When do we want to run tests on existing browser instances?

There are many scenarios where we want Selenium to connect to and use an existing browser that was previously opened manually or by some other program.

Some of the typical use cases are as below.

When the user does not want to log in every time, they add a test step while drafting the test case or when they want a plugin to be added in the automation-controlled browser, the Chrome browser launched using the Selenium web driver will not have their log-in information or plugins that they might have installed.
When the user has logged into an account that requires two-factor authentication.
When the user has done a sequence of manual operations that might be hard to automate have already been done.
When the application has a bug, and the user does a manual intervention to bypass a few steps.

Example

The sample sequence of test steps to add a beneficiary and make a transaction are

Go to the net banking website login page.
Enter username and password.
Go to the money transfer page.
Add the beneficiary details.
Verify the details of the bank account and person.
Select from the various methods of online money transfer including RTGS, IMPS, NEFT, UPI, and digital wallet.
Select the beneficiary name, and the amount, and then submit the details.
Verify the amount and other information on the verification page.
Click submit for the final action of the fund transfer.

If you want to add an assertion case where you want to verify the text message displayed after a transaction, you will be looking for an option to run ONLY the test where you assert the success/failure message displayed on the page without repeating the entire test steps from logging into the website.

The default behavior in Selenium is that a new driver instance will be initiated every time when you write a new test. In the above example, if you add the 10th test step to an existing test or write a new test in Selenium, you will be able to verify it only by running from step 1.

You can run only the assertion use case from the above example in a previously opened chrome browser where the transaction case is tested either manually or using selenium script when the browser is opened in debugging mode.

When the Chrome browser application is opened in a remote debugger port, we could easily connect a new Selenium Chrome Driver to that existing chrome instance.

Prerequisites

Chrome Browser — Version 63 or higher
Add Chrome Browser installation directory to Path variable (if you are using windows) — preferable as it would allow opening chrome browser from any directory using terminal/command prompt.

How to launch Chrome with remote debugging enabled?

ChromeDriver will communicate with Chrome via the remote DevTools Protocol, which is not usually enabled when you open Chrome from the list of applications in the system.

So, you will need to enable the protocol by starting Chrome with the –remote-debugging-port command-line switch and choosing a port for it. Port 9222 is used by convention, but you can use any non-reserved port.

On Windows, you can run from the command prompt by appending a custom flag:

start chrome.exe –remote-debugging-port=9222

/chrome.exe –remote-debugging-port=9222

when the path is not set.

On macOS, you will need to find the path to the Chrome executable. Here’s an example to launch a Chrome executable that is in the default path:

/Applications/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google\ Chrome –remote-debugging-port=9222

On Linux, launch the browser by running google-chrome --remote-debugging-port=9222

To launch Chrome with the remote DevTools protocol enabled without the need to use the command line:

On Windows,
- Right-click the Chrome shortcut, and select Properties
- In the “target” field, append --remote-debugging-port=9222
On macOS, either of the 3 ways mentioned below works
- Create an Automator workflow that runs a bash script to open the browser with the command line switch enabled.
- Use the .dmg file that you can obtain from this GitHub repository.
- You could create your executable with a tool like Platypus.

If you want to launch the browser using a custom chrome profile, you can do it by adding --user-data-dir flag when you launch the browser.

To enable Chrome to open a port for remote debugging in the new chrome profile, we need to launch it with a custom flag.

On Windows,

start chrome.exe –remote-debugging-port=9222 –user-data-dir=”C:\selenum\ChromeProfile”

On Mac,

/Applications/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google\ Chrome –remote-debugging-port=9222 –user-data-dir=”~/ChromeProfile”

For --user-data-dir flag you can either pass the directory where a new folder will be created for storing details of the chrome profile or you can create a folder and pass it as a value for the flag. You can launch the browser in a new profile when you don’t want to pollute your default profile.

How to Connect to an Existing Chrome Browser from Selenium?

Here is the sample snippet to initialize Chrome Driver in Selenium with Java/Python1//Sample Java

//Sample Java Code ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions(); options.setExperimentalOption(“debuggerAddress”,”localhost:“); ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options);

#Sample Python Code chrome_options = Options() chrome_options.add_experimental_option(“debuggerAddress”, “127.0.0.1:9222”) #Change chrome driver path accordingly chrome_driver = “C:\chromedriver.exe” driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_driver, chrome_options=chrome_options) print driver.title

*Replace remote-port with the port where you have launched chrome with the remote DevTools protocol enabled

A working example in a sample application is below —

package com.sample.web; import org.testng.annotations.BeforeClass; import org.testng.annotations.Test; import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.remote.*; import org.testng.Assert; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; public class DebuggingMode { private WebDriver driver; @BeforeClass public void setUp() { System.setProperty(“webdriver.chrome.driver”, “resources/chromedriver”); ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions(); options.setExperimentalOption(“debuggerAddress”, “127.0.0.1:9222”); driver = new ChromeDriver(options); driver.manage().window().maximize(); driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(120, TimeUnit.SECONDS); driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS); Capabilities capability = ((RemoteWebDriver) driver).getCapabilities(); Map map = capability.asMap(); for (Map.Entry entry : map.entrySet()) { System.out.println(entry.getKey() + “:” + entry.getValue()); } } @Test() public void testLoginWithWrongCredentials() { driver.get(“https://travel.testsigma.com/login”); driver.findElement(By.xpath(“//input[@name=’name’]”)).sendKeys(“admin”); driver.findElement(By.xpath(“//input[@name=’password’]”)).sendKeys(“abcde”); driver.findElement(By.xpath(“//button[@type=’submit’]”)).click(); Assert.assertTrue(driver.findElement(By.xpath(“div[text()=’Wrong username/password’]”)).isDisplayed()); } //Below test does not launch the new browser session, and you are not entering the username again @Test() public void testLoginWithCorrectPassword() { driver.findElement(By.xpath(“//input[@name=’password’]”)).clear(); driver.findElement(By.xpath(“//input[@name=’password’]”)).sendKeys(“12345”); driver.findElement(By.xpath(“//button[@type=’submit’]”)).click(); List message = driver.findElements(By.xpath(“div[text()=’Wrong username/password’]”)); Assert.assertTrue(message.isEmpty()); } }

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