Waterfall Model in Software Testing: Phases, Examples, Advantages & Limitations

Ultimate Guide to Enterprise Application Testing

Enterprise Application Testing – The Ultimate Guide

A login page is important for any website/application to grant secure access to its customers. But do you know what is more important than that? A bug-free login page.





Certainly, no business wants an outsider to come in contact with the private data of other users. And if you run an enterprise that wants to avoid such issues, it&#8217;s important to focus on verifying the “password” and “forgot password” fields of the login page.





This exhaustive blog post on writing forgot password test cases is sure to assist you in the development of a login page for your upcoming projects.




<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets"><p class="toc_title">Table Of Contents</p><ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#Test_Cases_for_Password"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">1</span> Test Cases for Password</a></li><li><a href="#Test_Cases_For_Forgot_Password"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">2</span> Test Cases For Forgot Password</a></li><li><a href="#When_to_Automate_Test_Cases_For_Forgot_Password"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">3</span> When to Automate Test Cases For Forgot Password?</a></li><li><a href="#How_to_Automate_Test_Cases_For_Forgot_Password"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">4</span> How to Automate Test Cases For Forgot Password?</a></li><li><a href="#Conclusion"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">5</span> Conclusion</a></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-test-cases-for-password"><span id="Test_Cases_for_Password">Test Cases for Password</span></h2>




Although the password is one single field on the login page, you will realize how important it is to create password test cases so your customers are not left confused when they misplace the login credentials. Here is a list of test cases for the password field that you can follow:




<ul>
 	<li>Verify if a valid password is allowing users to successfully log in to their accounts.</li>
 	<li>Check if an invalid password entry is preventing users from logging into the account.</li>
 	<li>Check if an error message displays when the entered password is wrong.</li>
 	<li>Validate that the password field is case-sensitive.</li>
 	<li>Verify the size, font, and placement of the password input field on the page.</li>
 	<li>Check that the entered password is not visible at first and is hidden by some special characters (dots, asterisk, or such).</li>
 	<li>Test if the option to make the password visible (usually, <em>Show Password) </em>is present or not.</li>
 	<li>Test if clicking on the <em>Show Password </em>button makes the password visible to the user.</li>
 	<li>Validate that the character limit for the password field is accurate and within the range specified in the specification documents.</li>
</ul>



<h2 id="h-test-cases-for-forgot-password"><span id="Test_Cases_For_Forgot_Password">Test Cases For Forgot Password</span></h2>




Similar to test cases for the password field, there are many test cases for the forgot password option. Knowledge of these different tests will help you run the right cases and scripts to verify the forgot password functionality on the login page. It is an essential requirement that every user will use once. We recommend that you properly understand the value of the forgot password function before building or running the below tests.




<figure class="wp-block-table">
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><strong>Features under test</strong></td>
<td><strong>Test cases</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Forgot password link</td>
<td>Check that the forgot password option is visible on the page.
Verify that the forgot password link is clickable.
Verify that clicking on the link takes the user to the forgot password page.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Forgot password functionality</td>
<td>Check if you receive an email with a password reset link with valid credentials.
Check if an error message is displayed when you provide an invalid email address for forgot password.
Verify that you get the password reset link for an already registered email.
Login after resetting the password and see if you can successfully log in.
Test that you receive a confirmation message or email after changing/resetting the password.
Test if the password reset option ensures taking input that follows the guidelines of password creation.
Check and see if the user gets blocked when they try to reset the password beyond a certain number of attempts.
Verify that the reset password link is disabled after the new password is set.
If there are any security questions, check if they are displayed right and take only valid answers.
Verify that the password reset link email is sent only to the particular user’s email.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</figure>



<h2 id="h-when-to-automate-test-cases-for-forgot-password"><span id="When_to_Automate_Test_Cases_For_Forgot_Password">When to Automate Test Cases For Forgot Password?</span></h2>




Both password and forgot password options have many test cases that call for thorough understanding and attention. Missing out on even one test or its result can prove to be fatal for the entire software. It may give access to an individual who is not the right user or deny entry to the owner of the account. To avoid any of such instances and more of a similar manner and intensity, automating the <a href="https://www.javatpoint.com/test-case" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">test cases</a> for the password field along with forgot password option is an essential choice.





You should automate your test cases when:




<ul>
 	<li>There are numerous test cases that require immense manual effort and a high budget.</li>
 	<li>Your team has fewer members working on the project.</li>
 	<li>There are communication/collaboration issues when testing is done manually.</li>
 	<li>You want to avoid human-borne problems.</li>
 	<li>It is clear to you that opting for <a href="https://testsigma.com/automated-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">test automation</a> will save you time, money, and the discomfort of working on the same thing again and again.</li>
</ul>



<h2 id="h-how-to-automate-test-cases-for-forgot-password"><span id="How_to_Automate_Test_Cases_For_Forgot_Password">How to Automate Test Cases For Forgot Password?</span></h2>



<p style="padding-bottom: 30px;">For forgot password testing, you can go through the test cases that we have listed above. Here, we will take the example of verifying if the user receives an email upon clicking on the password reset button with the valid email address, with Testsigma as the test automation tool. Below is the Testsigma login page with <em>Forgot Password </em>link.</p>







<p style="padding-bottom: 30px; padding-top: 30px;">This is the forgot password page we will request the link from:</p>







<p style="padding-top: 30px;">Here are the steps on how you can automate the above-mentioned test case for forgot password with Testsigma tool:</p>




<strong>Step 1:</strong>




<p style="padding-bottom: 30px;">Create a new test case with a name and navigation URL.</p>







<p style="padding-top: 30px;"><strong>Step 2:</strong></p>



<p style="padding-bottom: 30px;">Create the test steps using NLP dropdowns or the record option available in the tool. Testsigma provides multiple NLP options that you can choose to build the test steps in plain English without any coding.</p>







<p style="padding-top: 30px;"><strong>Step 3:</strong></p>



<p style="padding-bottom: 30px;">After you are done creating the tests, run them to see the pass and fail status. In this case, we have provided a valid email address to receive the password reset link, So the status would be <em>Pass. </em>You can also check screenshots and videos of the test to share with the team members.</p>







<p style="padding-top: 30px;"><strong>Step 4:</strong></p>




Lastly, verify that you have received the email with the password reset link in your email. You can further check that the reset link is valid and works properly for you.





You can also check out how you can create <a href="https://testsigma.com/regression-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">test cases for regression testing</a>, <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-cases-for-api-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">API testing</a>, and <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/what-types-of-test-cases-should-be-automated-for-efficient-cross-browser-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">cross-browser testing</a> blogs and guides to better understand Testsigma and its features.




