test cases or groups of test cases with other testers for collaboration.</li><li>Discuss and Assign Tasks: Discuss testing tasks and assign specific test cases to different team members.</li><li>Track Progress: Monitor the progress of assigned test cases and identify any bottlenecks.</li></ul>



4. Reporting and Analysis:



<ul><li>Generate Reports: Generate reports on test execution results, including pass/fail ratios and defect trends.</li><li>Analyze Data: Analyze the reports to identify areas for improvement in <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-coverage/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">test coverage</a> or test cases.</li><li>Identify Patterns: Look for patterns in defect occurrences to identify potential root causes.</li></ul>



5. Updating and Maintaining the Repository:



<ul><li>Report Defects: Report any identified defects through the repository&#8217;s defect management system.</li><li>Update Test Cases: Update existing test cases to reflect changes in software functionality or requirements.</li><li>Create New Test Cases: Create new test cases for newly added features or functionalities.</li><li>Review and Approve Updates: Review and approve all updates to test cases and data before they are published.</li></ul>



For Automation Testing



Here&#8217;s how it&#8217;s used in <a href="https://testsigma.com/automated-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">automation testing</a>:



1. Managing Test Scripts:



<ul><li>Store all automated test scripts in a centralized location for easy access and organization.</li><li>Organize scripts by feature, module, or any other relevant criteria for efficient navigation.</li><li>Utilize version control to track changes, revert to previous versions if needed, and maintain script history.</li><li>Implement access controls to manage user permissions and ensure script security.</li></ul>



2. Integrating with Automation Frameworks:



<ul><li>Connect the test repository with your chosen automation framework (e.g., Testsigma, Selenium, Cypress) for seamless data exchange.</li><li>Allow scripts to access test data and expected results stored in the repository for automated execution.</li><li>Capture and store test results directly within the repository for analysis and reporting purposes.</li></ul>



3. Test Data Management:



<ul><li>Store all test data required for automated tests in a structured format within the repository.</li><li>Provide different versions of data for testing various scenarios and edge cases.</li><li>Utilize data providers within automation frameworks to feed data directly into test scripts.</li><li>Implement data-driven testing strategies for efficient and comprehensive test coverage.</li></ul>



4. Execution and Monitoring:



<ul><li>Schedule and trigger automated test execution based on predefined parameters.</li><li>Monitor the progress of automated tests in real time within the repository.</li><li>View detailed execution logs for each test case, including pass/fail status and any captured errors.</li></ul>



5. Reporting and Analysis:



<ul><li>Generate comprehensive reports on test execution results, including detailed statistics and performance metrics.</li><li>Analyze test results to identify trends, patterns, and areas for improvement.</li><li>Utilize reporting data to make informed decisions about future testing efforts and prioritize test case development.</li></ul>



Added to this, there are some benefits such as



<ul><li>Reduced manual effort: Automate repetitive tasks, freeing up time for test engineers to focus on more strategic activities.</li><li>Improved test coverage: Automate complex test scenarios that are difficult to execute manually.</li><li>Increased efficiency: <a href="https://testsigma.com/regression-testing/automated-regression-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Automate regression testing</a> to ensure software stability with every release.</li><li>Enhanced traceability: Link automated tests back to specific requirements and features.</li><li>Standardized processes: Define and enforce consistent practices for automated test development and execution.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-why-is-a-test-repository-needed">Why is a Test Repository needed?</h2>



You need Test Repository for:



Increased Efficiency:



<ul><li>Streamlines test creation, execution, and reporting: Test cases, scripts, and data are organized and readily accessible, eliminating time wasted searching for outdated documents.</li><li>Reduces manual effort: Automated test scripts free up valuable time for developers and testers to focus on more strategic tasks.</li><li>Improves collaboration: A centralized repository allows teams to easily share and collaborate on test cases and results.</li></ul>



Enhanced Quality:



<ul><li>Increases test coverage: Ensures all features and functionalities are thoroughly tested, leading to fewer defects in production.</li><li>Improves defect detection: Provides a clear record of test results, making it easier to identify and track defects.</li><li>Standardizes testing practices: Defines consistent procedures for testing, ensuring consistent quality across projects.</li></ul>



Improved Visibility:



<ul><li>Provides a comprehensive view of testing progress: Real-time access to test results and reports allows for better decision-making and problem-solving.</li><li>Facilitates data-driven insights: Historical data can be analyzed to identify trends and improve future testing efforts.</li><li>Enhances communication and transparency: Teams have a clear understanding of the current state of testing and can communicate effectively with stakeholders.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-how-is-a-test-repository-created">How is a Test Repository created?</h2>



There are several ways to create a test repository, depending on the needs of your team and the tools you have available. Here are some steps in general that will help you understand how it is, just like an outline. 1. Define your requirements:



<ul><li>Determine the size and complexity of your project.</li><li>Decide what features and functionalities you need in your repository.</li><li>Consider your budget and available resources. </li></ul>



2. Choose a test repository tool:



<ul><li>Popular options include Jira, Kualitee, and Zephyr.</li><li>Each tool offers different features and functionalities, so choosing one that meets your needs is important. </li></ul>



3. Set up the repository:



<ul><li>Configure the tool according to your requirements.</li><li>Create user accounts and assign roles and permissions.</li><li>Import any existing test cases or data. </li></ul>



