What is Exploratory Testing? | How to Do & Best Practices


<p>User Acceptance Testing (UAT) and Usability Testing &#8211; these terms might sound similar but different. This blog will guide you about User Acceptance Testing vs. Usability Testing.</p>



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets"><p class="toc_title">Table Of Contents</p><ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#User_Acceptance_Testing_vs_Usability_Testing_8211_Overview"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">1</span> User Acceptance Testing vs Usability Testing &#8211; Overview</a><ul><li><a href="#What_is_Usability_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">1.1</span> What is Usability Testing?</a></li><li><a href="#What_is_User_Acceptance_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">1.2</span> What is User Acceptance Testing?</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#User_Acceptance_Testing_vs_Usability_Testing_8211_Key_Differences"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">2</span> User Acceptance Testing vs Usability Testing &#8211; Key Differences</a></li><li><a href="#User_Acceptance_Testing_vs_Usability_Testing_8211_Can_they_be_automated"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">3</span> User Acceptance Testing vs Usability Testing &#8211; Can they be automated?</a></li><li><a href="#Summary"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">4</span> Summary</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">5</span> Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li><a href="#Is_UAT_a_usability_testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">5.1</span> Is UAT , a usability testing?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="user-acceptance-testing-vs-usability-testing-overview"><span id="User_Acceptance_Testing_vs_Usability_Testing_8211_Overview"><strong>User Acceptance Testing vs Usability Testing &#8211; Overview</strong></span></h2>



<h3 id="h-what-is-usability-testing"><span id="What_is_Usability_Testing">What is Usability Testing?</span></h3>



<p>Usability testing is when people try out a product, website, or app to see how easy it is. The testing aims to identify users&#8217; issues or problems while using the product. Usability testing can help improve the overall user experience and increase customer satisfaction. </p>



<p>During usability testing, participants are given specific tasks to complete while using the product. The testers observe and take notes on how the participants interact with the product, noting any areas of confusion or difficulty. </p>



<p>After the testing, the results are analyzed, and changes can be made to improve the product&#8217;s usability. Usability testing can be done at any stage of the product development process, from early prototypes to finished products.</p>



<p>For example, a company has developed a new mobile app. Before launching it to the public, they conduct usability testing by inviting individuals to use the app and provide feedback. The testers are given specific tasks to complete, and their interactions with the app are observed and recorded. The company can make necessary changes based on feedback to improve the app&#8217;s usability and ensure a better user experience.</p>



<p><strong>Read all about &#8211; </strong><a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/usability-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><strong>Usability Testing</strong></a>.</p>



<h3 id="h-what-is-user-acceptance-testing"><span id="What_is_User_Acceptance_Testing">What is User Acceptance Testing?</span></h3>



<p>User Acceptance Testing (UAT) is testing that end-users or customers perform to ensure that the software or application meets their specific requirements and expectations. It is usually the last testing stage before the product is released. </p>



<p>During UAT, users go through required test scenarios and perform various tasks and actions to ensure the software works in different scenarios. They also report any issues or bugs they encounter during testing, and then the team works on fixing those issues.</p>



<p><strong>Read all about &#8211; <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/uat-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">User Acceptance Testing</a></strong></p>



<p>In summary, the development team should carry out UAT during the final stages of preparation before releasing the software to the end users.</p>



<h2 id="h-user-acceptance-testing-vs-usability-testing-key-differences"><span id="User_Acceptance_Testing_vs_Usability_Testing_8211_Key_Differences"><strong><strong>User Acceptance Testing vs Usability Testing</strong></strong> &#8211; <strong>Key Differences</strong></span></h2>



<figure class="wp-block-table aligncenter"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Feat<strong>ures</strong>                                                         </strong></td><td><strong>Usability Testing</strong></td><td><strong>UAT</strong></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Definition</strong></td><td>Evaluates software&#8217;s ease of use and efficiency, including its interface, navigation, and user experience elements.</td><td>Verifies and validates that the software meets the user&#8217;s requirements and functions as intended in terms of functionality, usability, and performance.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Goal</strong></td><td>Identify usability issues and enhance the software&#8217;s design and user experience.</td><td>Ensure that the software meets the business requirements and achieves the desired outcomes.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Testing time</strong></td><td>It is done at all stages of software development.</td><td>This testing is conducted towards the end of the software development life cycle.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Testers</strong></td><td>Usability experts, UI designers, and end-users who may interact with the software.</td><td>Actual end-users, business representatives, or subject matter experts who will perform real-world tasks.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Feedback</strong></td><td>Focuses on subjective feedback, including user satisfaction, frustration, and experience.</td><td>Focused on objective feedback, including defects, issues, and discrepancies.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Tools</strong></td><td>Various tools, such as mockups, <a href="https://www.figma.com/resource-library/what-is-wireframing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">wireframes</a>, and design prototypes to observe user interactions and record observations.</td><td>Test management software, test automation frameworks, and API testing tools to verify functionality and check for defects.</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>



<h2 id="h-user-acceptance-testing-vs-usability-testing-can-they-be-automated"><span id="User_Acceptance_Testing_vs_Usability_Testing_8211_Can_they_be_automated"><strong>User Acceptance Testing vs Usability Testing</strong> &#8211; <strong>Can they be automated?</strong></span></h2>



<p>Some aspects of User Acceptance Testing (UAT) and <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/usability-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Usability Testing</a> can be automated using various testing tools, notably the software&#8217;s user interface (UI) component. However, it is necessary to note that both UAT and Usability Testing rely heavily on subjective evaluation by human testers, which makes complete automation difficult. </p>



<p>For example, <a href="https://testsigma.com/user-interface-testing-tools" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">UI testing tools</a> like Selenium or Testsigma can automate functional testing in UAT and simulate user interactions for Usability Testing. These tools can check if the software functions as intended and whether the user interface meets the usability standards.</p>



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<h2 id="h-summary"><span id="Summary"><strong>Summary</strong></span></h2>



<p>Alright, folks! So, we&#8217;ve talked about UAT, Usability Testing, the differences between User Acceptance Testing and Usability Testing, and how important they are for a successful product launch. </p>



<p>User Acceptance Testing aims to ensure that the product meets stakeholders&#8217; requirements, while Usability Testing aims to ensure the product is easy and intuitive for end-users. And lastly, we also discussed some tools that can help us automate some UI tests that would be executed as part of usability and UAT testing. </p>



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<p></p>



<h2 id="h-frequently-asked-questions"><span id="Frequently_Asked_Questions"><strong>Frequently Asked Questions</strong></span></h2>



<h3 id="is-uat-a-usability-testing"><span id="Is_UAT_a_usability_testing">Is UAT , a usability testing?</span></h3>



<p>Yes, UAT (User Acceptance Testing) is a type of usability testing that involves end-users evaluating a system to ensure it meets their needs and requirements.</p>



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user acceptance testing vs usability testing

User Acceptance Testing vs Usability Testing


<p><a href="https://testsigma.com/automated-api-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">API testing</a> is essential to ensure that APIs are functionally correct and reliable. This article aims to introduce performance testing for APIs.</p>