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<h2 id="h-conclusion"><span id="Conclusion">Conclusion</span></h2>




A password is only as strong and safe as it is tested out to be. And if your application or system runs on data that needs proper authorization for user access, logging in with a username and password is intricate to your business. Here comes the need to verify password and forgot password fields with the right set of tests and automation tools.





Both these input fields ask for proper testing. We have listed almost all the necessary tests that you can follow to verify the fields. Also, check out the example we have highlighted with Testsigma and see how you can automate our web, application, and API within minutes without coding a single line.




How do you write a test case example?
A test case refers to a set of instructions that you need to run to verify certain features/functionality of the system. An example of a test case would be checking the search feature on a site by entering valid and invalid inputs.

How do you write a test case for a reset?
For a reset functionality, a test case would primarily look like checking the fields with valid and invalid input. Some of the tests would also be sending the right emails with proper reset links. We have discussed reset password test cases above in detail.

What are the possible test cases for the login page?
For the login page, test cases would include verifying the username and password functionality with positive and negative entries, checking the submit/login button, and validating successful login attempts.

How to Write Test Cases For Forgot Password and Password

How to Write Test Cases For Forgot Password and Password?

How to Write Test Cases for Ecommerce Website


<p>Every tester knows the sinking feeling when a new code update breaks something that was perfectly fine before. That’s exactly where regression testing and sanity testing come in. While both aim to maintain product stability, their scope, timing, and intent differ significantly. Understanding these two testing types can help teams save time and ensure quality with confidence.</p>



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<p><a href="https://testsigma.com/regression-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Regression testing</a> is the process of re-running previously executed test cases to verify that new code changes haven’t unintentionally affected existing functionalities.<gwmw style="display:none;"></p>



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets"><p class="toc_title">Table Of Contents</p><ul class="toc_list"><ul><li><a href="#Example"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">0.1</span> Example:</a></li><li><a href="#Purpose"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">0.2</span> Purpose</a></li><li><a href="#Benefits"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">0.3</span> Benefits</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Sanity_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">1</span> Sanity Testing</a><ul><li><a href="#Example-2"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">1.1</span> Example:</a></li><li><a href="#Purpose-2"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">1.2</span> Purpose</a></li><li><a href="#Benefits-2"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">1.3</span> Benefits</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Regression_Testing_Vs_Sanity_Testing_Whats_the_Difference"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">2</span> Regression Testing Vs Sanity Testing: What’s the Difference?</a></li><li><a href="#Advantages_Limitations_of_Regression_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">3</span> Advantages &amp; Limitations of Regression Testing</a><ul><li><a href="#Advantages"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">3.1</span> Advantages</a></li><li><a href="#Limitations"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">3.2</span> Limitations</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Advantages_Limitations_of_Sanity_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">4</span> Advantages &amp; Limitations of Sanity Testing</a><ul><li><a href="#Advantages-2"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">4.1</span> Advantages</a></li><li><a href="#Limitations-2"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">4.2</span> Limitations</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Why_Perform_Regression_and_Sanity_Testing_in_Testsigma"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">5</span> Why Perform Regression and Sanity Testing in Testsigma?</a><ul><li><a href="#Key_Features_That_Make_Regression_and_Sanity_Testing_Effortless_in_Testsigma"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">5.1</span> Key Features That Make Regression and Sanity Testing Effortless in Testsigma:</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Conclusion"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">6</span> Conclusion</a></li><li><a href="#FAQs"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">7</span> FAQs</a></li></ul></div>
<h3 id="example"><span id="Example"><strong>Example:</strong></span></h3>



<p>Let’s say you work on an e-commerce app and your team adds a “Wishlist” feature. Regression testing ensures that previously working features like the checkout flow, search, and payment gateway still function correctly after the update.</p>



<h3 id="purpose"><span id="Purpose"><strong>Purpose</strong></span></h3>



<p>The main purpose of regression testing is to ensure software stability after modifications. It verifies that bug fixes, enhancements, or code merges haven’t broken the system.</p>



<p><strong>Key goals include:</strong></p>



<ul><li>Detecting unintended side effects of new code changes</li><li>Ensuring that older functionalities remain intact</li><li>Maintaining overall software reliability across builds</li></ul>



<h3 id="benefits"><span id="Benefits"><strong>Benefits</strong></span></h3>



<ul><li><strong>Early Detection of Integration Issues:</strong> Catches problems before they impact production.</li><li><strong>Ensures Continuous Stability:</strong> Keeps the product consistent after every release.</li><li><strong>Supports Agile and CI/CD Workflows:</strong> Perfect for iterative development and frequent deployments.</li><li><strong>Improves User Experience:</strong> Prevents recurring defects in core functionalities.</li></ul>



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<h2 id="sanity-testing"><span id="Sanity_Testing"><strong>Sanity Testing</strong></span></h2>



<p>Sanity testing is a quick check performed after receiving a new build or update to verify whether specific functionalities work as expected before proceeding with deeper testing.</p>



<h3 id="example-1"><span id="Example-2"><strong>Example:</strong></span></h3>



<p>Imagine you’re testing a banking app where developers fix a bug in the “Funds Transfer” module. Before running a full test suite, you perform sanity testing to ensure the bug is actually fixed and related core functions (like account balance updates) work fine.</p>



<h3 id="purpose"><span id="Purpose-2"><strong>Purpose</strong></span></h3>



<p>The primary purpose of sanity testing is to validate small sections of functionality after changes or fixes. It acts as a checkpoint before more comprehensive testing.</p>



<p><strong>Key goals include:</strong></p>



<ul><li>Confirming that the reported issues are fixed</li><li>Verifying that no major components are broken after the fix</li><li>Deciding whether the build is stable enough for further testing</li></ul>



<h3 id="benefits"><span id="Benefits-2"><strong>Benefits</strong></span></h3>



<ul><li><strong>Saves Time:</strong> Prevents teams from testing unstable builds.</li><li><strong>Quick Validation:</strong> Helps confirm whether the fix works correctly.</li><li><strong>Improves Efficiency:</strong> Allows teams to focus on relevant test areas.</li><li><strong>Acts as a Gatekeeper:</strong> Ensures only valid builds move to deeper regression or functional testing.</li></ul>



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<h2 id="regression-testing-vs-sanity-testing-what-s-the-difference"><span id="Regression_Testing_Vs_Sanity_Testing_Whats_the_Difference"><strong>Regression Testing Vs Sanity Testing: What’s the Difference?</strong></span></h2>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" width="1024" height="1024" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/blog-assets-production.testsigma.com/blogs/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/09134726/image-26-1-1.png" alt="regression testing vs sanity testing" class="wp-image-63164" srcset="https://s3.amazonaws.com/blog-assets-production.testsigma.com/blogs/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/09134726/image-26-1-1.png 1024w, https://s3.amazonaws.com/blog-assets-production.testsigma.com/blogs/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/09134726/image-26-1-1-300x300.png 300w, https://s3.amazonaws.com/blog-assets-production.testsigma.com/blogs/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/09134726/image-26-1-1-768x768.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>