4. Define your standards and guidelines:



<ul><li>Develop clear procedures for creating test cases, scripts, and data.</li><li>Establish naming conventions and version control practices.</li><li>Define how test results will be reported and tracked.</li></ul>



5. Populate the repository:



<ul><li>Begin adding test cases, scripts, and data to the repository.</li><li>Use consistent templates and formats to ensure clarity and organization.</li><li>Regularly update and maintain the repository with new information. </li></ul>



6. Train your team:



<ul><li>Provide training on how to use the test repository effectively.</li><li>Encourage collaboration and communication among team members.</li><li>Offer ongoing support and guidance. </li></ul>



7. Monitor and analyze results:



<ul><li>Regularly review test results and identify areas for improvement.</li><li>Use data-driven insights to make informed decisions about your testing process.</li><li>Continuously adapt and refine your test repository to meet your evolving needs.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-who-is-responsible-for-creating-and-updating-a-test-repository">Who is responsible for creating and updating a Test repository?</h2>



Creating and updating a test repository typically falls on a testing team within the software development organization.&nbsp;



This team may consist of various roles, including: 



Test Engineers: They are responsible for designing and executing test cases, creating and maintaining test scripts, and analyzing test results. They play a key role in populating the test repository with valuable testing assets and keeping them up-to-date.



QA Analysts analyze software requirements and specifications, create traceability matrices, and ensure comprehensive test coverage. They also contribute to developing and maintaining the test repository by providing insights and feedback.



Test Automation Specialists develop and maintain automated test scripts, ensuring efficient and consistent test execution. They also help to integrate automation tools with the test repository for seamless <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_exchange" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">data exchange</a>.



Test Managers lead and manage the testing team, define testing processes and procedures, and set up and maintain the test repository. They oversee the testing effort and ensure the repository meets the team&#8217;s needs.



However, it&#8217;s important to note that the specific responsibilities for creating and updating the test repository may vary within different organizations depending on the size, structure, and methodology used.&nbsp;



In some cases, other roles like developers or product managers may also contribute to the maintenance of the repository, depending on their level of involvement in the testing process.



<h2 id="h-best-practices-for-maintaining-a-test-repository">Best practices for maintaining a test repository</h2>



Here is what you should follow: 



<ul><li>Establish clear guidelines and standards: Define how test cases, scripts, and data should be structured and documented. </li><li>Regularly update and maintain the repository: Ensure all information is current and accurate. </li><li>Use version control: Track changes and revert to previous versions if needed. </li><li>Promote collaboration and communication: Encourage team members to share knowledge and best practices. </li><li>Utilize reporting and analytics: Gain insights from test results to improve your testing process. </li></ul>



<h2 id="h-conclusion">Conclusion</h2>



A well-managed test repository is an invaluable asset for any software development team. By implementing best practices and utilizing the right tools, you can ensure efficient and effective testing, ultimately leading to a higher-quality software product.



Remember, a test repository is more than just a static storage space. It&#8217;s a dynamic hub that fosters collaboration, promotes learning, and ultimately drives software excellence. Embrace its potential, and you&#8217;ll be well on your way to achieving exceptional quality in your software projects.

The Test Repository: Your One-Stop Hub for Effective Testing

Every online website has multiple digital assets. The main menu, search bar, images, and breadcrumbs make up a few of the fundamental components of the website design. They add to the overall design and operations of the site. One such component is pagination. Predominantly used by e-commerce sites, blogs, catalogs, and data tables, pagination comes into action when there is a large amount of digital content to deal with. Alongside this comes pagination test cases to qualify the component as bug-free and in proper working condition.



We show you how.



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets">Table Of Contents<ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_is_Pagination">1 What is Pagination?</a></li><li><a href="#Why_Perform_Pagination_Testing">2 Why Perform Pagination Testing?</a></li><li><a href="#Test_Cases_for_Pagination">3 Test Cases for Pagination</a><ul><li><a href="#Positive_Test_Cases_for_Pagination">3.1 Positive Test Cases for Pagination</a></li><li><a href="#Negative_Test_Cases_for_Pagination">3.2 Negative Test Cases for Pagination</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Pagination_Testing_Best_Practices">4 Pagination Testing Best Practices</a></li><li><a href="#How_to_Automate_Test_Cases_for_Pagination">5 How to Automate Test Cases for Pagination?</a></li><li><a href="#Conclusion">6 Conclusion</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions">7 Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li><a href="#What_are_the_use_cases_for_pagination">7.1 What are the use cases for pagination?</a></li><li><a href="#What_is_REST_API_pagination">7.2 What is REST API pagination?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-what-is-pagination">What is Pagination?</h2>



Pagination is a design pattern for online websites that comes into play when there is a need to organize large amounts of data in a specific order. It divides and displays the content into separate pages, which plays a critical role in simplifying navigation and access to the information.&nbsp;



The goal of pagination is to offer a clear pathway for users to discover crucial content on the website to prevent them from going off-track. On the plus side, pagination improves customer satisfaction and retention.



An example of pagination is Testsigma blogs, which provide readers with quick access to all the posts in an organized manner.