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets"><p class="toc_title">Table Of Contents</p><ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_is_API_Performance_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">1</span> What is API Performance Testing?</a></li><li><a href="#Why_Performance_Test_Your_API"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">2</span> Why Performance Test Your API?</a></li><li><a href="#API_Performance_Testing_Types"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">3</span> API Performance Testing Types</a></li><li><a href="#Ways_of_Measuring_Your_API8217s_Performance"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">4</span> Ways of Measuring Your API&#8217;s Performance</a><ul><li><a href="#Passive_API_Monitoring"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">4.1</span> Passive API Monitoring</a></li><li><a href="#Active_API_Monitoring"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">4.2</span> Active API Monitoring</a></li><li><a href="#API_Load_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">4.3</span> API Load Testing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Recommendations_for_API_performance_testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">5</span> Recommendations for API performance testing</a></li><li><a href="#Conclusion"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">6</span> Conclusion</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">7</span> Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li><a href="#Which_tool_is_best_for_API_performance_testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">7.1</span> Which tool is best for API performance testing?</a></li><li><a href="#What_is_the_difference_between_API_load_testing_and_performance_testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">7.2</span> What is the difference between API load testing and performance testing?</a></li><li><a href="#How_do_I_test_REST_API_performance"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">7.3</span> How do I test REST API performance?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-what-is-api-performance-testing"><span id="What_is_API_Performance_Testing"><strong>What is API Performance Testing?</strong></span></h2>



<p>API performance testing evaluates an application programming interface (API) to assess its ability to handle high loads. Also, to maintain high-performance levels under varying conditions.</p>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" src="https://testsigma.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/api-performance-testing_in-article.jpg" alt="API Performance Testing" class="wp-image-27944" width="600" height="400" /></figure></div>



<p>Here are some key points related to API performance testing, that you know about:</p>



<ol><li><strong>Goal of API performance testing</strong>: API performance testing evaluates the API&#8217;s responsiveness, throughput, resource utilization, and scalability. This ensures it can meet the expected load and maintain stability and reliability.</li><li><strong>Environment’s role in testing</strong>: Testers simulate high loads and extreme conditions to analyze the API&#8217;s performance. Tester also tests if it is scalable and optimized to handle such loads.</li><li><strong>Various Testing methods</strong>: Testers use performance testing tools that simulate user loads, monitor network traffic, analyze response times &amp; other metrics, and identify bottlenecks.</li><li><strong>Metrics</strong>: Testers measure the API&#8217;s performance based on various metrics, including response times, request volumes, error rates, and other characteristics associated with the application and user behavior.</li><li><strong>Importance</strong>: API performance testing helps improve the application&#8217;s overall performance and stability.</li><li><strong>Role of Analysis and reporting</strong>: Testers analyze API performance data and generate reports. It provides valuable insights into the API&#8217;s overall performance, identifying areas of strength and weakness.</li></ol>



<h2 id="h-why-performance-test-your-api"><span id="Why_Performance_Test_Your_API"><strong>Why Performance Test Your API?</strong></span></h2>



<p>When learning something new, asking a &#8220;why&#8221; question is beneficial. Doing so can help to facilitate further research and understanding. Today, as we learn about API performance testing, it is essential to recognize the significance of this process.</p>



<ol><li>It can help you identify and troubleshoot bottlenecks, discover performance issues, determine the impact of changes, and measure overall performance.</li><li>It can also help you understand how your API will handle different types of traffic. This enables you to anticipate and plan for peak loads.</li><li>By testing your API before deployment, you can ensure that your API is flexible and can handle the demands of the real world.</li></ol>



<h2 id="h-api-performance-testing-types"><span id="API_Performance_Testing_Types"><strong>API Performance Testing Types</strong></span></h2>



<p>It is time to learn about the various types of API performance testing. Here we go:</p>



<ol><li><a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/load-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Load Testing</a>: In this testing, the maximum operating capacity of the application was identified. The testing involved analyzing the application&#8217;s performance when exposed to a specific load.</li><li>Endurance Testing: The stability and reliability of an application are set through Endurance Testing, also known as <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/soak-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Soak Testing</a>. It helps to determine if the application can handle continuous usage without any problems for long durations.</li><li><a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/software-stress-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Stress Testing</a>: We understand how an application behaves when pushed further to its normal capacity by performing stress testing. It helps to identify the breaking point of an application and determine if it can handle extreme loads.</li><li>Spike Testing: This type of performance testing evaluates how an application responds when a sudden increase or decrease in user load. This often happens during promotional campaigns or holidays.</li><li><a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/volume-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Volume Testing</a>: This type of performance testing evaluates how an application performs when large amounts of data are processed simultaneously. It can happen during data migration or bulk uploads/downloads from databases.</li></ol>



<h2 id="h-ways-of-measuring-your-api-s-performance"><span id="Ways_of_Measuring_Your_API8217s_Performance"><strong>Ways of Measuring Your API&#8217;s Performance</strong></span></h2>



<p>API performance can be measured by:</p>



<ul><li>Tracking response times,</li><li>Monitoring errors and latency,</li><li>Testing for scalability, and</li><li>at last, is using analytics tools to track usage.</li></ul>



<p><strong>Let&#8217;s have a look at these metrics briefly.</strong></p>



<ol><li>Response time is one of the most important metrics for measuring API performance. Because it provides insight into how quickly the API can respond to requests.</li><li>Monitoring errors and latency can also provide valuable insights into the performance of the API. Tracking errors allows testers to identify user experience issues and ensure that the API functions consistently and correctly.</li><li>Testing for scalability allows you to ensure that your API can handle increased traffic or usage without becoming overloaded. (Slowing down)</li><li>Finally, the analytics tools can track usage patterns. This helps to identify areas for improvement.</li></ol>



<p>By utilizing these methods, you can better understand your API&#8217;s performance and make any required adjustments to improve its performance.</p>



<h3 id="h-passive-api-monitoring"><span id="Passive_API_Monitoring"><strong>Passive API Monitoring</strong></span></h3>



<p>Passive API monitoring analyzes the network traffic and data transactions within an API to identify potential issues, bottlenecks, and security threats. Unlike active testing, passive monitoring does not involve sending traffic to the server, reducing the risk of introducing unintended consequences.</p>



<p>For example, One example of passive API monitoring involves using network monitoring tools to capture and analyze network traffic in real time. This approach enables testers to gather information about</p>



<ul><li>the API&#8217;s behavior,</li><li>including the number of requests,</li><li>the response time, and</li><li>shared data.</li></ul>



<p>Testers can use this data to identify performance issues, network lag, or other performance issues and investigate the potential causes to address them.</p>



<p>So if you want to ensure that your APIs are operating smoothly and efficiently, consider using passive API monitoring as part of your solution.</p>



<h3 id="h-active-api-monitoring"><span id="Active_API_Monitoring"><strong>Active API Monitoring</strong></span></h3>



<p>Active API monitoring sends traffic to the server to determine how it responds to different requests under different load conditions. Unlike passive monitoring, active monitoring involves</p>



<ul><li>generating traffic by running automated tests,</li><li>simulating user behavior or scenarios, and</li><li>monitoring the results in real time.</li></ul>



<p>It provides rich metrics on the application&#8217;s behavior and can help testers identify areas requiring detailed analysis.</p>



<p>Here is an example that explains Active API monitoring easily.</p>



<p>Let&#8217;s say you are a tester working on a <a href="https://testsigma.com/mobile-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">mobile app </a>that relies heavily on an API to fetch data from an external server. You have implemented Active API monitoring to ensure the API is always available and functioning correctly. </p>



<p>To do this, you have set up a monitoring system that sends ten requests to the API every second. The monitoring system checks if the API responds correctly and if the response time is within acceptable limits. </p>