<figure class="wp-block-table"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Aspect</strong></td><td><strong>Regression Testing</strong></td><td><strong>Sanity Testing</strong></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Definition</strong></td><td>Verifies that new code changes haven’t impacted existing functionalities.</td><td>Validates specific functionalities or bug fixes after receiving a new build.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Scope</strong></td><td>Broad: covers the entire application or major modules.</td><td>Narrow: focuses on specific parts or modules affected by a fix or update.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Objective</strong></td><td>Ensure overall software stability and consistency.</td><td>Check if the build is stable enough for further testing.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Performed When</strong></td><td>After code enhancements, bug fixes, or updates.</td><td>After receiving a new build with specific changes or bug fixes.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Depth of Testing</strong></td><td>Deep and comprehensive testing of existing functionalities.</td><td>Shallow and focused testing of modified functionalities.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Time Requirement</strong></td><td>Takes more time as it involves a larger test suite.</td><td>Takes less time as it targets specific functionalities.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Automation Feasibility</strong></td><td>Highly automatable using regression suites.</td><td>Typically manual but can be automated for quick checks.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Test Coverage</strong></td><td>Extensive: includes functional, integration, and UI aspects.</td><td>Limited: only verifies affected areas.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Entry Criteria</strong></td><td>Stable build after code changes.</td><td>Newly received build after bug fixes or updates.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Exit Criteria</strong></td><td>All test cases pass without regression defects.</td><td>Core functionality verified successfully for further testing.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Responsibility</strong></td><td>Usually handled by automation or QA engineers.</td><td>Often performed manually by testers for quick validation.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Outcome</strong></td><td>Confirms the product’s overall stability after updates.</td><td>Confirms whether the latest build is stable for deeper testing.</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>



<h2 id="advantages-limitations-of-regression-testing"><span id="Advantages_Limitations_of_Regression_Testing"><strong>Advantages &amp; Limitations of Regression Testing</strong></span></h2>



<h3 id="advantages"><span id="Advantages"><strong>Advantages</strong></span></h3>



<ul><li>Ensures that existing functionality remains unaffected after updates</li><li>Reduces production defects through continuous validation</li><li>Supports test automation for faster releases</li><li>Strengthens confidence before product deployment</li></ul>



<h3 id="limitations"><span id="Limitations"><strong>Limitations</strong></span></h3>



<ul><li>Time-consuming without automation support</li><li>Can become complex with large applications</li><li>Requires frequent test case maintenance</li><li>High resource utilization during execution</li></ul>



<h2 id="advantages-limitations-of-sanity-testing"><span id="Advantages_Limitations_of_Sanity_Testing"><strong>Advantages &amp; Limitations of Sanity Testing</strong><gwmw style="display:none;"></span></h2>



<h3 id="advantages"><span id="Advantages-2"><strong>Advantages</strong></span></h3>



<ul><li>Quick and efficient in verifying small changes</li><li>Prevents wasting time on unstable builds</li><li>Helps detect major showstopper issues early</li><li>Enables faster feedback to developers</li></ul>



<h3 id="limitations"><span id="Limitations-2"><strong>Limitations</strong></span></h3>



<ul><li>Limited test coverage</li><li>Largely manual and non-scripted</li><li>Not suitable for detailed regression validation</li><li>Doesn’t guarantee overall system stability</li></ul>



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<h2 id="why-perform-regression-and-sanity-testing-in-testsigma"><span id="Why_Perform_Regression_and_Sanity_Testing_in_Testsigma">Why Perform Regression and Sanity Testing in Testsigma?</span></h2>



<p>Testsigma is an Agentic AI-powered codeless test automation platform that allows teams to effortlessly create, execute, and manage test cases across web, mobile, API, Salesforce, and SAP applications. It streamlines both regression and sanity testing, enabling testers to quickly validate new features or fixes while ensuring existing functionality remains intact.<gwmw style="display:none;"></p>



<h3 id="key-features-that-make-regression-and-sanity-testing-effortless-in-testsigma"><span id="Key_Features_That_Make_Regression_and_Sanity_Testing_Effortless_in_Testsigma">Key Features That Make Regression and Sanity Testing Effortless in Testsigma:</span></h3>



<ul><li><strong>Codeless Test Creation:</strong> Build regression and sanity tests in plain language like English, without writing code. You can also use the Generator Agent to automatically generate test cases from Jira tickets, Figma designs, screenshots, images, videos, PDFs, and other files.</li><li>Reusable Test Steps: Share and reuse common test steps across multiple builds, minimizing duplication and speeding up test creation.</li><li><strong>Parallel Execution:</strong> Execute regression and sanity tests simultaneously on 3000+ devices and browsers, ensuring broad coverage and faster detection of issues.</li><li><strong>CI/CD Integration:</strong> Automatically trigger regression and sanity tests with every new build, providing instant feedback and preventing defects from progressing downstream.</li><li><strong>Self-Healing Test Maintenance:</strong> Detect and automatically fix broken test steps caused by minor UI changes, reducing maintenance effort and keeping tests reliable over time.</li><li><strong>Detailed Reporting and Logs:</strong> Access clear, actionable insights into test failures, helping teams quickly determine whether an issue is isolated or affects core functionality.</li></ul>



<h2 id="conclusion"><span id="Conclusion"><strong>Conclusion</strong></span></h2>



<p>The main difference between regression testing and sanity testing lies in their scope and intent. Regression testing ensures the entire system remains stable after changes, while sanity testing verifies that recent fixes or updates work correctly.<gwmw style="display:none;"></p>



<p>Both regression and sanity testing can be efficiently performed in <a href="https://testsigma.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Testsigma</a>, where AI agents help automate and accelerate each stage of the testing process. You can start exploring these capabilities with a <a href="https://testsigma.com/signup" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><strong>free trial</strong></a><strong> </strong>today.<gwmw style="display:none;"></p>