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter"><img src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/_HmTNi6rHiqZm8T0X0R7Xq9G0aJ3DYMzWXRcrPvNTR9RimqbOwn27j1WgoVHzjh-I0gTdb_P95Q-3c2HtlriyprvA4C5g4FLq4HuliJ0GbwPBViSnp3FPqTAk_PLaiYQLx3P04hHC56Vz64rCntea54" alt="Pagination Example" /></figure></div>



To test the pages on the website, you can either do manual testing or automated testing using tools such as Testsigma.



<h2 id="h-why-perform-pagination-testing">Why Perform Pagination Testing?</h2>



For the same reason, you execute any other testing: to ensure that a basic yet fundamental section of your website is behaving as intended. Issues in the pagination functionality can lead to the loss of potential customers for e-commerce sites and a decline in interested readers for blog sites. Subsequently, providing easy and quick entrance to any part of your website (through pagination) is only going to enhance the customer satisfaction quotient for the business.



<h2 id="h-test-cases-for-pagination">Test Cases for Pagination</h2>



Similar to every other element and functionality, pagination also has a list of <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/what-is-test-case/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">test cases</a> for testers to run. It encompasses both positive and negative test cases with the same goal to validate the authenticity and quality of the component. Let’s look at some of the essential pagination test cases for e-commerce, blog, and data-based websites:



<h3 id="h-positive-test-cases-for-pagination">Positive Test Cases for Pagination</h3>



<ul><li>Verify that the pagination controls (Next, Previous, Page Numbers) are present and functional.</li><li>Ensure that the specified number of items per page is displayed consistently.</li><li>Confirm that clicking on the Next and Previous buttons correctly navigates to the next and previous pages.</li><li>Test selecting a specific page number and confirm that the correct page is displayed.</li><li>Verify that navigation to the first and last pages works as expected.</li><li>Test the pagination behavior when there is a large dataset to ensure it handles a maximum page limit properly.</li><li>Check that pagination adjusts appropriately on different screen sizes, ensuring a positive user experience.</li><li>Validate the UI aspects of pagination, i.e., font size, font style, display, and clickability, as expected.</li></ul>



<h3 id="h-negative-test-cases-for-pagination">Negative Test Cases for Pagination</h3>



<ul><li>Test pagination behavior when there are no items to display, ensuring it provides appropriate feedback.</li><li>Check if an attempt to go to a page that does not exist shows a 404 error page or an appropriate error message.</li><li>Check the response when attempting to navigate to a page with a negative page number.</li><li>Test scenarios where the specified items per page exceed the total number of items, ensuring it handles such cases appropriately.</li><li>Verify that pagination controls are not displayed when the dataset is within a single page.</li><li>Check the system&#8217;s behavior when data is removed during pagination to ensure consistency and accuracy.</li></ul>



We also have a comprehensive blog on <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-cases-for-search-functionality/">test cases for search functionality</a> that users rely on to find specific website information.



<h2 id="h-pagination-testing-best-practices">Pagination Testing Best Practices</h2>



Any testing is successful when testers follow the best approach to create and execute test cases. Adopting such practices prevents missing out on critical tests and helps to get results that are useful in debugging the issues. These best practices for test cases for pagination are tried and tested for your business:



<ul><li>Gain a clear understanding of the pagination requirements, including the number of items per page, expected behavior, and any specific business rules.</li><li>Verify that the frontend pagination controls align with the backend logic, ensuring consistency in data retrieval and display.</li><li>If pagination is coupled with sorting, test the combined functionality to ensure proper sorting across pages.</li><li>Follow a certain <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-case-template/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">test case template</a> to create tests that align with the requirements of pagination functionality.</li><li>Make sure to add negative test cases as well.</li><li>Validate if the UI of pagination is consistent throughout the different browsers and devices.</li><li>Clearly document test cases, including expected results and any specific configurations or conditions.</li><li>Perform a <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-case-review/">test case review</a> before finalizing the number of test cases, including the count of passed, failed, and blocked tests.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-how-to-automate-test-cases-for-pagination">How to Automate Test Cases for Pagination?</h2>



Once you know the best approach to conduct pagination testing, the next step is to put it into practice. With a couple of examples, you can see how Testsigma is an excellent companion for creating and executing pagination test cases.



Consider the blogs page on Testsigma website. We will test if the Previous and Next buttons are working correctly. Here are the steps to follow. Read on how to create test cases in Testsigma using NLPs.



<ul><li>Navigate to the blog URL on Testsigma.</li><li>Identify the pagination element at the end of the page.</li><li>Click on the Next button available. The previous button will only become active when you move from the first page.</li><li>Verify that clicking on Next takes you to the subsequent webpage. If you are on the 1st page, next should take you to the 2nd page. If you are on the 7th page, next should take you to the 8th page.</li><li>Repeat the same steps to check the Previous button from the 2nd page or any page thereafter.</li><li>Verify that clicking on the Previous button takes you to the preceding webpage.</li></ul>



<figure class="wp-block-image"><img src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/x0WTmA7xT7b1MWAZOjrF0dLWUpW2dvJ2jHm09h79KNo4tQuKcubOCfvPKMqq0OsrgUvYeAOHrgBJN_c2tJMtzqMYhT54MdOo0h8LI8TOMnkZyYEuUvSNFRP7PcKcQsPZO4mupoVdzSOE2GqIWKHpp4I" alt="Verifying pagination function" /></figure>



Similarly, you can validate the UI and pagination functionality using Testsigma. The tool works best for <a href="https://testsigma.com/automated-web-application-testing">web automated testing</a>, mobile app testing, and <a href="https://testsigma.com/automated-api-testing">automated API testing</a> to offer exceptional automation testing.