<p>If the monitoring system detects issues, such as the API taking too long to respond or returning errors, it immediately triggers an alert. This alert can be an email or a Slack message to the development team, notifying them of the issue. </p>



<p>The testers can then investigate and fix the issue before it causes any major problems for mobile app users. This helps ensure that the app provides a seamless experience for users at a decent load, with minimal disruption caused by backend issues.</p>



<h3 id="h-api-load-testing"><span id="API_Load_Testing"><strong>API Load Testing</strong></span></h3>



<p>In software development, load tests simulate the number of users accessing a system or service. For example, load tests can be used to evaluate the performance of a website or application under different user loads. To put it in simple words,</p>



<ul><li>API load testing ensures the API can handle the expected traffic levels during peak usage.</li><li>This helps reduce the risk of service trouble or performance degradation when the API is used in high-volume applications.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-recommendations-for-api-performance-testing"><span id="Recommendations_for_API_performance_testing"><strong>Recommendations for</strong><strong> API performance testing</strong></span></h2>



<p>Here are some recommendations for API performance testing that will help ensure that the APIs are reliable, responsive, and readily available.</p>



<ol><li><strong>Decide the testing strategy according to the type of application</strong>: Different applications require different performance levels and <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/the-different-software-testing-types-explained/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">testing types</a>. For example, a video streaming service may need to test against high network throughput, while a financial trading platform may need to test against low latency.</li><li><strong>Understand the end-to-end flow of the application</strong>: This is essential to get an accurate picture of overall performance. This will help ensure no bottlenecks or disconnects along the way.</li><li><strong>Remember the underlying technology</strong>: API performance testing can reveal issues with underlying technologies, such as hardware or software, that could affect performance. For example, if an API is running on a server with outdated hardware, it could cause slowdowns or crashes in the API.</li><li><strong>Test in different conditions</strong>: It&#8217;s essential to test under various conditions, including network conditions (e.g., WiFi vs. cellular), device settings (e.g., tablet vs. desktop), and time of day (e.g., peak vs. off-peak).</li></ol>



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<h2 id="h-conclusion"><span id="Conclusion"><strong>Conclusion</strong></span></h2>



<p>API performance testing allows developers to ensure that their APIs can handle the load and are reliable and secure. Testers and developers can create an effective API performance testing plan by following the steps outlined in this guide. With a well-designed testing plan, developers can ensure that their APIs are performing to their best potential. This provides a great user experience.</p>



<h2 id="h-frequently-asked-questions"><span id="Frequently_Asked_Questions"><strong>Frequently Asked Questions</strong></span></h2>



<h3 id="h-which-tool-is-best-for-api-performance-testing"><span id="Which_tool_is_best_for_API_performance_testing">Which tool is best for API performance testing?</span></h3>



<p>Various tools are available for API performance testing, and the best tool for you will depend on your specific needs, expertise, and budget. The most popular tools include Postman, LoadRunner, SoapUI, and Apache JMeter.</p>



<h3 id="h-what-is-the-difference-between-api-load-testing-and-performance-testing"><span id="What_is_the_difference_between_API_load_testing_and_performance_testing">What is the difference between API load testing and <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/performance-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">performance testing</a>?</span></h3>



<p>API load testing focuses on testing the performance of the API under varying levels of load, while performance testing focuses on ensuring the application meets specific performance criteria.</p>



<h3 id="h-how-do-i-test-rest-api-performance"><span id="How_do_I_test_REST_API_performance">How do I test REST API performance?</span></h3>



<p>Testing REST API performance involves several steps, including: </p>



<p>1. Identify Performance Metrics </p>



<p>2. Choose a Testing Tool </p>



<p>3. Define a <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-plan/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Test Plan </a></p>



<p>4. Set Up <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-environment/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Test Environment </a></p>



<p>5. Execute <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/what-is-test-case/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Test Cases </a></p>



<p>6. Analyze Results </p>



<p>7. Optimize Performance</p>


API Performance Testing A Step-by-Step Guide

API Performance Testing: A Step-by-Step Guide


<p>Test case design techniques are the key to planning, designing, and implementing tests for software applications. These techniques involve various steps that aim to ensure the effectiveness of test cases in uncovering bugs or other defects in software programs. This blog post will review all these techniques, including their pros and cons and when to use them.</p>



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets"><p class="toc_title">Table Of Contents</p><ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#Test_Case_Design_Techniques"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">1</span> Test Case Design Techniques</a></li><li><a href="#A_basic_example_of_test_case_design"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">2</span> A basic example of test case design</a></li><li><a href="#What_are_the_types_of_test_case_design_techniques"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">3</span> What are the types of test case design techniques?</a><ul><li><a href="#1_Specification-Based_or_Black-Box_techniques"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">3.1</span> 1. Specification-Based or Black-Box techniques</a></li><li><a href="#2_Structure-Based_or_White-Box_techniques"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">3.2</span> 2. Structure-Based or White-Box techniques</a></li><li><a href="#Experience-Based_techniques"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">3.3</span> Experience-Based techniques</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Test_Case_Software_for_managing_Test_Cases"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">4</span> Test Case Software for managing Test Cases</a></li><li><a href="#Can_these_designs_be_helpful_while_automating_your_tests"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">5</span> Can these designs be helpful while automating your tests?</a></li><li><a href="#Summary"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">6</span> Summary</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">7</span> Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li><a href="#Why_are_test_case_design_techniques_used"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">7.1</span> Why are test case design techniques used?</a></li><li><a href="#What_are_the_advantages_of_test_case_design_techniques"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">7.2</span> What are the advantages of test case design techniques?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-test-case-design-techniques"><span id="Test_Case_Design_Techniques"><strong>Test Case Design Techniques</strong></span></h2>



<p>There are tons of different ways to design your test cases. These techniques help you test all your software&#8217;s features and functions efficiently.</p>



<h2 id="h-a-basic-example-of-test-case-design"><span id="A_basic_example_of_test_case_design"><strong>A basic example of test case design</strong></span></h2>



<p>Let us consider any e-commerce app or website (like Amazon or Flipkart) for test case design. We want to ensure users can quickly checkout and make payments without issues. Here we test for 1 product in the cart; we will see later that this test case design technique is a boundary value analysis technique.</p>



<p><strong>Title:</strong> Test that user can complete the checkout process when there is 1 item in the card. </p>



<p><strong>Description:</strong> Ensure users can checkout and make payments without issues on the website/app </p>



<p><strong>Preconditions: </strong>The user is already logged in </p>



<p><strong>Assumptions:</strong> They are using a supported device or browser to log in. </p>



<p><p style="padding-top:30px"><strong>Test Steps:</strong></p></p>



<ol><li>Open the app/website.</li><li>Go to 1 product</li><li>Add the product to the cart.</li><li>Check out the item in the cart.</li><li>Add address information for delivery</li><li>Add payment information</li><li>Complete the checkout process.</li></ol>



<p><p style="padding-top:15px"><strong>Expected Result</strong>: The checkout process should be complete, and the user should receive confirmation.</p></p>



<h2 id="h-what-are-the-types-of-test-case-design-techniques"><span id="What_are_the_types_of_test_case_design_techniques"><strong>What are the types of test case design techniques?</strong></span></h2>



<p>These test case design techniques can be classified into three major groups:</p>