<h2 id="faqs"><span id="FAQs"><strong>FAQs</strong></span></h2>



<div class="schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block"><div class="schema-faq-section" id="faq-question-1759998203009"><strong class="schema-faq-question">1. <strong>What is the main difference between regression testing and sanity testing?</strong></strong> <p class="schema-faq-answer">Regression testing ensures that existing functionalities remain unaffected after changes, while sanity testing quickly verifies that specific new features or bug fixes work correctly.<gwmw style="display:none;"></gwmw></p> </div> <div class="schema-faq-section" id="faq-question-1759998220256"><strong class="schema-faq-question">2. Does regression testing include sanity testing?</strong> <p class="schema-faq-answer">No, regression testing does not include sanity testing, as it focuses on verifying existing functionalities rather than quickly validating specific new changes or fixes.<gwmw style="display:none;"></gwmw></p> </div> <div class="schema-faq-section" id="faq-question-1759998229749"><strong class="schema-faq-question">3. When should you prioritize sanity testing over regression testing?</strong> <p class="schema-faq-answer">You should prioritize sanity testing when a new build has minor changes or bug fixes and you need a quick check before performing deeper testing.<gwmw style="display:none;"></gwmw></p> </div> <div class="schema-faq-section" id="faq-question-1759998245620"><strong class="schema-faq-question">4. Is regression testing always automated, while sanity testing is manual?</strong> <p class="schema-faq-answer">No. Both regression and sanity testing can be automated or manual, depending on the tools and processes used.</p> </div> <div class="schema-faq-section" id="faq-question-1759998271042"><strong class="schema-faq-question">5. How do regression and sanity testing together improve software quality?</strong> <p class="schema-faq-answer">They ensure that new changes work correctly (sanity testing) while confirming that existing functionalities remain stable (regression testing), reducing the risk of defects in production.<gwmw style="display:none;"></gwmw></p> </div> <div class="schema-faq-section" id="faq-question-1759998289054"><strong class="schema-faq-question">6. What happens if sanity testing passes but regression testing fails (or vice versa)?</strong> <p class="schema-faq-answer">If sanity testing passes but regression testing fails, the new fixes work, but other parts of the system are broken. If regression testing passes but sanity testing fails, existing functionalities are stable, but the new changes or fixes are not working correctly.<gwmw style="display:none;"></gwmw></p> </div> </div>


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Chaos Testing | What it is, Challenges & Best Practices

<p>As software development becomes more complex, it is increasingly important to have effective testing strategies. One key part of that is using Test Artifacts. Developers and testers should be aware of various types of test artifacts to test software effectively. </p>



<p>This blog post will explore these different test artifacts and explain their significance in testing. You can be a software developer, tester, or project manager, and understanding the role of test artifacts in testing will undoubtedly improve the quality of your software. </p>



<p>So, let&#8217;s dive in and explore the world of test artifacts!</p>



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets"><p class="toc_title">Table Of Contents</p><ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_are_Test_Artifacts"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">1</span> What are Test Artifacts?</a></li><li><a href="#Reasons_for_Having_and_Not_Having_Test_Artifacts"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">2</span> Reasons for Having and Not Having Test Artifacts</a></li><li><a href="#Test_Artifacts_in_Test_Automation"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">3</span> Test Artifacts in Test Automation</a></li><li><a href="#Summary"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">4</span> Summary</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">5</span> Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li><a href="#What_is_an_example_of_a_test_artifact"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">5.1</span> What is an example of a test artifact?</a></li><li><a href="#What_are_the_different_types_of_artifacts_in_DevOps"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">5.2</span> What are the different types of artifacts in DevOps?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-what-are-test-artifacts"><span id="What_are_Test_Artifacts">What are Test Artifacts?</span></h2>



<p>Test artifacts(test deliverables) are documents and scripts created during software testing to ensure that the tested application meets the desired quality standards. These artifacts provide evidence of the testing process and valuable insights into the overall testing efforts.</p>



<p><gwmw style="display:none;"></gwmw></p>



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<h2 id="reasons-for-having-and-not-having-test-artifacts"><span id="Reasons_for_Having_and_Not_Having_Test_Artifacts">Reasons for Having and Not Having Test Artifacts<gwmw style="display:none;"></gwmw></span></h2>



<p> Several factors may influence the need for test artifacts: </p>



<p>1. <strong>Company rules</strong>: Some industries, like aerospace, nuclear power, or healthcare, are strict about testing and paperwork. They might need us to produce detailed reports. </p>



<p>2. <strong>Project needs</strong>: If we&#8217;re working on something that needs to be super good and reliable, we might need to make more test stuff than usual to ensure everything is covered.</p>



<p>3. <strong>What stakeholders want</strong>: Testers, Developers, Project managers, and Customers may all have different ideas about what they need from testing results. Developers might need detailed reports to understand and deal with issues, while the customers may want a summary of how good and reliable the product is.</p>



<p>4. <strong>What we&#8217;re trying to do</strong>: The <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/what-goals-software-testing-panorama-software-solutions" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">testing goals</a> also play a part in deciding how much we need from the testing results. We need more detailed and extensive testing results to find and fix as many problems as possible before the release. But if our goal is just to meet a basic level of quality, more detailed testing results might not be needed.</p>



<p>There are a few reasons why an organization might only need some test stuff for a project. Here are some factors that could affect this decision: </p>



<p>1.<strong> How complicated the project is</strong>: If it&#8217;s a pretty simple project with only a few features and not a lot of stuff going on, making all the test things you&#8217;d need for a bigger project might not be necessary. </p>



<p>2. <strong>What resources are available</strong>: If the organization has few resources, making all the test stuff you&#8217;d need for a super comprehensive testing effort might not make sense.</p>



<p>3. <strong>How risky the project is</strong>: If it is a high-risk project, it may be necessary to produce more test artifacts to thoroughly test the system and ensure it meets all required specifications. </p>



<p>When figuring out what test efforts are needed, it is also important to think about what you&#8217;re trying to accomplish. Don&#8217;t waste time on stuff that is not helping you reach your goals. Stick to the most important things.</p>



<h2 id="h-test-artifacts-in-test-automation"><span id="Test_Artifacts_in_Test_Automation">Test Artifacts in Test Automation</span></h2>



<p>Here we refer to using automated tools and technologies to streamline and enhance the creation, execution, and management of various test artifacts. As we discussed earlier about Test artifacts, now you know these are the essential elements in the software testing lifecycle that document different aspects of the testing process. </p>



<p>Let&#8217;s delve into each type of test artifact and explore how automation can benefit them:</p>



<p>1. <strong>Test Strategy:</strong> The <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/software-testing-strategy/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">test strategy</a> outlines the overall approach and objectives for testing a software product or system. This test strategy can detail the process of test automation which can then be put to action.</p>



<p>2.<strong> Test Plan:</strong> A test plan provides a detailed roadmap for executing tests, including scope, resources, timelines, and entry/exit criteria. Automation tools can aid in generating test plans by automatically populating relevant information based on project parameters.</p>



<p>3. <strong>Test Scenario:</strong> A test scenario defines a specific situation or event that needs to be tested within an application or system. In certain conditions, it is recommended that these test scenarios be authored and executed using test automation tools. That is when automating these tests could help generate ROI in the long run.</p>



<p>4. <strong>Test Cases:</strong> <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/what-is-test-case/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Test cases</a> are detailed instructions specifying inputs, expected outputs, preconditions, and post-conditions for executing tests on specific functionalities or components of an application. Similar to test scenarios, there are certain conditions, when it is recommended that these test cases be automated using test automation tools. </p>