But the benefits don’t stop here. Partner with Testsigma to:



<ul><li>Save time and resources by automating cross-browser testing</li><li>Quickly present the best and easy-to-understand analytics and reporting to your stakeholders</li><li>Harness the power of AI and NLP-based no-coding test case creation</li><li>Integrate your existing tool set with Testsigma</li></ul>



 <button class="btn bg-primary cta-btn" style="margin: auto"><a href="https://testsigma.com/signup" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color:#fff">Sign up to explore the 5x automation testing benefits Testsigma brings for the QA teams</a></button> 



<h2 id="h-conclusion">Conclusion</h2>



Similar to writing test cases for other functions, pagination test cases are also done in the same manner. Since pagination takes care of organizing data or information in a specific sequence, it is essential to validate this functionality. It is easy to do, and we have outlined the tests you can focus on for checking pagination on your website.



Either <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/test-cases-for-manual-testing/">write test cases for a manual testing</a> approach or go for automation using tools like Testsigma with all the information presented to you in this blog.



<h2 id="h-frequently-asked-questions">Frequently Asked Questions</h2>



<h3 id="h-what-are-the-use-cases-for-pagination">What are the use cases for pagination?</h3>



Pagination is crucial for displaying large sets of data in manageable portions. Common use cases include search results, product listings, and data tables. It enhances user experience by presenting information in digestible chunks, reducing page load times, and facilitating efficient navigation through content.



<h3 id="h-what-is-rest-api-pagination">What is REST API pagination?</h3>



REST API pagination involves breaking large sets of data into smaller, manageable chunks to improve performance and reduce the amount of data transferred in each request. It utilizes query parameters like page and per_page to specify the requested page and the number of items per page.

How to Write Pagination Test Cases with Samples

Unit testing vs acceptance testing is not a battle but a complimentary testing treaty. In SDLC, the quest to create robust and bug-free applications is a never-ending journey for developers and testers. Every company uses various testing methodologies to ensure the reliability and functionality of their products.&nbsp;



As testers, understanding the nuances and significance of unit testing and acceptance testing is crucial for crafting resilient products.



In this blog, we will discuss the core differences between unit testing and acceptance testing and how they synergistically contribute to the overarching goal of delivering high-quality software.&nbsp;



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets">Table Of Contents<ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#Definition_8211_Unit_Testing_vs_Acceptance_Testing">1 Definition &#8211; Unit Testing vs Acceptance Testing</a><ul><li><a href="#What_is_Unit_Testing">1.1 What is Unit Testing?</a></li><li><a href="#What_is_Acceptance_Testing">1.2 What is Acceptance Testing?</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Should_You_Do_Unit_Testing_or_Acceptance_Testing">2 Should You Do Unit Testing or Acceptance Testing?</a></li><li><a href="#Key_Difference_Between_Acceptance_Testing_And_Unit_Testing">3 Key Difference Between Acceptance Testing And Unit Testing</a></li><li><a href="#Unit_testing_vs_Acceptance_Testing_8211_How_to_Automate_with_Testsigma">4 Unit testing vs Acceptance Testing &#8211; How to Automate with Testsigma</a></li><li><a href="#Conclusion">5 Conclusion</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions">6 Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li><a href="#What_are_unit_testing_system_testing_and_acceptance_testing">6.1 What are unit testing, system testing, and acceptance testing?</a></li><li><a href="#What_is_the_difference_between_acceptance_testing_and_integration_testing">6.2 What is the difference between acceptance testing and integration testing?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-definition-unit-testing-vs-acceptance-testing">Definition &#8211; Unit Testing vs Acceptance Testing</h2>



Unit testing and acceptance testing are two distinct levels of <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/software-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">software testing</a> that serve different purposes in the software development process.



<h3 id="h-what-is-unit-testing">What is Unit Testing?</h3>



Unit testing is the process of testing the individual units or modules of a software application in isolation. A unit refers to the smallest part of an application, such as a function, method, or class.&nbsp;



It is performed by the developers. Unit tests focus on verifying the correctness of each unit of code independently, ensuring that each unit behaves as expected.



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter is-resized"><img loading="lazy" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/3X4Cg1ylKTyLt3d3j4F7RBYKOq-MjMWmO8LjQRco9vzOAkhEUu0zp62cV9Kb8uO7y8wKIItD6sIodbfuzhEsqdzM-coV0hpo_sx7GFY8xYrthS2jDnf_9Lmx3nmFrmHV--Vdr84J20K_EganjoeGKrQ" alt="Unit testing" width="631" height="482" /></figure></div>



<h3 id="h-what-is-acceptance-testing">What is Acceptance Testing?</h3>



<a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/acceptance-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Acceptance testing</a> evaluates a software system&#8217;s functionality and performance to ensure that it meets specified requirements. It is done to validate that the entire application behaves as expected from the end-user&#8217;s perspective.