<h3 id="h-1-specification-based-or-black-box-techniques"><span id="1_Specification-Based_or_Black-Box_techniques">1. <strong>Specification-Based or Black-Box techniques</strong></span></h3>



<p>Specification-based testing, also known as black-box testing, is a testing technique that focuses on testing the software system based on its functional requirements and specifications without any knowledge about the underlying code or system structure.</p>



<ol><li><strong>Boundary Value Analysis (BVA)</strong> identifies errors at the input domain&#8217;s boundary. A simple example of boundary value analysis would be testing a text box that requires the user to enter a number between 1 and 10. In this case, the boundary values would be 1 and 10, and we would test with values that are just above, at, and just below these boundaries.<br><br><strong> Example: </strong>We would test with 0, 1, 2, 9, 10, and 11. We can expect that errors or defects are most likely to occur at or near the boundary values. Identifying these issues early can help prevent them from causing problems later in the software development process.<br></li><li><strong>Equivalence Partitioning (EP)</strong> is another technique that helps reduce the required test cases. By partitioning test input data into classes with an equivalent number of data, one can design test cases for each class or partition. This technique ensures that one thoroughly tests the software while minimizing the required test cases. <br><br><strong>Example</strong>: If a program requires an input of numbers between 1 and 100, an EP test would include a range of values, such as 1-50 and 51-100, and numbers outside that range, such as -1 or 101. Testing one value from each partition is sufficient to test all values within that partition.<br></li><li><strong><a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/decision-table-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Decision Table Testing</a></strong> is a technique that involves designing test cases based on decision tables formulated using different combinations of inputs and their corresponding outputs based on various conditions and scenarios sticking to other business rules. This technique ensures that we test the software thoroughly and accurately. <br><br><strong>Example</strong>: If a program offers discounts based on the type of customer and the amount spent, a decision table would list all possible combinations of customer types and the amount paid to receive a discount. Each cell in the table would specify the value that should be applied. Testers can ensure the program behaves correctly under various scenarios by testing all combinations.<br></li><li>Developers use<strong> State Transition Diagrams(STD)</strong> to test software with a finite number of states of different types. A set of rules that define the response to various inputs guides the transition from one state to another. This technique is handy for systems with specific workflows within them. <br><br><strong>Example</strong>: Consider an e-commerce website that has different states such as &#8220;logged out,&#8221; &#8220;logged in,&#8221; &#8220;cart empty,&#8221; &#8220;cart not empty,&#8221; and &#8220;order placed.&#8221; The transitions between the states would be triggered by login in and logout, adding the product to the cart, removing the product from the cart, proceeding to checkout, etc. An STD can help visualize and test such complex states and transitions in a system.<br></li><li><strong>Use Case Testing</strong> involves designing test cases to execute different business scenarios and end-user functionalities. <br><br><strong>Example</strong>: A use case could be a &#8220;student enrolling in a course&#8221; on an academic website. Test cases would simulate the enrollment process and verify the system&#8217;s response from a student&#8217;s perspective.</li></ol>



<h3 id="h-2-structure-based-or-white-box-techniques"><span id="2_Structure-Based_or_White-Box_techniques">2. <strong>Structure-Based or White-Box techniques</strong></span></h3>



<p>Structure-based testing, also known as white-box testing, is a testing technique that involves the testing of internal structures or components of software applications. In this approach, the tests interact with the code directly. These tests are designed to ensure the code works correctly and efficiently.</p>



<ol><li><strong>Statement Testing and Coverage</strong> is a technique that involves executing all the executable statements in the source code at least once. We then calculate the percentage of executable statements as per the given requirement. <br><br><strong>Example</strong>: Consider code that inputs two numbers and checks if the first number is greater than or equal to the second. A statement coverage test would verify that both the &#8220;greater than&#8221; and &#8220;equal to&#8221; statements are executed during testing to ensure that all code branches are covered.<br></li><li><strong>Decision Testing Coverage</strong>, also known as branch coverage, validates all the branches in the code by executing each possible branch from each decision point at least once. This helps ensure that no branch leads to unexpected application behavior. <br><br><strong>Example</strong>: If a program requires an input of a number between 1 and 100 and uses an &#8220;if/else&#8221; statement to check if the number is even, decision testing coverage would ensure that both the even and odd outcomes have been tested to confirm all possible scenarios have been checked.<br></li><li><strong>Condition Testing</strong>, also known as Predicate coverage testing. It involves evaluating each Boolean expression in the code and checking its output values, TRUE or FALSE, against the expected outcomes. This test checks all outcomes at least once to achieve 100% code coverage. We design test cases that make it easy to execute the condition outcomes. <br><br><strong>Example</strong>: If a program determines whether a user is eligible for a discount based on age, condition testing would verify that the code handles each age group accurately. It would test age values such as one less than, one more than, and within the age range requirement to evaluate if the code performs as expected.<br></li><li><strong>Multiple Condition Testing</strong> aims to test different combinations of conditions to achieve 100% coverage. This technique requires two or more test scripts, which may require more effort. <br><br><strong>Example</strong>: If a program uses an &#8220;if/else&#8221; statement to check age and gender to provide a discount, multiple condition testing would verify that the program handles all possible scenarios correctly. It would test various age ranges and gender combinations to ensure the code performs accurately for all possibilities.<br></li><li><strong>All Path Testing </strong>leverages the source code of a program to find every executable path. <br><br><strong>Example</strong>: If a program asks a user for two inputs (A and B) and has multiple conditions, All Path Testing would ensure that each condition is tested independently. The technique would test all combinations of A and B, including zero, negative, and positive Testings, to identify any potential errors in the code.</li></ol>



<p>By implementing these testing techniques, testers, and developers can ensure the testing code is thoroughly tested and free of unexpected behavior. Choosing the appropriate method based on the project&#8217;s specific requirements is critical.</p>



<h3 id="h-experience-based-techniques"><span id="Experience-Based_techniques"><strong>Experience-Based techniques</strong></span></h3>



<p>The experience-based techniques can be broadly categorized into the following types:</p>



<ul><li><strong>Error Guessing</strong> is a testing technique that relies on the testers&#8217; skill, intuition, and experience to anticipate potential errors in the product.</li><br><li>On the other hand, <strong>Exploratory Testing</strong> is a technique used to test applications without any formal documentation. This method is recommended once scripted testing has been executed when working on the software.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-test-case-software-for-managing-test-cases"><span id="Test_Case_Software_for_managing_Test_Cases"><strong>Test Case Software for managing Test Cases</strong></span></h2>



<p>To ensure accurate test case management, it is essential to utilize refined test case software. This tool helps craft detailed test cases and enables users to report bugs that may arise from any failed step quickly.</p>



<p>Its advanced features allow for creating complete reports through built-in filters, providing valuable insights that can be acted upon. This innovative software empowers teams to manage their testing processes and deliver high-quality results efficiently.</p>



<p><strong>Examples of these tools include:</strong></p>



<ol><li>TestRail: A web-based tool that helps to manage, track, and organize test cases.</li><li>Zephyr: A comprehensive test case management tool that integrates with Jira and offers real-time visibility into testing activity.</li><li>TestLink: An open-source <a href="https://testsigma.com/test-management-tools">test management tool</a> that handles multiple test plans, requirements, test cases, and test reports.</li><li>SpiraTest: A flexible and comprehensive test management platform that offers traceability, version control, and defect tracking.</li><li>qTest: A web-based test management tool that automates test scheduling, offers collaboration, and integrates with other testing tools.</li></ol>