<p>5. <strong>Test Data:</strong> Test data encompasses all inputs required to execute tests effectively. This test data is useful when test cases and test scenarios are automated too. </p>



<p>6. <strong>Documentation:</strong> Automated documentation generation tools simplify creating comprehensive reports on testing activities such as requirements traceability matrices (RTMs), progress reports, and defect metrics.</p>



<p>7.<strong> Defect/Bug Report:</strong> There are test automation tools that integrate with various bug/<a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/defect-tracking-tools/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">defect tracking tools</a>. These tools create a bug report automatically when a bug is caught via automated test cases and test scenarios.</p>



<p>8. <strong>Summary Report:</strong> Summary reports overview the overall testing progress and key metrics such as test coverage, pass/fail rates, and defect trends. There are test automation tools that generate these summary reports automatically for the tests executed and their reports.</p>



<p>Here, we discussed some test artifacts that can also be created via <a href="https://testsigma.com/">automation tools</a> and technologies.</p>



<p>Testsigma is a no-code <a href="https://testsigma.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">test automation tool</a> that makes creation of test cases very easy by letting you create them in simple English. </p>



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<h2 id="h-summary"><span id="Summary">Summary</span></h2>



<p>In conclusion, to ensure product quality, it is sometimes essential to create all test artifacts.</p>



<p>These test artifacts are required to have a thorough testing process, but it is also important to prioritize and concentrate on the most significant and relevant artifacts.</p>



<h2 id="h-frequently-asked-questions"><span id="Frequently_Asked_Questions">Frequently Asked Questions</span></h2>



<h3 id="h-what-is-an-example-of-a-test-artifact"><span id="What_is_an_example_of_a_test_artifact">What is an example of a test artifact?</span></h3>



<p>An example of a test artifact could be a test plan document. A test plan outlines the overall approach, objectives, and scope of testing for a specific project or software application. It includes details about the testing strategy, resources required, test environment setup, and the specific tests to be executed.</p>



<h3 id="h-what-are-the-different-types-of-artifacts-in-devops"><span id="What_are_the_different_types_of_artifacts_in_DevOps">What are the different types of artifacts in DevOps?</span></h3>



<p>DevOps has different types of artifacts, including source code, binaries, configuration files, and deployment scripts.<gwmw style="display:none;"></gwmw></p>

Test Artifacts Explained With Types


<p>Before buying any smartphone, do you usually give it a check as per your needs? A trial run is always the best idea if you wish to encounter no problems with the product during use.&nbsp;Similarly, prior to launching any mobile application (or a website, for that matter), field testing is important. It checks the ability of the application to function under real-life conditions before it is released to the users.</p>



<p>Let’s see how field testing is critical for testing every mobile application today.</p>



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets"><p class="toc_title">Table Of Contents</p><ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_is_Field_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">1</span> What is Field Testing?</a></li><li><a href="#Why_is_Field_Testing_Important"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">2</span> Why is Field Testing Important?</a></li><li><a href="#Who_Does_Field_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">3</span> Who Does Field Testing?</a></li><li><a href="#When_Does_Field_Testing_Happen"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">4</span> When Does Field Testing Happen?</a></li><li><a href="#Field_Testing_and_Test_Automation"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">5</span> Field Testing and Test Automation</a></li><li><a href="#How_to_Run_a_Field_Test"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">6</span> How to Run a Field Test?</a></li><li><a href="#Limitations"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">7</span> Limitations </a></li><li><a href="#Examples_of_Tests_that_Can_Be_Verified_in_Field_Test"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">8</span> Examples of Tests that Can Be Verified in Field Test</a></li><li><a href="#Best_Practices"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">9</span> Best Practices</a></li><li><a href="#Summary"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">10</span> Summary</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">11</span> Frequently Asked Questions</a></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-what-is-field-testing"><span id="What_is_Field_Testing">What is Field Testing?</span></h2>



<p>Field testing refers to the process of testing and evaluating an application in real-world conditions outside of the controlled development environment. Testers deploy this approach for both web and mobile applications with the aim of gathering real-user feedback and identifying any issues or potential improvements before the official release.</p>



<p>In mobile, it involves deploying the app to actual devices and having users interact with it in their everyday environments. Typically, the testing is done on mobile networks only. It is a type of <a href="https://testsigma.com/mobile-testing">mobile testing</a>.</p>



<p>Field testing checks the app on various devices, operating systems, and network conditions to assess its performance, functionality, usability, and overall user experience. The goal is to uncover issues and collect feedback that went unnoticed during the development and testing phases.</p>



<p>One fascinating aspect of field tests is the discovery of unexpected user behaviors and usage patterns. Despite extensive testing during development, field testing often uncovers unique scenarios that developers may not have anticipated. These scenarios could include different network conditions, diverse device configurations, or user interactions that were not replicated in the testing environment. By conducting field testing, developers gain valuable insights into how their app performs in the hands of real users, allowing them to identify and address any issues or optimizations needed for a better user experience.</p>



<h2 id="h-why-is-field-testing-important"><span id="Why_is_Field_Testing_Important">Why is Field Testing Important?</span></h2>



<p>Field tests are a perfect way of experimenting with your product before launching it to your customer base. The short time window between the final testing and the release date is when the field test is performed. The process allows you to:</p>



<ul><li>Gain access to unhinged feedback from a small portion of users who interact with the application.</li><li>Develop products that are error-free and ready for launch.</li><li>Collect critical data that are essential to improve the application and its features.</li><li>Work on new features and upgrades for the future.</li><li>Use the test data from the users for other purposes, such as sales and marketing.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-who-does-field-testing"><span id="Who_Does_Field_Testing">Who Does Field Testing?</span></h2>



<p>Since field testing is done at the last stage of development, product managers, marketing managers, and the support team takes care of the process. They provide the application access to users and gain maximum insight from their feedback.</p>



<h2 id="h-when-does-field-testing-happen"><span id="When_Does_Field_Testing_Happen">When Does Field Testing Happen?</span></h2>



<p>Field testing in software testing occurs at the later stage of application development. It comes even after alpha and beta testing. And because the application is made available to only a few users, field testing is also called a limited release or soft launch. The right hierarchy of testing is given below:</p>



<p>Alpha testing -&gt; Beta testing -&gt; Field testing -&gt; Application launch -&gt; Support</p>



<h2 id="h-field-testing-and-test-automation"><span id="Field_Testing_and_Test_Automation">Field Testing and Test Automation</span></h2>



<p>Field testing involves a few users checking out the application before releasing it to all the customers. It’s like <em>‘playing the field’ </em>before the main game starts. And because users interact with the app on their own, there is no room for automation in this scenario.</p>