<h2 id="h-should-you-do-unit-testing-or-acceptance-testing">Should You Do Unit Testing or Acceptance Testing?</h2>



As testers, it&#8217;s essential to perform both unit and acceptance testing. Both unit testing and acceptance testing play vital roles in the software development process. And it is ideal to incorporate both these tests into your testing strategy.&nbsp;



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter is-resized"><img loading="lazy" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/MuFJdJwIuwE_USCIZ8w4WkC3VYQPsWOazVduI-uH6sTUznNEQwA9b8q-h5wMbRT0vNX4n-UGPXqOPtiAa5GYmzK8dW0d55X53xdMGrVTN0o2I88nfeP7ITFpFmkb6goRJ8ITQ41xi_wJZw1niArGaDk" alt=" unit testing vs acceptance testing" width="700" height="700" /></figure></div>



(Unit vs Acceptance testing is not a superhero battle. Instead, superheroes come together to fight against enemies and ensure the world is safe)



The choice between unit testing and acceptance testing is not a matter of one versus the other. Let me explain this in detail.&nbsp;



Most people think that doing a few tests should help create quality software, but that&#8217;s not the case. However, the best practice is to have a great test strategy that tests the application at different levels and aspects.&nbsp;



A comprehensive testing strategy will include multiple <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/levels-of-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">levels of testing</a>, starting with unit testing and moving to integration testing, system testing, and, finally, acceptance testing. This approach is known as the testing pyramid.&nbsp;



The <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/testing-pyramid/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">test pyramid</a> emphasizes the importance of a broad base of unit tests with a decreasing number of tests at higher levels. The combination of unit testing and acceptance testing provides a more thorough and effective means of ensuring software quality.



<figure class="wp-block-image is-resized"><img loading="lazy" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/5Lpz6Z9n69B2jLVbR8cll5ZGJF2CX2eczEakb5xACIr-_dLyfu8raQutfNo4w1YA2qQPRKiYZxFYvdGyAbJt6j0tFiT6R9QnozqF8tju0hbc5Bb2m_C8kS9c3Dgm2IcfDOQZAUjQkWy2Ob6upzuRGdc" alt=" Unit testing vs acceptance testing" width="800" height="444" /></figure>



<h2 id="h-key-difference-between-acceptance-testing-and-unit-testing">Key Difference Between Acceptance Testing And Unit Testing</h2>



Unit and acceptance testing are two different levels of testing that serve distinct purposes in the software development process. Let&#8217;s discuss the core differences between acceptance testing vs unit testing in detail,



<figure class="wp-block-table"><table><tbody><tr><td>Unit Testing</td><td>Acceptance Testing</td></tr><tr><td>Unit tests focus on testing individual units or components.</td><td>Acceptance tests involve testing the entire system or a complete feature.</td></tr><tr><td>Tests are isolated from the rest of the system.</td><td>Tests the system as a whole, including external components.</td></tr><tr><td>Validates the correctness of each unit of code.</td><td>Validates the correctness of the entire application</td></tr><tr><td>It is performed by developers</td><td>It is performed by testers or end users</td></tr><tr><td>It can be automated</td><td>It mostly involves manual testing to validate the user experience of the application from an end-user perspective.</td></tr><tr><td>Performed during the development phase.</td><td>Usually performed toward the end of the development cycle. That is during the production stage.</td></tr><tr><td>Developer-centric, often executed in the development environment.</td><td>The test environment closely mimics the production environment.</td></tr><tr><td>Provides rapid feedback to developers during coding.</td><td>Feedback is often given at later stages, impacting the overall system.</td></tr><tr><td>Developers test their functions, methods, or classes.</td><td>Testers perform <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/uat-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">User Acceptance Testing</a> (UAT), Alpha testing, or Beta testing.</td></tr><tr><td>Performed from the developer perspective</td><td>Performed from the end-user perspective</td></tr><tr><td>Tools &#8211; JUnit, TestNG, Testsigma, etc.&nbsp;</td><td>Tools &#8211; Testsigma, Selenium, etc.</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>



If you think acceptance and system testing are the same, you might be wrong. Learn the key differences between <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/acceptance-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">acceptance testing and system testing</a>.



<h2 id="h-unit-testing-vs-acceptance-testing-how-to-automate-with-testsigma">Unit testing vs Acceptance Testing &#8211; How to Automate with Testsigma</h2>



Automation is the key to any robust testing strategy. You can automate your entire acceptance testing process using a test automation platform like Testsigma for faster and more efficient testing.&nbsp;



A testing strategy that could manually take months to complete can be done in a day or week span with automated testing. You can make your testing up to 10x faster and more efficient with a robust test automation tool like Testsigma.&nbsp;



Some of the core benefits of Testsigma are as follows,



<ul><li>Automate your web, mobile, desktop, and API testing in one place.</li><li>Run different types of software testing in a single platform. That is, you can run UI, functional, cross-browser, portability, integration, regression testing, and more in one place.</li><li>It provides AI capabilities like in-built test case management, self-healing, etc.</li><li>No need for extensive coding skills. Testsigma makes the test case creation process easy and efficient with NLPs. That is, users can create test cases using plain English. For example, Navigate to <a href="https://testsigma.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">www.testsigma.com</a> (an NLP) will navigate to the URL.</li><li>Perfect for both scriptless and script-based test automation.</li><li>Accessible for both technical and non-technical users.</li></ul>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter is-resized"><img loading="lazy" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/GTc2V5Ith5p6maGcrCTYGZp_Tjf8CzPixx-9wyn6IxouXEY5I6rnEz7Tmm0MBoT7HZoLD-LHCCjh1UyGFZpi9Tm5rSpAEVDBcv18L5KftJBk3U5Urz-5NZAAn4IZBfiD0fxC641wM3kgw6qc7ZR3W24" alt="Testsigma for test automation" width="800" height="365" /></figure></div>