<h2 id="h-can-these-designs-be-helpful-while-automating-your-tests"><span id="Can_these_designs_be_helpful_while_automating_your_tests"><strong>Can these designs be helpful while automating your tests?</strong></span></h2>



<p>Yes! Test case design techniques help to create a structured approach to test automation. When test cases are well designed, achieving better test automation results is easier, sooner.</p>



<p><strong><a href="https://testsigma.com/">Testsigma</a></strong> is a genAI-based, low-code test automation tool that enables teams to create test cases in simple English. With that, it also supports data-driven testing and enables testers to implement all the test case designs efficiently.</p>



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<p class="title">Automate your test cases in minutes with simple English statements and genAI. Try Testsigma for free</p>
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<h2 id="h-summary"><span id="Summary"><strong>Summary</strong></span></h2>



<p>In this blog, we learned about test case design techniques that are fundamental in ensuring the effectiveness and efficiency of software testing. Knowledge of these testing techniques can enhance the testers&#8217; ability to design smart test cases that will be able to identify potential defects, avoid common pitfalls, and assess the performance and functionality of different software systems, better.</p>



<h2 id="h-frequently-asked-questions"><span id="Frequently_Asked_Questions"><strong>Frequently Asked Questions</strong></span></h2>



<h3 id="h-why-are-test-case-design-techniques-used"><span id="Why_are_test_case_design_techniques_used"><strong>Why are test case design techniques used?</strong></span></h3>



<p>These techniques are employed to optimize the testing process by identifying critical Testing and reducing redundancy, thus allowing for the efficient allocation of resources.</p>



<h3 id="h-what-are-the-advantages-of-test-case-design-techniques"><span id="What_are_the_advantages_of_test_case_design_techniques"><strong>What are the advantages of test case design techniques?</strong></span></h3>



<ol><li>Test case design techniques provide a more structured approach to testing, resulting in comprehensive test coverage and higher-quality software.</li><li>Using these techniques, testers can identify complex scenarios, generate effective test data, and design test cases that evaluate full system functionality.</li><li>It helps reduce the risk of missed defects and ensures all software requirements are met.</li><li>These techniques support faster and more efficient testing, reducing costs and increasing software reliability.</li></ol>




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Test Case Design Techniques in Software Testing

The Keys to Successful User Acceptance Testing Best Practices to Follow

5 User Acceptance Testing Best Practices to Follow


<p>In this blog post, we&#8217;ll explain what mobile accessibility testing is and provide a simple example to help you understand the process. Make sure you go for the right tool and accomplish the testing.</p>



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets"><p class="toc_title">Table Of Contents</p><ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_is_Mobile_Accessibility_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">1</span> What is Mobile Accessibility Testing?</a></li><li><a href="#Why_is_Mobile_Accessibility_Testing_Important"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">2</span> Why is Mobile Accessibility Testing Important?</a></li><li><a href="#Need_for_Mobile_Accessibility_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">3</span> Need for Mobile Accessibility Testing</a></li><li><a href="#Tools_for_Mobile_Accessibility_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">4</span> Tools for Mobile Accessibility Testing</a><ul><li><a href="#For_iOS"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">4.1</span> For iOS</a><ul><li><a href="#For_Android"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_3">4.1.1</span> For Android</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="#5Step_Checklist_to_achieve_Mobile_App_Accessibility"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">5</span> 5–Step Checklist to achieve Mobile App Accessibility</a></li><li><a href="#Summary"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">6</span> Summary</a></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-what-is-mobile-accessibility-testing"><span id="What_is_Mobile_Accessibility_Testing"><strong>What is Mobile Accessibility Testing?</strong></span></h2>



<p>Mobile accessibility testing ensures mobile apps and websites are accessible to individuals with disabilities. This includes various visual, auditory, cognitive, and physical disabilities. The goal of mobile accessibility testing is to guarantee that all users, regardless of their abilities or limitations, can access and use the features and content on these platforms comfortably and effectively.</p>



<p>Read more &#8211; <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/accessibility-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Accessibility Testing</a></p>



<h2 id="h-why-is-mobile-accessibility-testing-important"><span id="Why_is_Mobile_Accessibility_Testing_Important"><strong>Why is Mobile Accessibility Testing Important?</strong></span></h2>



<p>Mobile accessibility testing is necessary because it ensures mobile applications are accessible to users with disabilities. Inclusive design is essential for creating an environment where everyone can participate equally. It is the responsibility of developers and testers to make sure that mobile applications are accessible to everyone, regardless of their abilities.</p>



<h2 id="h-need-for-mobile-accessibility-testing"><span id="Need_for_Mobile_Accessibility_Testing"><strong>Need for Mobile Accessibility Testing</strong></span></h2>



<p>Have you ever visited a website or used an app you couldn&#8217;t access properly? Maybe the text needed to be bigger, or the colors needed to be brighter, making it difficult to read. Here comes</p>



<ol><li>It helps ensure that websites, applications, and digital products are usable by all people. This includes those with disabilities such as visual, hearing, and cognitive impairments.</li><li>It is essential for meeting legal requirements such as the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act. Check here &#8211; <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/ada-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">ADA Testing</a></li><li>This testing can help reduce the risk of lawsuits related to discrimination against people with disabilities.</li><li>It can help increase the overall usability of digital products, resulting in better user experiences and increased customer satisfaction.</li><li>This testing helps ensure digital products are accessible to users with diverse needs, such as those using assistive technologies or devices.</li><li>It  can help organizations meet their goals of providing inclusive digital products and services.</li><li>It  helps identify usability issues that may not be apparent to users without disabilities. This includes too tiny text or navigation elements that are difficult to access.</li><li>Incorporating mobile accessibility testing into an organization&#8217;s digital product development process can yield significant cost savings over time.</li><li>Mobile accessibility testing can help organizations improve their reputation and public perception.</li></ol>



<p>Read more &#8211; <a href="https://testsigma.com/tools/accessibility-testing-tools/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Accessibility Testing Tools</a></p>



<h2 id="h-tools-for-mobile-accessibility-testing"><span id="Tools_for_Mobile_Accessibility_Testing"><strong>Tools for Mobile Accessibility Testing</strong></span></h2>



<p>Mobile accessibility testing tools play a significant role in ensuring that mobile products are accessible and usable for everyone, including those with visual, auditory, cognitive, or motor impairments. When it comes to testing the accessibility of mobile apps for iOS, several tools can help.</p>



<h3 id="h-for-ios"><span id="For_iOS"><strong>For iOS</strong></span></h3>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter is-resized"><img loading="lazy" src="https://images.storychief.com/account_36412/image_f2984fc1a957d3f4de1546ee8dad7ce8_2000.png" alt="Mobile Accessibility Testing Tool For iOS" width="600" height="400"/></figure></div>