<p>However, there might come instances after field testing is complete where you would need automation. That is when you receive feedback from the users, which requires you to address bugs or features that went unnoticed before. Such insights give rise to new test cases, which can be automated using the right tools to save time and cost. And surely, an effective approach here is to go for a test automation tool, such as <a href="https://testsigma.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Testsigma</a>, to run all the test cases.</p>



<p>It is a powerful, AI-powered tool that easily supports web and mobile application testing. The simple interface and <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/the-era-of-low-code-no-code-platforms-what-you-should-know/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">no-code testing</a> make the tool a go-to option for less complex tests that do not need many resources, which might often be the case after field testing. Testsigma provides a cloud-based testing platform that supports end-to-end test automation for mobile applications. It allows testers to create and execute test scripts across different devices, operating systems, and network conditions.</p>



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<p>For instance, let&#8217;s consider a simple mobile application that involves searching and sorting products as per their category. Clothes go into apparel, laptops and mobiles are under electronics, medicine and household products are under essentials, and so on. With Testsigma, field tests for this application can be automated after you receive suggestions from the limited user base. You can design test scripts to run regression tests and validate the right sorting with their cost and usage.</p>



<h2 id="h-how-to-run-a-field-test"><span id="How_to_Run_a_Field_Test">How to Run a Field Test?</span></h2>



<p>Like other user tests, field testing offers a multi-step approach that includes planning, designing, testing, and analyzing reports. Let’s look at these steps individually.</p>



<ul><li><strong>Planning:</strong> Clearly, every process begins with the planning phase. It consists of a simple and concise document outlining the goals, objectives, deadline, authority, and results of the project. This stage involves talking to the stakeholders, project managers, and developers; basically, everyone is involved in the process of creating the document.</li><li><strong>Designing:</strong> In the designing phase, the document is shared with the responsible individuals of the teams who would be working on the project. They will understand the task and start developing the application with all the necessary resources.</li><li><strong>Testing:</strong> This step comes after the designing/development when testers get involved in the project to validate the application for its authenticity and specifications. They perform their own set of tests, manual or automated, and share the finally passed product which undergoes field testing using a small portion of users.</li><li><strong>Analyzing:</strong> The last phase analyzes testers&#8217; results after running the previous step. It includes assessing the success of the test and its implications and making recommendations for improvements, further tests, or next steps.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-limitations"><span id="Limitations">Limitations </span></h2>



<p>Field testing has several limitations that should be taken into consideration when planning and interpreting the results. Here are some common limitations associated with field testing:</p>



<ul><li>Field tests can be challenging as it is conducted in real-world environments where conditions can be highly variable.</li><li>Field tests are resource-intensive and time-consuming, requiring a dedicated team of QAs to perform all the steps that include real-world scenarios.</li><li>It can be risky to make the mobile application available to the end-users, however small in portion, without offering them initial guidance about the features and functions of the app.</li><li>For most testers and businesses, procuring multiple devices of varying dimensions and software specifications to execute field testing can be challenging.</li></ul>



<p>It is possible to mitigate all these issues. You need to carefully plan and prioritize field testing efforts from the beginning.</p>



<h2 id="h-examples-of-tests-that-can-be-verified-in-field-test"><span id="Examples_of_Tests_that_Can_Be_Verified_in_Field_Test">Examples of Tests that Can Be Verified in Field Test</span></h2>



<p>Suppose you are building an application that tracks stock prices and allows users to buy/sell them in real time. The functions of the app would include:</p>



<ul><li>giving stock information,</li><li>adding money to the app wallet,</li><li>enabling the buying/selling option within seconds, and</li><li>making all the payments without any interruptions, as stock prices are quite volatile.</li></ul>



<p>Not to mention that hundreds of thousands of users would simultaneously do all of these. Two of the field tests for this type of application would be checking the network and connectivity testing and performance testing.</p>



<p>Test the application&#8217;s performance and behavior for network and connectivity validation under different network conditions, such as 3G, 4G, Wi-Fi, or low signal strength areas. Verify that the application works properly and efficiently handles network interruptions.</p>



<p>For performance, you need to check if the application can withstand certain load/visitor limits. Testers usually do that by hitting the app with huge traffic. In field testing, that can be done by asking users to consistently open the app and perform some activities to see if the application is performing everything properly.</p>



<p>Some other field tests that you can conduct for this application are checking how it affects the battery and power consumption of the mobile and validating if the UI is displaying correctly on different devices with varying dimensions.&nbsp;</p>



<h2 id="h-best-practices"><span id="Best_Practices">Best Practices</span></h2>



<p>Let’s look at some of the best practices for field testing that will make it easier for you to deliver an unexceptionally high-quality mobile application to your users:</p>



<ul><li>Select a diverse set of devices representative of your target user base.</li><li>Test the app under various network conditions, including different signal strengths, network speeds (3G, 4G, Wi-Fi), and network providers. This helps assess the app&#8217;s performance and reliability across different connectivity.</li><li>Define specific test scenarios and use cases that cover a wide range of user interactions and workflows.</li><li>Perform field tests after all the <a href="https://testsigma.com/regression-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">regression tests</a> are complete, and you have a list of <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/what-is-test-case/">test cases</a> to support your testing process.</li><li>Be detailed and clear while logging the feedback to ensure no communication gap or confusion about how the app works.</li><li>Pay attention to the app&#8217;s impact on device resources such as battery life, CPU usage, memory, and data consumption.</li><li>Lastly, refine and enhance the app using the insights gained from field testing.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-summary"><span id="Summary">Summary</span></h2>



<p>Any product becomes a hit when users accept it and like it. Same with mobile applications. But how do you make sure that users like the final product without releasing it to them? You launch the app for your users. Confused?</p>



<p>Field testing validates a mobile application in real-life conditions by making it available to a few potential customers. It helps product managers and stakeholders to gather critical insight into the functioning of the application before making it public for everyone to use.</p>



<h2 id="h-frequently-asked-questions"><span id="Frequently_Asked_Questions"><strong>Frequently Asked Questions</strong></span></h2>



<div class="schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block"><div class="schema-faq-section" id="faq-question-1754479203321"><strong class="schema-faq-question">Which testing is also called field testing?</strong> <p class="schema-faq-answer">Field testing is also called Beta testing, which aims to select a group of users, known as beta testers, to evaluate the software in a real-world environment before its official release. During <a href="https://www.javatpoint.com/beta-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">beta testing</a>, the software is made available to a limited number of external users who represent the target audience or a specific user group, which is a similar approach to field testing.</p> </div> <div class="schema-faq-section" id="faq-question-1754479214351"><strong class="schema-faq-question">What is the primary advantage of field tests?</strong> <p class="schema-faq-answer">Primary advantages of field testing in software testing include real-world user feedback, identifying usability issues, validating software performance in varying environments, uncovering unanticipated bugs, enhancing user experience, and gaining insights into user preferences.</p> </div> </div>