<a href="https://testsigma.com/automated-web-application-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Automate your web testing</a> across 3000+ real devices/tablets and 1000+ browser/OS combos using Testsigma.&nbsp;



 <button class="btn bg-primary cta-btn" style="margin: auto"><a href="https://testsigma.com/signup" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color:#fff">Sign up for a free trial and start automating your web, mobile, desktop, and API tests in less than 2 minutes.</a></button> 



<h2 id="h-conclusion">Conclusion</h2>



The dynamic interplay between acceptance testing and unit testing plays a pivotal role in shaping the reliability and quality of the final product. As we&#8217;ve explored the nuances of these two distinct testing methodologies, it becomes evident that they are complementary forces working in tandem to ensure a robust and user-friendly software solution.



By embracing both tests, companies can build products that meet technical specifications and exceed user expectations.



<h2 id="h-frequently-asked-questions">Frequently Asked Questions</h2>



<h3 id="h-what-are-unit-testing-system-testing-and-acceptance-testing">What are unit testing, system testing, and acceptance testing?</h3>



<ul><li>Unit testing is the process of testing individual units or components of a software application in isolation to ensure their correctness.</li><li><a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/system-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">System testing</a> is the process of testing the entire software application, including integrated components, to validate its functionality and performance.</li><li>Acceptance testing evaluates the software system&#8217;s functionality and performance to ensure it meets business requirements and is ready for deployment, often involving end-users to validate user acceptance.</li></ul>



<h3 id="h-what-is-the-difference-between-acceptance-testing-and-integration-testing">What is the difference between acceptance testing and integration testing?</h3>



<ul><li>Acceptance testing helps evaluate if the entire software system meets specified requirements from an end-user perspective.</li><li>Integration testing helps verify the interaction between different components or systems to ensure they work together as intended.</li></ul>

Unit Testing vs Acceptance Testing 10 Key Differences

Unit Testing vs Acceptance Testing: 10 Key Differences

Jira started out as an issue-tracking and project-management tool in 2002. Companies initially used Jira for bug tracking. But over the years, it has become a ubiquitous platform for businesses to manage projects and ensure collaboration. Yet one issue has remained constant since the beginning: Jira does not have an in-built testing infrastructure. So, you can feed the defect information but cannot reuse it for further testing processes in the tool. But the good part is Jira allows integrations with some of the top-rated test automation tools, including Testsigma, for complete test case management.



Let’s look at how you can write and manage <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/what-is-test-case/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">test cases</a> for Jira.



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets">Table Of Contents<ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_is_Jira">1 What is Jira?</a></li><li><a href="#How_to_Setup_Jira_for_Case_Testing">2 How to Setup Jira for Case Testing?</a></li><li><a href="#How_to_Create_Test_Cases_in_Jira">3 How to Create Test Cases in Jira?</a></li><li><a href="#Steps_for_Writing_Test_Cases_in_Jira">4 Steps for Writing Test Cases in Jira</a><ul><li><a href="#Step_1_Create_a_Test_Case_Issue_and_Keep_It_Active">4.1 Step 1. Create a Test Case Issue and Keep It Active</a></li><li><a href="#Step_2_Change_a_User_Story_to_Be_a_Test_Case">4.2 Step 2. Change a User Story to Be a Test Case</a></li><li><a href="#Step_3_Add_a_Testing_as_a_Status_in_Jira_Workflow">4.3 Step 3. Add a Testing as a Status in Jira Workflow</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Report_on_Test_Cases_in_Jira">5 Report on Test Cases in Jira</a><ul><li><ul><li><a href="#Dedicated_Test_Case_Management_Tool_with_Jira_Integration">5.0.1 Dedicated Test Case Management Tool with Jira Integration</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Problems_with_Writing_Test_Cases_in_Jira">6 Problems with Writing Test Cases in Jira</a></li><li><a href="#Advantages_of_using_Jira_for_Test_Case_Management">7 Advantages of using Jira for Test Case Management</a></li><li><a href="#Disadvantages_of_using_Jira_for_Test_Case_Management">8 Disadvantages of using Jira for Test Case Management</a></li><li><a href="#Conclusion">9 Conclusion</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions">10 Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li><a href="#Does_Jira_work_for_test_case_management">10.1 Does Jira work for test case management?</a></li><li><a href="#What_is_the_test_case_template_in_Jira">10.2 What is the test case template in Jira?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-what-is-jira">What is Jira?</h2>



Jira is a widely used project management and issue-tracking tool by Atlassian. It provides a versatile platform for teams to plan, track, and manage their work efficiently. Multiple in-built features, such as customizable dashboards, real-time collaboration, and detailed reporting, make Jira a fan-favorite of many top companies.



But what stands out in the tool is its integration capabilities, extensive plugin marketplace, and compatibility with agile methodologies. For instance, businesses can easily combine their test automation platforms with Jira for easy and quick test case management and bug reporting. Our focus will be on this particular feature of the tool throughout the blog.