<ol><li><strong>VoiceOver</strong>: As a tester, one of the critical considerations during mobile accessibility testing is the mobile application&#8217;s compatibility with screen readers, such as VoiceOver. VoiceOver is a built-in screen reader for iOS devices that reads the screen&#8217;s content aloud. During testing, it is essential to ensure that the app is compatible with VoiceOver and provides auditory descriptions of on-screen elements, including buttons, icons, and text. The application should also enable users to navigate the app using gestures and voice commands. Testing VoiceOver compatibility is particularly important for users with visual impairments or those who prefer auditory feedback. VoiceOver allows these individuals to use iOS devices and applications effectively, and as testers, we need to ensure that our applications cater to such users. Considering the mobile application&#8217;s compatibility with VoiceOver during our testing process, we can make our applications more accessible to a wider range of users. It can help us deliver a more inclusive and accommodating user experience and ensure that our applications conform to the standards of mobile app accessibility.</li><li><strong>The Zoom feature:</strong> This feature of mobile devices allows low-vision users to increase the size of on-screen elements to make the content more legible and easier to see. During testing, it is essential to test the mobile application&#8217;s compatibility with the Zoom feature and ensure that all application elements can be zoomed in and out without any issues. To support zooming, the app should have resizable text, buttons, and other on-screen elements. We should also ensure that the Zoom feature does not adversely affect the application&#8217;s functionality. All links, buttons, and interactive elements should remain easy to click or touch, and all essential information should remain visible even when zoomed in.</li><li><strong>Accessibility Inspector:</strong> Testers use the Accessibility Inspector to verify that all visual elements, such as buttons, icons, and graphics, have labels that screen readers can read aloud. We can also use it to check the application&#8217;s color contrast ratio and verify that resizable fonts are used to ensure an enjoyable experience for low-vision users. Using the Accessibility Inspector, we can analyze the flow of the application, visualize the accessibility hierarchy, and check if the app is accessible to assistive technologies, such as screen readers and voice recognition software. We can use the data collected through Accessibility Inspector to provide feedback to the developers to make necessary adjustments to optimize the app&#8217;s accessibility. We can also test the application again to confirm its compliance with mobile app accessibility standards and ensure it is usable and accessible to many users. Therefore, as testers, we should be proficient with tools like Accessibility Inspector to help ensure that mobile applications meet accessibility standards and are accessible to all users equally.</li><li>Testers can also employ third-party software like <strong>A11YTools</strong>: A11YTools can help testers identify accessibility issues like color contrast, navigation flow, and labels. The tool can also generate a report that highlights any accessibility issues it finds, making it easier for testers to identify and fix the issues.</li><li><strong>ColorSlurp</strong> By using tools like ColorSlurp, testers can ensure that the mobile app is designed with accessibility in mind. We can perform color contrast analysis on various app elements such as text, icons, and other graphics to ensure that they stand out and that the content is legible for all users regardless of their visual abilities.</li></ol>



<p>The following are the tools for Android devices. Some famous names in this category include</p>



<h4 id="h-for-android"><span id="For_Android"><strong>For Android</strong></span></h4>



<ol><li><strong><a href="https://support.google.com/accessibility/android/answer/6376570?hl=en" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Google Accessibility Scanner</a></strong>: This tool developed by Google scans Android applications. It helps testers identify areas that may be challenging for users with disabilities to navigate. During testing, we can use this tool to scan the mobile application. We can also flag any accessibility issues that may be identified. With this feedback, we can further analyze and make specific changes to the application to improve its overall accessibility.</li><li><strong>TalkBack:</strong> TalkBack reads the screen text and describes the application&#8217;s user interface to users with visual disabilities. During testing, we can enable TalkBack in the accessibility settings of the device and use it to navigate through the app using gestures, such as swiping and tapping. Thus, testers can use it to simulate the experience of visually impaired users and gain valuable insights into aspects of the application that may be challenging for such users.</li></ol>



<p>With mobile accessibility testing, a tester aims to ensure that all members of the targeted user base have equal access to the mobile application. This is aimed at promoting inclusivity and optimizing the overall user experience.</p>



<h2 id="h-5-step-checklist-to-achieve-mobile-app-accessibility"><span id="5Step_Checklist_to_achieve_Mobile_App_Accessibility"><strong>5–Step Checklist to achieve Mobile App Accessibility</strong></span></h2>



<p>Do you know Section 508? Section 508 is a law that makes sure people with disabilities have equal access to information. This means that websites, documents, and other electronic content must be designed to accommodate people with disabilities too.</p>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter is-resized"><img loading="lazy" src="https://images.storychief.com/account_36412/image_18ed8e8b5dd0159e2d39866499df44f9_2000.png" alt="5–Step Checklist to achieve Mobile App Accessibility" width="600" height="400"/></figure></div>



<p>Here is the five-step checklist explained in detail:</p>



<ol><li><strong>Design for Accessibility</strong>: Design with accessibility in mind from the start of the design process. Use high-contrast colors and clear fonts, and avoid using images or icons that may be unclear or confusing to users with different abilities. For example: Suppose we are designing a mobile application for a restaurant. From the onset, we should design the app with accessibility in mind. We should consider using high-contrast colors with clear fonts to enhance readability, especially for visually impaired users. For instance, the primary color for the mobile app&#8217;s font could be a black or similar contrasting color, with white or off-white as the background color. This would ensure that the text is easily readable and that the images or photos used do not conflict with the readability of the text.</li><li><strong>Use Descriptive Text</strong>: Use descriptive text to label elements on your app, such as buttons and images. This will ensure that screen readers and other assistive technologies can understand and communicate the information to visually impaired users. For example, you have a log in button on your app&#8217;s home screen. To make it accessible to visually impaired users, you would add descriptive text to the button&#8217;s label. Instead of labeling the button simply as &#8220;Login,&#8221; you might label it as &#8220;Login to your account.&#8221; This provides additional context for the user, which can help them understand what the button does and how it is relevant to their needs. Using descriptive text to label elements on your app ensures that all users can access important information, regardless of their visual abilities.</li><li><strong>Include Alternate Text for Images</strong>: Provide alternate text for images to ensure that users with visual impairments can understand what the image represents. This is for Screen readers and other assistive technologies who can read this information. For example, Let&#8217;s say you have an app that includes an image of a product on a product description page. If a visually impaired user visits the page using a screen reader, they won&#8217;t be able to see the image. Instead, the screen reader will read the alternate text you provided for the image. In this case, you might provide the alternate text &#8220;Product image &#8211; blue t-shirt&#8221; for the image. This tells the user that the image shows a blue t-shirt, the product they want. To add alternate text to an image, you can typically do so in your app development platform&#8217;s image properties or settings menu. Providing accurate and descriptive alternate text for images is important, as this information can help visually impaired users understand your app&#8217;s content and features. Doing so can make your app more inclusive and available to all users.</li><li><strong></strong><strong>Test with Assistive Technologies</strong>: This will ensure all users can access and operate the app. It will help you identify areas requiring improvement and make adjustments before launch. Here is an example to explain: Let&#8217;s say you&#8217;ve developed a new app for a fitness tracking service. You&#8217;ve added accessibility features such as labeled buttons and alternate text for images, but you&#8217;re not sure how well the app will perform with assistive technologies. To test the app with assistive technologies, you might use a screen reader or voice recognition software to simulate the experience of a visually impaired or mobility-impaired user. For example, you might use the VoiceOver screen reader on an iPhone to navigate the app and listen to how it reads out the different features and options. During testing, you might identify areas where the app could be improved for accessibility. You might find that specific images are not read out correctly by the screen reader or that certain buttons are not labeled enough. By testing the app with assistive technologies, you can make important improvements that will ensure the app is fully functional and accessible to all users. This can ultimately lead to a better user experience.</li></ol>



<p>With the above-detailed checklist, you can ensure your mobile app is accessible to all users, including those with disabilities. It will also ensure everyone has equal access to your mobile app.</p>