What is Field Testing Explained With Examples

What is Field Testing? Explained With Examples

<p><em>Did you find a bug? I mean in the software! </em>Software bugs can be the bane of any software project, causing delays, disruption, or even software failures. Any software development project must pay close attention to bug identification and resolution. This blog looks at some of the most common bugs in software testing processes. We&#8217;ll also explore how they can be identified and solved quickly and effectively so software projects can stay on track and meet their goals. </p>



<p>By looking at these common bug types, we can better understand how to manage them and ensure that our software projects stay on course.</p>



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<p><strong>Did you <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/how-to-find-bugs/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">find a BUG</a>?</strong></p>



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets"><p class="toc_title">Table Of Contents</p><ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_is_a_Software_Bug"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">1</span> What is a Software Bug?</a></li><li><a href="#Different_Types_of_Bugs_in_Software_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">2</span> Different Types of Bugs in Software Testing:</a><ul><li><a href="#1_Functional_Bugs"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">2.1</span> 1. Functional Bugs</a></li><li><a href="#2_Logical_Bugs"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">2.2</span> 2. Logical Bugs</a></li><li><a href="#3_Workflow_Bugs"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">2.3</span> 3. Workflow Bugs</a></li><li><a href="#4_Unit_Level_Bugs"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">2.4</span> 4. Unit Level Bugs</a></li><li><a href="#5_System-Level_Integration_Bugs"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">2.5</span> 5. System-Level Integration Bugs</a></li><li><a href="#6_Out_of_Bound_Bugs"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">2.6</span> 6. Out of Bound Bugs</a></li><li><a href="#7_Security_Bugs"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">2.7</span> 7. Security Bugs</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Common_Examples_of_Software_Bugs"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">3</span> Common Examples of Software Bugs</a></li><li><a href="#Impact_of_Software_Bugs"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">4</span> Impact of Software Bugs!</a></li><li><a href="#How_to_Find_Underlying_Software_Bugs"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">5</span> How to Find Underlying Software Bugs?</a></li><li><a href="#Identify_and_Resolve_Bugs"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">6</span> Identify and Resolve Bugs!</a></li><li><a href="#Conclusion"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">7</span> Conclusion</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">8</span> Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li><a href="#What_is_the_most_common_type_of_software_bug"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">8.1</span> What is the most common type of software bug?</a></li><li><a href="#What_is_the_classification_of_a_bug_in_testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">8.2</span> What is the classification of a bug in testing?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-what-is-a-software-bug"><span id="What_is_a_Software_Bug"><strong>What is a Software Bug?</strong></span></h2>



<p>Software bugs are errors, flaws, deficiencies, or defects in a computer program or system that cause it to produce an incorrect or unexpected result or to behave in unintended ways.</p>



<h2 id="h-different-types-of-bugs-in-software-testing"><span id="Different_Types_of_Bugs_in_Software_Testing"><strong>Different Types of Bugs in Software Testing:</strong></span></h2>



<p>Software bugs can be classified into multiple categories based on their nature and impact. Broadly speaking, these categories include Functional Bugs, Logical Bugs, Workflow Bugs, Unit Level Bugs, System-Level Integration Bugs, Out of Bound Bugs, and Security Bugs.</p>



<h3 id="h-1-functional-bugs"><span id="1_Functional_Bugs"><strong>1. Functional Bugs</strong></span></h3>



<p>Functional bugs refer to defects or issues in software applications that affect their intended functionality. These bugs can manifest in various ways, such as incorrect calculations, unexpected behavior, crashes, or unresponsive features. They can arise due to coding errors, inadequate testing, compatibility issues, or external factors like hardware limitations.</p>



<p></p><p style="padding-bottom:30px">For example, for functional testing, let us consider a scenario wherein the user logs into their Testsigma account. The Email field within the login page fails to accept special characters like “@” and “.”, , triggering a functional defect in the form of an error message.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image"></figure>



<br><h3 id="h-2-logical-bugs"><span id="2_Logical_Bugs"><strong>2. Logical Bugs</strong></span></h3>



<p>Do you know Logical bugs are common in software development and can be quite challenging to identify and fix? Unlike syntax errors, which are relatively easy to spot due to their violation of the programming language&#8217;s rules, logical bugs occur when the code does not produce the expected output or behavior.</p>



<p></p><p style="padding-bottom:30px">In the image shown below, the user&#8217;s action of clicking on the &#8220;Blog&#8221; page in Testsigma is depicted. It would be considered a logical bug if the user is redirected to the &#8220;Support&#8221; or any other page.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image"></figure>



<br><h3 id="h-3-workflow-bugs"><span id="3_Workflow_Bugs"><strong>3. Workflow Bugs</strong></span></h3>



<p>This bug can be a major hindrance to productivity and efficiency in any organization. These bugs refer to glitches, errors, or bottlenecks within a workflow process, causing team members delays, confusion, and frustration.</p>



<p></p><p style="padding-bottom:30px">Let&#8217;s consider an example to explain this concept. Upon accessing the website &#8211; <a href="https://testsigma.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Testsigma.com</a> on the below-mentioned page, the user is expected to be redirected to the documents page upon clicking the &#8220;Doc&#8221; icon. However, this expected behavior does not occur. In that case, it can be inferred that a workflow bug exists within the system.</p>



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<br><h3 id="h-4-unit-level-bugs"><span id="4_Unit_Level_Bugs"><strong>4. Unit Level Bugs</strong></span></h3>



<p>Unit-level bugs refer to the defects or errors at the smallest testable component of a software system, known as a unit. These units can be functions, methods, classes, or modules. When developers write code, they break it into smaller units to make it more manageable and easier to test.</p>



<p></p><p style="padding-bottom:30px">Explaining a unit-level bug through an example is a simple task. The image shows no action after clicking the &#8220;Schedule a Demo&#8221; button. Based on this observation, it can be concluded that the issue is a unit-level bug, which pertains to a defect that occurs at the smallest unit of code &#8211; a module, function, or statement.</p>



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<br><h3 id="h-5-system-level-integration-bugs"><span id="5_System-Level_Integration_Bugs"><strong>5. System-Level Integration Bugs</strong></span></h3>



<p>System-level integration bugs refer to the issues that arise when different components or subsystems of a complex system fail to work together seamlessly. These bugs can occur for various reasons, such as incompatible interfaces, module miscommunication, or inadequate testing.</p>



<p>Consider an example scenario &#8211;</p>



<p></p><p style="padding-bottom:30px">Suppose we have a web application with multiple modules like user registration, login,  checkout and payment processing. Different teams develop each module, which must be integrated for the application to function correctly. The application throws an error when the user clicks on “Proceed to Payment” &#8211; means the system failed where the checkout was integrated with payment. This will be an example of a system-level integration bug.</p>