<h2 id="h-how-to-setup-jira-for-case-testing">How to Setup Jira for Case Testing?</h2>



Jira does not have an inherent test case feature, but it has innumerable customization options. For case testing setup, we will use the Issue Type feature by creating a new custom issue that is specifically for case testing. Additionally, you will need to set up custom subtasks that testers can use to feed the test case results directly into Jira.



It is ideal to have your custom ‘Test Case’ issue type to have a summary, test case steps, and the expected results.



Once you have the vital information in place, let’s start with creating our custom issue type for case testing:



<ul><li>Go to Jira Settings by clicking on the gear icon in the top-right corner and selecting Issues. You will require admin access for this.</li><li>Under the Issues section, select Issue Types and click on the Add Issue Type button to create a Test Case issue.</li><li>Provide details for the new issue type, including description and icon.</li><li>Associate the new issue type with an issue type scheme. This determines which projects will use the new issue type. Go to Issue type schemes settings and click Edit on the Jira project you want to associate the issue type with.</li><li>Assign a field configuration to the issue type, specifying which fields will be available and required. Don’t forget to add a summary, test case steps, and the expected results. You will find it under Screen Settings to Add Screens.</li><li>After adding screens, go to Screen Schemes to add a screen scheme. This step is to add the screen scheme to the custom screen you created in the previous step.</li><li>Next, go to Issue type screen schemes. Look for the Jira project in which you want to use the new Issue type. Then, select Associate an issue type with a screen scheme, and select the new issue type (e.g. Test Case) and its Screen scheme. Lastly, click on Add.</li><li>And voila! You have successfully created a custom issue type for case testing with the necessary fields within the choice of your Jira project.</li><li>Verify by creating a test issue of the new type to check if it behaves as expected.</li></ul>



Next up, you have to create a custom subtask, Test Case Results, that QAs can use to log the test results directly.



Here are the steps to follow:



<ul><li>Follow the same first step to add the issue type. But this time, select Sub-Task Issue Type.</li><li>Re-trace the same steps. Add screens, select the fields for the subtask, add screen schemes, and select the previously created screen as default.</li><li>In the last step, when you are in the Issue type screen scheme, there is no need to create a new screen scheme. Look for the test case screen scheme set up prior and select Configure under Actions to Associate an issue type with a screen scheme.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-how-to-create-test-cases-in-jira">How to Create Test Cases in Jira?</h2>



Creating test cases in Jira is easy now that you have an issue type and the necessary fields to describe and log your tests. It is similar to creating a new task.



Go to your Jira account and click on Create. Pick the issue type as Test Case and enter the details in the available fields. Remember to provide the steps to recreate the defect and the expected results for the developers to fully understand the issue.



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter"><img src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/YSoH3CpAx6SpwHXygWcP0zgUMWtqPB7sAoDmzn9nWvGCAIRzznECwOhpt_JkCiKGxB7Lyw8k0kudNTdJO5EMYReqOzo_ZwCbL-jd6YQfT0CmyURD_p4zLaoQkxVv6npIUbgys4VihABaXP1kSXI3MpU" alt="Create Issue" /></figure></div>



Image source: <a href="https://marker.io/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">maker.io</a>



<h2 id="h-steps-for-writing-test-cases-in-jira">Steps for Writing Test Cases in Jira</h2>



All the essential elements are in place for you to start creating and managing test cases in Jira. The only thing left to do is start logging the issues.



<h3 id="h-step-1-create-a-test-case-issue-and-keep-it-active">Step 1. Create a Test Case Issue and Keep It Active</h3>



You can begin by creating a Jira task with the Issue Type Test Case that we made earlier. It will allow you to feed all the critical and important information about the issue in the task. However, there is a downside to this step. Jira tasks are not flexible. Once you create and publish it for everyone to see, it cannot be reused, which is a common practice in regression testing.



One way to tackle this is to keep the task open and update its description regularly with new tests that everyone in the project can follow.



<h3 id="h-step-2-change-a-user-story-to-be-a-test-case">Step 2. Change a User Story to Be a Test Case</h3>



Jira also enables users to create user stories, which you can use to serve as test cases. But again, these stories have the same problem as the tasks. Once they are pushed, you cannot use them to re-run the test cases.



<h3 id="h-step-3-add-a-testing-as-a-status-in-jira-workflow">Step 3. Add a Testing as a Status in Jira Workflow</h3>



Another way to handle tests in Jira is to add an extra status in the workflow, i.e., testing. When you add a Test Case issue type, which is still in the testing stage, keep the status as Testing. Once the process is over, mark it as Done or Closed.



But there might be cases where the tests are over, but the testing is still not done. So, you will have to find a workaround in that situation.



<h2 id="h-report-on-test-cases-in-jira">Report on Test Cases in Jira</h2>



The final round of testing is to prepare a comprehensive report that aids in analyzing and understanding the bugs. In Jira, you can rely on two ways for test reporting:



<ul><li>Writing it manually with all the necessary screenshots and steps</li></ul>



For this approach, you need to make a child issue to the parent issue, i.e., the test case.&nbsp;



Click on Add a Child Issue and choose Test Case Results, which we created in the earlier section. Next, enter all your findings along with relevant screenshots and steps to help everyone relate the results with the right test case. This way of reporting simple but comes with a few disadvantages: it is manual, requires developers to keep switching between Jira and their application, and demands technical skills to log issues. Opting for an automated approach is the alternative here.