<p>Check here &#8211; <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/how-big-is-the-global-accessibility-testing-market-and-how-fast-is-it-growing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Global Accessibility Testing Market</a></p>



<h2 id="h-summary"><span id="Summary"><strong>Summary</strong></span></h2>



<p>So, to summarize, mobile accessibility testing is all about checking if mobile apps are accessible for people with disabilities. Luckily, we&#8217;ve got tools to help us. These tools can help developers and testers find out if there are any accessibility problems in mobile apps. There are five things to remember when designing an accessible app:</p>



<ul><li>Make sure it&#8217;s easy for everyone,</li><li>Use descriptive text,</li><li>Add alternate text for images,</li><li>Make sure it works well with a keyboard, and</li><li>Test it with assistive technologies.</li></ul>



<p>If we follow these steps, we can create mobile apps that are inclusive and accessible to everyone, no matter what their abilities are.</p>



<p>Check here &#8211; <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/automating-accessibility-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Automated Accessibility Testing</a></p>


Mobile Accessibility Testing All That You Need to Know in Depth

Mobile Accessibility Testing: All That You Need to Know


<p>You are working on software. But how do you ensure your users will be able to use it? User acceptance testing may hold the answer for you. This blog post will cover everything from the basics of UAT to the User Acceptance Testing Checklist, and, most importantly, we will share some tips and tricks with you.</p>



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets"><p class="toc_title">Table Of Contents</p><ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#User_Acceptance_Testing_UAT_Checklist"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">1</span> User Acceptance Testing (UAT) Checklist</a><ul><li><a href="#Initiating_the_UAT_project"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">1.1</span> Initiating the UAT project</a></li><li><a href="#Planning"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">1.2</span> Planning </a></li><li><a href="#Design"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">1.3</span> Design</a></li><li><a href="#Execution"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">1.4</span> Execution</a></li><li><a href="#Release_Decisions"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">1.5</span> Release Decisions</a></li><li><a href="#Post-User_Acceptance_Testing_Actions"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">1.6</span> Post-User Acceptance Testing Actions</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#User_Acceptance_Testing_Checklist_Example"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">2</span> User Acceptance Testing Checklist Example</a></li><li><a href="#Benefits_of_having_a_UAT_Checklist"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">3</span> Benefits of having a UAT Checklist</a></li><li><a href="#Automate_your_Acceptance_Tests"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">4</span> Automate your Acceptance Tests</a></li><li><a href="#Summary"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">5</span> Summary</a></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-user-acceptance-testing-uat-checklist"><span id="User_Acceptance_Testing_UAT_Checklist"><strong>User Acceptance Testing (UAT)</strong> <strong><strong>Checklist</strong></strong></span></h2>



<p>Here is a checklist for User Acceptance Testing that includes some of the essential elements to consider while conducting UAT:</p>



<h3 id="initiating-the-uat-project"><span id="Initiating_the_UAT_project">Initiating the UAT project</span></h3>



<p>Initiating the<a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/uat-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> User Acceptance Testing</a> (UAT) project is a big deal.</p>



<p>First, involve all the essential peeps like developers, testers, project managers, and end users. Your test cases need to be super thorough and cover all possible scenarios.</p>



<p>Once your test cases are ready, review them by stakeholders to ensure they&#8217;re accurate and complete.</p>



<h3 id="h-planning"><span id="Planning">Planning </span></h3>



<p>Make a UAT plan with clear goals and tasks, like setting up the test environment, creating test cases, and deciding on a timeline. This plan will help guide the whole testing process.</p>



<h3 id="h-design"><span id="Design">Design</span></h3>



<p>Next, you must create test cases based on user stories or use cases from the requirements document.</p>



<h3 id="h-execution"><span id="Execution">Execution</span></h3>



<p>The UAT Execution process involves testing the system or application by actual users to determine whether it meets their requirements and expectations. We analyze and evaluate the results and make necessary changes before the final release.</p>



<p>The UAT Execution process is essential in ensuring the product is user-friendly, meets the requirements, and satisfies the client&#8217;s needs.</p>



<h3 id="h-release-decisions"><span id="Release_Decisions">Release Decisions</span></h3>



<p>Before releasing the software, the User Acceptance Testing (UAT) process must be completed. The team will examine the UAT results and make release decisions to ensure the software meets end-user requirements. They should evaluate feedback, identify issues or flaws, and remedy them before launching the software.</p>



<p>The successful completion of User Acceptance Testing (UAT) can indicate the software&#8217;s readiness for launch; however, it is essential to consider other elements, such as technical and financial viability. Making decisions based on data is imperative to guarantee that the software meets end-users&#8217; demands and achieves success within the market.</p>



<h3 id="h-post-user-acceptance-testing-actions"><span id="Post-User_Acceptance_Testing_Actions">Post-User Acceptance Testing Actions</span></h3>



<p>Post-User Acceptance Testing Actions refer to the steps taken after successfully testing a software application. These actions involve analyzing the testing results, identifying any issues or bugs found, and fixing them before the final implementation of the software. Post-testing involves collecting and incorporating user feedback into the <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/uxui-how-improve-user-experience-software-development-rodriguez" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">software design to improve user experience</a>.</p>



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<h2 id="user-acceptance-testing-checklist-example"><span id="User_Acceptance_Testing_Checklist_Example"><strong>User Acceptance Testing Checklist Example</strong></span></h2>



<p>For the User Acceptance Testing checklist example, let’s look at a <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/test-scenario/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">test scenario</a> of an e-commerce website. The objective is to ensure that the new features of the website work expectedly and meet user requirements. The test environment is staging.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-table"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Test ID</strong></td><td><strong>Test Scenario</strong></td><td><strong>Test Steps</strong></td><td><strong>Expected Resuts</strong></td><td><strong>Actual Results</strong></td><td><strong>Pass/Fail</strong></td><td><strong>Comments</strong></td></tr><tr><td>1</td><td>User registration</td><td>1. Navigate to the registration page.<br>2. Fill out the registration form.<br>3. Submit the form.</td><td>New user should be registered and redirected to the homepage</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>User login</td><td>1. Navigate to the login page.<br>2. Enter valid credentials.<br>3. Click the login button.</td><td>User should be logged in and taken to the dashboard.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Add to cart</td><td>1. Search for a product.<br>2. Select the product.<br>3. Click on &#8220;Add to Cart&#8221;.</td><td>Product(s) should be added to the shopping cart.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>Order history</td><td>1. Navigate to the user account page.<br>2. Click on &#8220;Order History”.</td><td>User should see a list of past orders.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>Checkout process</td><td>1. Go to the shopping cart.<br>2. Click on &#8220;Proceed to Checkout&#8221;.<br>3. Fill out shipping and payment details.<br>4. Submit the order.</td><td>Order should be placed successfully, and confirmation email sent.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>Filter products by category</td><td>1. Navigate to the category page.<br>2. Apply a category filter.</td><td>Products should be filtered according to the selected category.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>



<p>Check here &#8211; <a href="https://testsigma.com/user-acceptance-testing-tools" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Best User Acceptance Testing Tools  </a></p>



<h2 id="benefits-of-having-a-uat-checklist"><span id="Benefits_of_having_a_UAT_Checklist"><strong>Benefits of having a UAT Checklist</strong></span></h2>



<p>Now, you have a checklist handy. All you have to do is put this checklist to good use. Below are the benefits you reap when using a checklist like this to the dot:</p>