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<br><h3 id="h-6-out-of-bound-bugs"><span id="6_Out_of_Bound_Bugs"><strong>6. Out of Bound Bugs</strong></span></h3>



<p>Out Of Bound Bugs occur with logical and arithmetic errors exceeding the allowable boundaries of a specified operation.</p>



<p></p><p style="padding-bottom:30px">Consider the following scenario in which a user attempts to schedule a Demo in Testsigma. Upon navigating to the <strong>TimeSlot page</strong>, the user incorrectly selects a date one day before the current date, July 18th, 2023. As a result, the Demo gets scheduled for July 17th, 2023, which is outside the acceptable range of dates. This can be categorized as an out-of-bounds bug.</p>



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<br><h3 id="h-7-security-bugs"><span id="7_Security_Bugs"><strong>7. Security Bugs</strong></span></h3>



<p>These are persistent and concerning issues in the world of technology. These bugs refer to vulnerabilities or flaws in software, hardware, or systems that malicious actors can exploit to gain unauthorized access, steal sensitive information, disrupt services, or cause other harmful consequences.</p>



<p></p><p style="padding-bottom:30px">So, here is an example of a security flaw. Look at the image below where the user enters the wrong combination login on Testsigma login page, it lets the user in! This is a major software flaw because it exposes the site to security risks. This will enable anyone to log in to the application. It&#8217;s a security bug.</p>



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<br><h2 id="h-common-examples-of-software-bugs"><span id="Common_Examples_of_Software_Bugs"><strong>Common Examples of Software Bugs</strong></span></h2>



<p>Software bugs are flaws within a program that prevents it from performing correctly and can be caused by design or coding errors. Common examples of software bugs include: </p>



<ul><li>Unexpected program crashes</li><li>Results that don&#8217;t match expectations, </li><li>The program encountering an infinite loop,</li><li>Incorrect calculations, </li><li>Data missing from a database</li><li>Malfunctioning user interface elements,</li><li>Unresponsive API </li><li>Security vulnerabilities </li><li>Errors with file permissions </li><li>Unnatural slowness </li><li>Compatibility issues</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-impact-of-software-bugs"><span id="Impact_of_Software_Bugs"><strong>Impact of Software Bugs!</strong></span></h2>



<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_bug">Software bugs</a> can have far-reaching consequences on software systems, businesses, and users alike. The following points outline the primary effects of software bugs:</p>



<p>1. Extended Development Time: Software bugs can lead to a prolonged development period, as they need to be found, identified, and corrected.</p>



<p>2. Increased Cost: Investigating and fixing software bugs can be expensive and time-consuming, increasing development costs.</p>



<p>3. Reduced System Quality: Bugs may prevent a software system from functioning properly, decreasing system quality.</p>



<p>4. User Frustration: Software bugs can create confusion, frustration, and dissatisfaction, leading to a poor user experience.</p>



<p>5. Regulatory Compliance Violations: Software bugs can sometimes cause a business to violate the applicable regulatory standards.</p>



<h2 id="h-how-to-find-underlying-software-bugs"><span id="How_to_Find_Underlying_Software_Bugs"><strong>How to Find Underlying Software Bugs?</strong></span></h2>



<p>Finding underlying software bugs can be a daunting process for developers, but it can be done if it is done systematically. To find the underlying software bug, the following steps should be taken: </p>



<ol><li><strong>Begin bug-hunting via exploration of the features of the software</strong>: Test each feature and identify underperforming or unexpected behaviors; for example, within Testsigma Web Application, if we are testing the “login feature” &#8211; test the logging in/out process, and note any errors in the loading/saving/validation of data. </li><li><strong>Carefully study the user interface</strong>: Explore every menu, every button, every page, etc., and look for inconsistencies and unexpected features. For example, within if we are testing the registration page for Testsigma application, you need to analyze the user interface for that page and ensure that all input fields are validated correctly. </li><li><strong>Set up test plans</strong>: Set up user scenarios for various functions the software should have and thoroughly test each scenario. For example, when testing the registration process in Testsigma Web Application, create a plan to register a user, log out, log in back, and verify the login credentials are correct. </li><li><strong>Make use of existing automation tools</strong>. Executing existing automation scripts and verifying if the executables are returning expected output can be immensely helpful in uncovering unknown software bugs. For these, you should use a test automation tool that goes well with your application.<br><br>Testsigma is a <a href="https://testsigma.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">test automation tool</a> that lets you automate your tests for web, mobile, desktop and APIs, from the same place. It is a no-code test automation platform that makes it very easy to automate your tests in simple English.</li></ol>



<p><br></p><p><button class="btn bg-primary cta-btn" style="margin: auto"><a href="https://testsigma.com/signup" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color:#fff">Automate your tests, 10x faster, with Testsigma</a></button></p><br>



<h2 id="h-identify-and-resolve-bugs"><span id="Identify_and_Resolve_Bugs"><strong>Identify and Resolve Bugs!</strong></span></h2>



<p>Finding and fixing bugs can be annoying, and it takes time and effort to go through your code carefully. But it can also be pretty cool! You might even feel like a detective on the case.</p>



<p>Identifying and resolving bugs involves various steps, such as: </p>



<p>1. Isolating the source of the bug. </p>



<p>2. Running through the code and looking for possible errors. </p>



<p>3. Make sure all parameters are correct and rerun the code. </p>



<p>4. Refactoring the code to ensure optimal performance. </p>



<p>5. Testing the code again to find any new potential bugs.</p>



<h2 id="h-conclusion"><span id="Conclusion"><strong>Conclusion</strong></span></h2>



<p>Bug testing is an essential part of the software development process and helps to ensure that software is properly tested prior to launch. Identifying and resolving bugs during development is important to deliver a successful and user-friendly product. With a better understanding of common bugs, developers can take preventive measures and improve software quality.</p>



<h2 id="h-frequently-asked-questions"><span id="Frequently_Asked_Questions"><strong>Frequently Asked Questions</strong></span></h2>



<h3 id="h-what-is-the-most-common-type-of-software-bug"><span id="What_is_the_most_common_type_of_software_bug"><strong>What is the most common type of software bug?</strong></span></h3>



<p>The most common type of software bug is coding errors, which are found in the code written to make the software operational. These errors may lead to crashed systems, unexpected errors, or incorrect output.</p>



<h3 id="h-what-is-the-classification-of-a-bug-in-testing"><span id="What_is_the_classification_of_a_bug_in_testing"><strong>What is the classification of a bug in testing?</strong></span></h3>



<p>Generally, bugs are classified as either major or minor, depending on their impact on the program. Major bugs should be prioritized and fixed immediately, while minor bugs may be addressed later.</p>