<ul><li>Integrating a third-party tool with the host to do all the reporting work automatically</li></ul>



Since Jira does not offer support for test case reporting automatically, a bug reporting tool takes the lead here. A well-thought integration with the right tool for case testing and bug reporting for Jira will assist both testers and developers in easily doing their work.



<h4 id="h-dedicated-test-case-management-tool-with-jira-integration">Dedicated Test Case Management Tool with Jira Integration</h4>



Testsigma is a dedicated <a href="https://testsigma.com/test-management-tools" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">test case management tool</a> and comes equipped with features to aid bug reporting in Jira. Our test automation tool enables QAs to:



<ul><li>Push bugs directly to Jira&#8217;s project</li><li>Capture screenshots, annotate bugs, and share them with your team</li><li>Follow your choice of test case template and re-produced bugs with the right steps to feed in Jira</li></ul>



<figure class="wp-block-image"><img src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/9gOvrpM1OFoD6M6Azp4bMUhuIiDu65ioAYFANLeEnk14xAC1YdRZ25hL1XEa2ORfdw737mqcP554RVAiWww4eFoL_dsDcwwceXrH39hw75x7UDp43erRaZ7BX_c8NHXjUGHLiI_8wMXfEUETWo5Wp5Y" alt="Bug reporting" /></figure>



<a href="https://testsigma.com/docs/integrations/bug-reporting/jira/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Integrate Testsigma with Jira</a> in a few easy steps to simplify your bug-reporting process.



But wait! That’s not all. Testsigma is a full-fledged web automated testing tool that provides end-to-end testing capabilities for mobile and API without coding.



 <button class="btn bg-primary cta-btn" style="margin: auto"><a href="https://testsigma.com/signup" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color:#fff">Sign up to experience the best of no-code automation testing with Testsigma</a></button> 



<h2 id="h-problems-with-writing-test-cases-in-jira">Problems with Writing Test Cases in Jira</h2>



Every step we discussed that pertains to writing test cases in Jira has encountered a problem. It is a highly manual process, does not support re-running of test cases, and requires time and skill to create a single test case.



Jira is a dedicated project management tool, and even though there are ways you can make writing test cases possible within Jira, it is not good practice to do so.



<h2 id="h-advantages-of-using-jira-for-test-case-management">Advantages of using Jira for Test Case Management</h2>



Despite all the backlogs Jira has when it comes to test case management, there exist a few advantages that must not be overlooked.



<ul><li>Jira provides a centralized repository for storing and organizing test cases. This centralization ensures easy access, version control, and efficient management of test artifacts.</li><li>Seamless integration between Jira and development tools streamlines communication between testing and development teams.</li><li>Jira offers robust traceability features, linking test cases to requirements, user stories, and defects.</li><li>Jira supports agile and Scrum methodologies, allowing testing teams to align with iterative development cycles.</li><li>Teams can design custom workflows in Jira to reflect their specific testing processes, incorporating stages for planning, execution, <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-case-review/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">test case review</a>, and closure.</li><li>Jira provides real-time visibility into testing progress through customizable dashboards and reports.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-disadvantages-of-using-jira-for-test-case-management">Disadvantages of using Jira for Test Case Management</h2>



Let’s look at some of the disadvantages as well.



<ul><li>Jira&#8217;s extensive customization options can lead to complexity during initial setup. Teams may face challenges in configuring workflows, screens, and issue types.</li><li>Jira can be resource-intensive, especially in instances with a large number of projects, issues, or concurrent users.</li><li>While customization is a strength, excessive customization can lead to maintenance challenges. Constantly changing configurations may create dependencies and impact the stability of the testing environment.</li><li>Jira&#8217;s native test management features are basic compared to specialized test management tools. Advanced test case management functionalities, such as test case design, traceability matrices, and test execution analytics, may require additional plugins or integration with dedicated test management tools.</li><li>The feature-rich interface of Jira can overwhelm users, especially those focused primarily on test case management.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-conclusion">Conclusion</h2>



The Jira project management tool can serve as a test case management and bug-tracking tool. But when the stakes are high, it is not always the right way to go. There are multiple ways you can use Jira for your testing purposes, and the majority of them include improving collaboration and focusing on getting the right information across to the developers.



If you wish to use Jira as a case management tool, this blog can help you get a hold of the tool’s capability in every way. Alternatively, multiple integration possibilities exist as well. But no matter your choice, remember to focus on creating a clear and concise test case report that captures as much information as possible.



<h2 id="h-frequently-asked-questions">Frequently Asked Questions</h2>



<h3 id="h-does-jira-work-for-test-case-management">Does Jira work for test case management?</h3>



Yes, Jira can be used for test case management. It provides a flexible and customizable platform that supports various testing methodologies, including manual and automated testing. The latter is done using third-party integrations.



<h3 id="h-what-is-the-test-case-template-in-jira">What is the test case template in Jira?</h3>



In Jira, a test case template serves as a predefined structure or blueprint for creating test cases with consistent formatting and information. This template includes standard sections, fields, and steps that testers can use as a starting point when designing test cases.Particularly, a <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-case-template/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">test case template</a> in Jira would be a new issue type that we created in this blog in one of the sections.