<ul><li>Consistency and efficiency come when you run tests in a sequence without missing any step.</li><li>Checklists allow testers to track which test cases have been executed, their outcomes, and any issues encountered.</li><li>You can record and refer to the results along with the comments to stay on top of any changes that might happen in the text scenario.</li><li>A checklist provides a structured approach to UAT testing.</li><li>It promotes communication and collaboration among team members.</li></ul>



<p>Check here &#8211; <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/uat-test-cases-template/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">UAT Test Case Template</a></p>



<h2 id="h-automate-your-acceptance-tests"><span id="Automate_your_Acceptance_Tests"><strong>Automate your Acceptance Tests</strong></span></h2>



<p>Once the needed changes are incorporated into the product, the next step is to automate the <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/acceptance-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">acceptance tests</a>. For automating these tests, you need to choose the tool that would be right for you and would let you grow your<a href="https://testsigma.com/automated-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> test automation</a> suite further. </p>



<p>Testsigma is a tool for automating acceptance tests and allows you to scale your test automation efforts when needed. Some features that make it ideal for the automation of acceptance tests are:</p>



<p> i. It&#8217;s a no-code test automation tool; thus, writing your tests is like writing them in simple English. You don&#8217;t need to be an expert in coding here. </p>



<p>ii. You begin your test automation in minutes. </p>



<p>iii. Testsigma lets you automate your tests for web, mobile, desktop, and APIs from the same place. </p>



<p>iv. The test cases are very easy to edit too. Testsigma is also available as open source and free. </p>



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<h2 id="h-summary"><span id="Summary"><strong>Summary</strong></span></h2>



<p>Ultimately, UAT is an essential step that ensures the product offered to the end-users is high quality, meets their expectations, and is accepted as a valuable addition to their work or lifestyle. A User Acceptance Testing checklist outlines all the steps and procedures to complete the UAT process successfully.</p>



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User Acceptance Testing Checklist- 6 Essential Elements To Consider

User Acceptance Testing Checklist – 6 Factors to Consider

Test Automation Frameworks | How to Choose ?


<p>According to recent studies, more than 86% of businesses worldwide now rely on software testing to ensure the quality and reliability of their applications. When a tester begins their testing journey, the first thing they usually learn is how to document test cases. And when they learn test automation, they convert those test cases to test scripts. This blog will take you on a journey to understand the difference between test cases vs test scripts.</p>



<ul><li>A test case refers to a set of conditions or actions designed to verify a particular application functionality under test.</li><li>A test script is an automated computer program that performs the same steps as a test case but via a tool.</li></ul>



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets"><p class="toc_title">Table Of Contents</p><ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#Test_Case_vs_Test_Script_8211_Overview"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">1</span> Test Case vs Test Script &#8211; Overview</a><ul><li><a href="#What_is_a_Test_Case"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">1.1</span> What is a Test Case?</a></li><li><a href="#What_is_a_Test_Script"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">1.2</span> What is a Test Script?</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Difference_Between_Test_Case_vs_Test_Script"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">2</span> Difference Between Test Case vs Test Script</a></li><li><a href="#Wrapping_up"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">3</span> Wrapping up</a></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="test-case-vs-test-script-overview"><span id="Test_Case_vs_Test_Script_8211_Overview"><strong>Test Case vs Test Script &#8211; Overview</strong></span></h2>



<h3 id="h-what-is-a-test-case"><span id="What_is_a_Test_Case">What is a Test Case?</span></h3>



<p>A test case refers to testers&#8217; instructions to validate a particular functionality or software application feature. It is a detailed description of a test&#8217;s inputs, operating conditions, and expected outputs. These test cases</p>



<ul><li>Find software errors, bugs, or problems, which developers can fix.</li><li>They help ensure the quality and reliability of the software by providing a systematic approach to testing.</li><li>It is necessary to ensure that each test case is clear and concise, referencing the relevant requirement or features of the software.</li><li>Proper documentation and management of all test cases are necessary for successful testing and quality product delivery.</li></ul>



<h3 id="h-what-is-a-test-script"><span id="What_is_a_Test_Script">What is a Test Script?</span></h3>



<p>When you take the steps from a test case and automate them via some tool, usually a test automation tool, it becomes a test script.</p>



<p><strong><em>Image showing a test script example in </em></strong><a href="https://staging.testsigma.com/ui/dashboard" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><strong><em>Testsigma</em></strong></a></p>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter is-resized"><img loading="lazy" src="https://images.storychief.com/account_36412/image_aa0a53d923147684edac39c0d6a8051c_2000.png" alt="Test script example in Testsigma" width="600" height="400" /><figcaption>Test cases and Test steps</figcaption></figure></div>



<p>Testsigma is a no-code test automation tool, and thus, as you can see in the image above, you can automate your tests in plain English without learning any programming language. Testsigma lets you automate your tests for web, mobile, APIs, and desktop from the same place.</p>



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<h2 id="h-difference-between-test-case-vs-test-script"><span id="Difference_Between_Test_Case_vs_Test_Script"><strong>Difference Between Test Case vs Test Script</strong></span></h2>



<p>The difference between the Test case and Test Script is summarized in the table below:</p>



<figure class="wp-block-table"><table style="border: 1px solid black;border-collapse: collapse"><tbody><tr><td style="border: 1px solid black;padding: 10px;border-collapse: collapse"><strong>Test Case</strong></td><td style="border: 1px solid black;padding: 10px;border-collapse: collapse"><strong>Test Script</strong></td></tr><tr style="border: 1px solid black;padding: 10px;border-collapse: collapse"><td style="border: 1px solid black;padding: 10px;border-collapse: collapse">Test cases are written before the actual testing is done to define the scope of the testing.</td><td style="border: 1px solid black;padding: 10px;border-collapse: collapse">Test scripts are usually written after certain rounds of testing are done and we know that the functionality being automated works.</td></tr><tr style="border: 1px solid black;padding: 10px;border-collapse: collapse"><td style="border: 1px solid black;padding: 10px;border-collapse: collapse">Test cases are written for manual test execution.&nbsp;</td><td style="border: 1px solid black;padding: 10px;border-collapse: collapse">Test scripts are written for automated test execution.</td></tr><tr style="border: 1px solid black;padding: 10px;border-collapse: collapse"><td style="border: 1px solid black;padding: 10px;border-collapse: collapse">Test cases are written in English or the language of the tester.</td><td style="border: 1px solid black;padding: 10px;border-collapse: collapse">Test scripts are written in the language supported by the tool being used for automated test execution.</td></tr><tr style="border: 1px solid black;padding: 10px;border-collapse: collapse"><td style="border: 1px solid black;padding: 10px;border-collapse: collapse">Test cases document the steps to be followed during testing.</td><td style="border: 1px solid black;padding: 10px;border-collapse: collapse">Test scripts automate the test steps for test execution.</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>



<h2 id="h-wrapping-up"><span id="Wrapping_up"><strong>Wrapping up</strong></span></h2>



<p>We now understand the part test cases and test scripts play in the different testing processes. Test cases are the first step in documenting the testing process for a function or a feature. Each test case tests one aspect of the software. On the other hand, test scripts automate the test steps for a test case.</p>





Test Plan vs Test Case
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Test Suite vs Test Case
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Test Case vs Test Scenario
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Test Case Vs Use Case
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Automate Test Script
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Automate Test Suite
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Exploring Test Case vs Test Script: What's the Difference?